KEY WORD TRANSFORMATIONS C1.

 I urgently need to give Simon a message about where to meet Jane. DELIVER: I have to deliver an ur-
gent message to Simon about where to meet Jane.
 Please hurry up and decide which film to watch. MIND: I wish you would make up your mind about
which film to watch.
 I found it quite hard to get this place at university. EASY: It has not been easy to get this place at uni-
versity.
 I’d been worrying about the test, but it was easy. EXPECTED: I hadn’t expected the test to be so easy.
 The police suspect that he killed his wife. OF: He is suspected of killing his wife.
 She’s taking karate lessons, and kickboxing as well. IS: Not only is she taking karate lessons, she’s also
doing kickboxing.
 Mum offered me another piece of pie, but I told her I was full. HAD: I told I had had enough pie when
she offered me another piece.
 They have been building their dream home for the past ten years. UNDER: Their dream home has been
under construction for the past ten years.
 We didn’t like the holiday resort much but we decided to enjoy what we could. MOST: We decided to
make the most of the holiday resort even though we didn’t like it much.
 I didn’t hear from Jane for another three years. BEFORE: It was three years before I heard from Jane
again.
 Getting a place on the course was much harder than I thought it would be. AS: It was not as easy to get
a place on the course as I thought it would be.
 Greg has to work very hard to pay his bills. ENDS: To make ends meet Greg has to work very hard.
 None of the phones were left when we got to the shop. TIME: By the time we got to the shop, all the
phones had been sold.
 I didn’t know it was Carl until he took off his hat. WHEN: Only when he took off his hat did I recognise
Carl.
 Don’t wast your time asking Bryan to come with us. WORTH: It’s not worth asking Bryan to come with
us.
 Perhaps John heard the story from Pippa. HAVE: Pippa might have told John the story.
 Until they fire me as manager here, I’ll run the company my way. LONG: As long as I am the boss, I’ll
run the company my way.
 The school’s management are investigating allegations of teacher brutality. INTO: Allegations of teacher
brutality are being looked into by the school’s management.
 It’s not possible that you saw Mary last night, she was with us! HAVE: You can’t have seen Mary last
night, she was with us!
 The beach was fun even though it was too cold. FACT: Despite the fact that it was too cold, the beach
was fun.
 Many delegates stole pens from the conference room. WERE: A lot of pens were stolen from the con-
ference room by delegates.
 Immediately after Bess arrived home, the phone rang. SOONER: No sooner had Bess arrived home
than the phone rang.
 If his expensive divorce hadn’t happened, Bill would still be a rich man. FOR: If it hadn’t been for his ex-
pensive divorce, Bill would still be a rich man.
 «You won’t get lost along the country lanes if you always have the map open». LONG: He told them
they wouldn’t get lost as long as they had the map open.
 My brother has great ideas all the time. COMES: My brother always comes up with great ideas.
 If that passing woman hadn’t arrived, we would have been completely lost. FOR: Had it not been for
that passing woman, we would have got completely lost.
 If I lose this job, nobody will let me forget it. LIVE: I’ll never live it down if I lose this job.
 They’ll have to cancel the show if the audience doesn’t increase. MEAN: A continued low audience for
the show will mean its cancellation.
 A phone call was the first we heard about them withdrawing from the concert. PULLING: The first we
heard about them pulling out of the concert was a phone call.
 We need to run or the train will leave before we get there. TIME: Unless we run, the train will have left
by the time we get there.
 «You really must stay for dessert», Kate’s brother said to him. STAYING: Kate’s brother insisted on him
staying for dessert.
 «A massage would do you a lot of good», Jake told Amy. FROM: «You would really benefit from a mas-
sage», Jack told Amy.
 Even if it’s very far, they want to go to Paris for a weekend break. MAY: Far though it may be, they want
to go to Paris for a weekend break.
 The town’s population surrendered as soon as the enemy arrived. THAN: No sooner had the enemy ar-
rived than the town’s population surrendered.
 This building stands a very good chance of being closed as unsafe by the council. HIGHLY: It’s highly
likely that this building will be closed by council due to being unsafe.
 Another student stole Carol’s watch from the classroom. HAD: Carol had her watch stolen by another
student from the classroom.
 I started working at eight and I was still working at six in the evening, when you called. BEEN: When
you called, I had been working for ten hours.
 We often went to the seaside with our grandparents as children. WOULD: Our grandparents would of-
ten take us to the seaside as children.
 It’s about seven years now since Laura started to learn Russian. LEARNING: Laura has been learning
Russian for about seven years.
 Being with the older children soon stopped being frightening when I went to secondary school. USED:
Secondary school was frightening, but I soon got used to being with the older children.
 Every night for the past week I have had the same dream. HAVING: I have been having the same
dream for a week now.
 I always disliked karate lessons but now I’m starting to enjoy them. USED: I never used to enjoy karate
lessons, but now I’m starting to.
 I started training to be an accountant six months ago. I’ve got six more months to go, and then I have to
take the exams. IN TRAINING: By the time I take my exams, I will have been in training to be an ac-
countant for one year.
 The council have been thinking for some time of redeveloping the city centre. UNDER CONSIDERA-
TION: The redevelopment of the city centre has been under consideration for some time.
 They’ve been having discussions on the issue for over two weeks. IN PROGRESS. Discussion on the
issue have been in progress for over two weeks.
 This weekend, the local Art Society will be displaying their latest works at the library. ON DISPLAY: The
local Art Society’s latest works will be on display at the library this weekend.
 George seems to have been putting his website together for a long time. UNDER CONSTRUCTION:
George’s website seems to have been under construction for a long time.
 They made me wait for over 20 minutes on the phone! KEPT: I was kept waiting for over 20 minutes on
the phone!
 Although people consider Ashley to be a star, she is always friendly towards everyone. CONSIDERED:
Despite being considered a star, Ashley’s always friendly towards everyone.
 We have had reports that the Prime Minister is making a surprise visit to Syria. BE: The Prime Minister
is reported to be making a surprise visit to Syria.
 The manager provided the staff with extra training. BY: The staff was provided with extra training by the
manager.
 I think someone needs to explain this computer program to me. EXPLAINING: I think I need this com-
puter program explaining to me.
 They have been building the new stadium for much longer than they originally estimated. UNDER: The
new stadium has been under construction for much longer than they originally estimated.
 Do you know why they made Craig stay behind after the lesson? TO: Do you know why Craig was
made to stay behind after the lesson.
 Call Lionel and ask him to send the reports up to my office. HAVE: Call Lionel and have him send the
reports up to my office.
 He got his first teaching job ten years ago. TEACHING: He has been teaching for ten years.
 At the reception, they’re having smoked salmon, and caviar as well. BUT: At the reception, not only are
they having smoked salmon but they’re also having caviar.
 It is very important that you send this parcel by courier first thing on Monday morning. SENT: This par-
cel must be sent by courier first thing on Monday morning.
 Being a manager is more difficult than it looks. EASY: Being a manager is not as easy as it looks.
 I was extremely nervous about the exam but, in the end, it turned out to be quite easy. EXPECTED: I
had expected the exam to be more difficult than it actually was.
 She was doing well at work, but she decided to embark on a new challenge. SUCCESSFUL: Despite
being successful at work she made up her mind to pack it all in and make a fresh start.
 James hasn’t called. It’s possible he’s forgotten my birthday. HAVE: James may/might have forgotten
my birthday, because he hasn’t called.
 I definitely didn’t write that note, Lyn! That’s not my hand-writing! WRITTEN: I can’t have written that
note, Lyn, because that’s not my handwriting!
 Paul said he would call April to tell her he’s not going to the party, and I’m sure he was. WILL: Paul will
have phoned to tell April he’s not going to the party, because he said he would.
 Has Anthea gone to Dubai yet? I don’t think so, because she hasn’t called me to say goodbye.
WOULD: Has Anthea gone to Dubai yet? I don’t think so, she would have called me to say goodbye.
 It’s true that I lost the match, but I played well. NOT: I might not have won the match, but I played well.
 Although he’s good with animals, he’s not very comfortable with people. MAY: He may be good with an-
imals, but he’s unable to relax around people.
 I’m certain you are better. FEELING: You must be feeling better.
 Dr Hollis has been on holiday. You certainly didn’t see her. POSSIBLY: You can’t possibly have seen Dr
Hollis because she’s been on holiday.
 Without his glasses, it was a really bad idea for Ernesto to drive. BEEN: Ernesto shouldn’t have been
driving without his glasses.
 It was possible to have a vaccination but I didn’t want one. IF: I could have had a vaccination if I’d
wanted one.
 Perhaps I got food poisoning from that hamburger! GAVE: It might have been the hamburger that gave
me food poisoning
 It was a mistake not to tell your parents that you don’t want to become a doctor. ABOUT: You should
have told your parents about wanting to become a doctor.
 I’m sure he will face some tough questions from reporters. BOUND: He is bound to face some tough
questions from reporters.
 It’s very probable that the government will lose the vote. MAY WELL: The government may well lose
the vote.
 I don’t think they will have sold out of tickets yet. UNLIKELY: I think they’re unlikely to have sold out of
tickets yet.
 I expect she’ll be given a warm reception when she arrives. LIKELY: I think she’s likely to be given a
warm reception when she arrives.
 They will sign a new five-year contract in the next few days. VERGE: They are on the verge of signing a
new five-year contract.
 The 50-storey building will be demolished later today. ABOUT: The 50-storey building is about to be de-
molished.
 Peter will definitely pass his driving test. BOUND: Peter is bound to pass his driving test.
 The future of the sport is looking uncertain. HOLD: No one knows what the future will hold for the sport.
 We’re celebrating the company’s tenth anniversary next month. BUSINESS: Next month, the company
will have been in business for ten years.
 I’ll see you outside the cinema at eight o’clock tonight. WAITING: I’ll be waiting outside the cinema at
eight o’clock tonight.
 Scientists have almost discovered how to make objects invisible. POINT: Scientists are on the point of
discovering how to make objects invisible.
 Dave’s available to help us move house next weekend. COMING: Dave will be coming to help us with
the move next weekend.
 I very nearly picked up the phone. ABOUT: I was just about to pick up the phone. OR POINT: I was on
the point of picking up the phone.
 John is sure to pass the exam. BOUND: John is bound to pass his exam. OR CERTAIN: It is certain
that John will pass his exam.
 He is due for a promotion. SHOULD: He should be promoted. OR TIME: It’s time he was promoted.
 I think it’s very likely that everyone will have a computer. CHANCE: In my opinion there’s a good chance
that everyone will have a computer. OR DOUBT: I very much doubt that everyone won’t have a com-
puter.
 She learnt how to dance the tango ten years ago. ABLE: She has been able to dance the tango for ten
years.
 Although we’ve been friends for a long time, but I don’t always understand her. HAVE: We might have
been friends for a long time, but I don’t always understand her.
 There have been rumours that Peter and Jane are getting married. HAS: It has been rumoured that
Peter and Jane are getting married.
 They finally got married last year, after being engaged for 12 years. BEEN: When they finally to married
last year, they had been engaged for 12 years.
 It is likely that local residents will be suspicious of the company’s plans for development in the area.
MAY: The company’s plans for development may be regarded with suspicion by local residents.
 It definitely wasn’t Paul you saw with that girl, because he’s in Glasgow on business! SEEN: You can’t
have seen Paul with that girl, because he’s in Glasgow on business!
 Do you homework first, and then you can go to the cinema, said Jamie’s mother. LONG: Jamie’s
mother agreed to let him go to the cinema as long as he did his homework first.
 Harry thought of throwing a surprise party for Katie’s birthday. CAME: Harry came up with the idea of
throwing a surprise party for Katie’s birthday.
 They are decorating our living room, so the house is a mess. DONE: We are having our living room
done up, so the house is a mess!
 I really hate it when people speak to me like that! BEING: I really object to being spoken to like that!
 I was just about to call him when he rang me instead. POINT: I was on the point of calling him when he
rang me instead.
 The manager gave her secretary strict instructions that no one should be allowed to disturb her. CIR-
CUMSTANCES: Under no circumstances am I to be disturbed! The manager told her secretary.
 Pop in for a chat whenever you are in town. HAPPEN: If you ever happened to be in town, pop in for a
chat.
 Paula has just reached the gate when it began to rain. THAN: No sooner had Paula reached the gate
than it began to rain.
 “Mark wrote that poem, not Ian”, said Helen. IT: According to Helen, it was Mark who wrote that poem,
not Ian.
 Even if it is expensive, they want to stay in the hotel by the beach. MAY: Expensive though it may be,
they want to stay in the hotel by the beach.
 Unless you tell the truth, the school trip will be cancelled. MEAN: Your failure to tell the truth will mean
the cancellation of the school trip.
 Noriko has never been here before, so it is possible that she has got lost. HAVE: Noriko may/might/
could have got lost as/since/because it is the first time she has ever been here.
 “Give me your money or I’ll shoot you!” Said the thief to the old lady. THREATENED: The thief
threatened to shoot the old lady if she didn’t give him her money.
 “I didn’t take the wallet from your bag, Sir, honest!! cried Ronald. DENIED: Ronald denied having taken
the wallet from his teacher’s bag.
 “When you went into the room, Mrs Smith, did you notice anything unusual? Asked the police officer.
REMEMBERED: The police officer asked if Mrs Smith remembered noticing anything unusual when
she went into the room.
 I can’t phone her at this time of the night, it’s too late! LIKE: I don’t like to phone her so late.
 Diane told the police she hadn’t intended to burn her ex-husband’s house down. MEAN: I didn’t mean
to set fire to my ex-husband’s house, Officer. Really!
 Bill succeeded in convincing his wife that she should tell the police what she had noticed. PER-
SUADED: Bill persuaded his wife to tell the police what she had noticed.
 I was surprised when he said he wouldn’t work overtime. REFUSAL: His refusal to work overtime came
as a surprise to me.
 Don’t bother to read that book. WORTH: It’s not worth reading that book.
 Shall I carry your bag for you? LIKE: Would you like me to carry your bag for you?
 He tried very hard to stop smoking. EFFORT: He made a huge effort to give up smoking.
 I found it impossible not to laugh when he said that. HELP: I couldn’t help laughing when he said that.
 If you don’t leave now, you’ll miss the bus. BETTER: You had better leave now or else you’ll miss the
bus.
 I find it difficult to remember names. DIFFICULTY: I have difficulty remembering names.
 They made us clean up the mess. MADE: We were made to clean up the mess.
 She didn’t like the fact that he had been treated so badly. BEING: She objected to him being treated so
badly.
 Although he studies hard, Christopher never does well in his exams. MATTER: Christopher never does
well in his exams, no matter how hard he studies.
 The town council rarely seem to consider the wishes of the residents. INTO: The wishes of the resid-
ents rarely seemed to be taken into consideration by the town council.
 John’s mum said it was his own fault the party was ruined. PLACED: John’s mum placed on him for the
party being ruined.
 I’m sorry I said that your new hat looked like a lampshade. BACK: I take back what I said about your
new hat looking like a lampshade.
 There were a lot of people at the resort, but Mandy still had a great time. FACT: Mandy had a great time
at the resort despite the fact that it was crowded.
 “You left my Mp3 player on the bus, Joe!, shouted Oliver. ACCUSED: Olivier accused Joel of leaving his
Mp3 player on the bus.
 I’m quite sure this is Mary’s car because I’ve never seen another one quite that shade of pink! SO: I’ve
never seen another car quite this shade of pink, so it must be Mary’s.
 Although I’m a good piano player, I’m not a good singer. MAY: I may be a good piano player, but I can’t
sing.
 Sarah promised to cook dinner for us tonight and I’m sure she has. WILL: Sarah will have made dinner
for us tonight, because she said she would.
 “Has Sylvia found a new job yet?” “No, I don’t think so because she hasn’t mentioned anything about it”.
WOULD: “Has Sylvia found a new job yet?” “No, I don’t think so. She would have mentioned something
about it.
 It definitely wasn’t my husband you saw in the club last night. He’s in New York on business. BEEN: It
can’t (or couldn’t) have been my husband you saw in the club last night, because he’s in New York on
business.
 If his temperature increases, I’m going to call the doctor. INTEND: Unless his temperature decreases, I
intend to call the doctor.
 I didn’t have time today so I didn’t have any lunch. HAD: If I had had time I would have had lunch today.
 If William hadn’t advised me to continue, I would have given up. ADVICE: But for William’s advice I
would have given up.
 Drop in and see us if you ever come to Manchester. HAPPEN: Should you happen to come to
Manchester, drop in and see us.
 I was so short that I couldn’t reach the top shelf. WOULD: If I had been taller I would have been able to
reach the top shelf.
 You wouldn’t have to visit the dentist so often, if you ate fewer sweets. CUT: Were you to cut down on
sweets, you wouldn’t have to visit the dentist so often.
 If you went to America, which state would you most like to visit? WERE TO:
1. If you were to go to America, which state would you most like to visit?
2. Were to go to America, which state would you most like to visit?
 If you see Gary in town, can you tell him Jane is looking for him? SHOULD:
1. If you should see Gary in town, can you tell him Jane is looking for him?
2. Should you see Gary in town, can you tell him Jane is looking for him?
 If you eat all your green vegetables, I’ll let you have some dessert. AS LONG AS: As long as you eat all
your green vegetables, I’ll let you have some dessert.
 If you find a brown wallet anywhere with money it, it belongs to me. HAPPEN: If you happen to find a
 brown wallet anywhere with money in it, it belongs to me. OR If you should happen to find a brown...
 If Julian had not intervened, Pete and I would probably have had an argument. BUT FOR: But for Ju-
lian’s intervention, Pete and I would probably have had an argument.
 You wouldn’t have enjoyed the performance even though you were late. EVEN IF: Even if you hadn’t
been late, you wouldn’t have enjoyed the performance.
 This novel stands a very good chance of winning the book prize. HIGHLY: It is highly likely (that) this
novel will win the book prize.
 You really must stay and have dinner with us! Laura said to us. STAYING: Laura insisted on us staying
for dinner.
 If you need me, call me any time, night or day. MATTER: Call me if you need me, no matter what time it
might be.
 I don’t want to be disturbed at all this morning! ACCOUNT: On no account must be disturbed this morn-
ing! (or should be disturbed…)
 If Mark hadn’t told Bella about that letter, we wouldn’t have argued. FOR: Had it not been for Mark
telling Bella about that letter, we wouldn’t have argued.
 We’re going to miss the start of the film if we don’t hurry. TIME: Unless we hurry, the film will have star-
ted by the time we get there.
 “Mr Brown, a holiday would do you good”, said Dr Mansley. FROM: “Mr Brown, you would benefit from
taking/having a holiday” said Dr Mansley.
 We were never aware at any moment that something was wrong. TIME: At no time we were aware that
something was wrong.
 If Gary hadn’t had that accident, he would have become a professional football player. FOR: If it hadn’t
been for that accident, Gary would have become a professional football player.
 We get on very well with Laura’s parents. TERMS. We are on good terms with Laura’s parents.
 This wardrobe is so big that I don’t believe only one person assembled it. HAVE: This wardrobe is so
big that it can’t have been put together by only one person.
 Someone snatched Sue’s bag at the concert. HAD: Sue had her bag snatched at the concert.
 She said she would tell the police about the missing money if I didn’t give her half of it. THREATENED:
She threatened to tell the police about the missing money if I didn’t give her half of it.
 I said I wasn’t responsible for the fire but nobody believed me. DENIED: I denied being responsible for
the fire but nobody believed me.
 It was not the robber’s intention to hurt the woman, but that’s what happened. MEAN: The robber didn’t
mean to hurt the woman, but that’s what happened.
 You will have serious problems with your health if you don’t give up smoking now. STOP: Unless you
stop smoking now, you will have serious problems with your health.
 If he hadn’t had a minor heart attack, he wouldn’t have changed his eating habits. BEEN: Had it not
been for his minor heart attack, he wouldn’t have changed his eating habits.
 Provided you cook vegetarian food, I’ll come round for dinner tonight. MEAT: As long as you don’t cook
meat, I’ll come round for dinner tonight.
 Had it not been for Judy’s advice, I would still be overcooking my vegetables. ADVISING: But for Judy’s
advising me not to, I would still be overcooking my vegetables.
 If you were to exercise two or three times a week, you’d feel much better. SEVERAL: Were you to exer-
cise several times a week, you’d feel much better.
 They believe that Mario failed his exam because he was nervous. DOWN: Mario’s failure in his exam
was put down to the fact that he was nervous.
 “Why didn’t I ask Linda for her phone number? Thought Sam. ASKED: If only I had asked Linda for her
 phone number!” Thought Sam.
 We didn’t think Mr Mason was going to recover; so it was a relief when he did. PULLED: We were re-
lieved when Mr Mason pulled through because we didn’t think he would.
 “I really don’t like what the press are saying about me!” Said Tina. OBJECTED: Tina objected to what
was being said about her by the press.
 “I don’t mind you staying out late, but your father does,” Robbie’s mother told him. RATHER: “It’s your
father, rather than me who minds you staying out late,” Robbie’s mother told him.
 They think that students vandalised the school last night. WAS: It is thought that the school was vandal-
ised by students last night.
 Sally showed absolutely no fear when climbing the wall. DISREGARD: Sally showed absolute disregard
for her own safety when climbing the wall.
 The identity of the murder was never discovered. NEVER: The police never discovered who the mur-
derer was.
 “It’s not a good idea to call Leo just yet,” Valerie told me. AGAINST: Valerie advised me against calling
Leo for a while.
 It was only after I left the office that I realised I had forgotten the file. DID: Only after leaving the office
did I realized I had forgotten the file.
 If I lose this match, people will never let me forget it! LIVE: If I lose this match, I will never live it down!
 Internal Affairs are investigating allegations of police fraud. INTO: Allegations of police fraud are being
looked into Internal Affairs.
 I can’t seem to get this recipe right, even though I have put a lot of effort into it. MATTER: No matter
how much effort I put into it, I can’t seem to get this recipe right.
 If he had not warned me about the hurricane, I wouldn’t have left the mall. HAD: I wouldn’t have left the
mall had it not been for his warning.
 “Congratulations for joining the symphony orchestra!” He said warmly. CONGRATULATED: He congrat-
ulated me on joining the symphony orchestra in a warm manner.
 The Prime Minister should have stepped down months ago. TIME: It was about time that the Prime Min-
ister stepped down.
 All the evidence is pointing at the 27 year old player as the author of the crime. PRESUMED: The 27
year old player is the presumed author of the crime, according to the evidence.
 Fatima’s warm welcome surprised me. ABACK: I was taken aback by the warmth of Fatima’s wel-
come.
 Tom hates parties, so don’t try to persuade him to go. WORTH: It is not worth trying to talk Tom into go-
ing to parties because he hates them.
 “You will have to travel a lot in this job”, the manager told Sofia. INVOLVE: The manager informed Sofia
(that) the job would involve travelling a lot.
 We would have arrived here late if Ravi’s father hadn’t taken us to the bus stop. FOR: Had it not been
for Ravi’s father taking us to the bus stop, we would have arrived here late.
 It is possible that Theresa took your car keys this morning by mistake. ACCIDENTALLY: Theresa could
have accidentally taken your car keys this morning.
 I didn’t recognise Sara until she took off her sunglasses. ONLY: It was only when Sara took off her
sunglasses that I recognised her.
 People say that the hall was built in 1745. SAID: The hall is said to have been built in 1745.
 Although we’ve been friends for a long time, I don’t always understand her. MIGHT: We might have
been friends for a long time, but I don’t always understand her.
 There have been rumours that Peter and Jane are getting married. HAS: It has been rumoured that
 Peter and Jane are getting married.
 They finally got married last year, after being engaged for 12 years. BEEN: When they finally got mar-
ried last year, they had been engaged for 12 years.
 It definitely wasn’t Paul you saw with that girl, because he’s in Glasgow on business! SEEN: You can’t
have seen Paul with that girl, because he’s in Glasgow on business!
 The details of the scandal were only made known to the public later. WERE: Only later were the details
of the scandal made known to the public.
 She left as soon as we arrived. SOONER: No sooner had we arrived than she left.
 The concert had barely started when there was an explosion. BARELY: Barely had the concert started
when there was an explosion.
 You seldom see cormorants in this part of the country any more. DO: Seldom do you see cormorants in
this part of the country any more.
 You mustn’t contact him on any account! NO: On no account must you contact him!
 I have never seen such poor acting! HAVE: Never had I seen such poor acting!
 Gina had scarcely walked into the classroom when her bag split open. HAD: Scarcely had Gina walked
into the classroom when her bag split open.
 No sooner had the fire fighter come out than the building collapsed. JUST: The fire fighter had just
come out when the building collapsed.
 You won’t be allowed into the country until they have checked your passport. WILL: Not until they have
checked you passport you will be allowed into the country.
 Shortly after the phone took off, one of its engines failed. WHEN: Hardly had the plane taken off when
one of its engines failed.
 Tom never apologised for his rudeness to the teacher. APOLOGISE: At no time did Tom apologise for
being rude to the teacher.
 It was only when the bus driver stopped that he realised a passenger was missing. DID: Only when the
bus driver stopped did he realise that a passenger was missing.
 Customers must not go into the restaurant kitchen. ALLOWED: In no circumstances are customers al-
lowed to go into the restaurant kitchen.
 Paula knew nothing at all about who the folder belonged to and why it appeared on her desk. WHOSE:
Paula had absolutely no idea whose folder it was and why it appeared on her desk.
 Naomi said Michael should formally complain about the service they’d had at the hotel. MAKE: Naomi
encouraged Michael to make a formal complaint about the service they’d had at the hotel.
 The stadium was demolished in 2003, and there are still no plans to build a new one. PLACE: The de-
molition of the stadium took place in 2003, and there are still no plans to build a new one.
 Jenny’s achievements impress me much less than her sister’s do. NEARLY: I don’t think Jenny’s
achievements are nearly as impressive as those of her sister.
 Unless someone comes late, we should be able to get through all the points in today’s meeting.
TURNS: As long as everybody turns up on time, we should be able to get through all the points in
today’s meeting.
 I wanted to get a mechanic to service my car before I went on holiday, but I didn’t have time. HAVE: I
would like to have had my car serviced before I went on holiday, but I didn’t have time.
 Chloe would only eat a pizza if she could have a mushroom topping. ON: Chloe insisted on having a
mushroom topping when she had a pizza.
 We’ve talked a lot about Peter’s description of what happened that day at the beach and I’m sure he
wasn’t lying. MUST: We’ve talked a lot about Peter’s description of what happened that day at the
beach and he must have been telling the truth.
 Once Catherine moved to the Finance Department, she soon acquired more responsibilities than she
had ever had in her previous job. LONG: Once Catherine moved to the Finance Department, it wasn’t
long before she took on more responsibilities than she had ever had in her previous job.
 Radford has contributed in a useful way this season but the team would probably be fine without him.
THOUGH: Useful though Radford’s contribution has been this season, the team would probably be fine
without him.
 We could always rely on Maria to challenge our supervisor whenever he became too bossy and de-
manding. STAND: Maria could always be relied on to stand up to our supervisor whenever he became
too bossy and demanding.
 Everyone in the office was really surprised when the manager decided to cancel the meeting. OFF: The
manager’s decision to call off the meeting came as a real surprise to everyone in the office.
 John said that he wouldn’t hesitate to recommend Elaine for the coaching job at Darnell Sports Centre.
HAVE: John said that he would have no hesitation in recommending Elaine for the coaching job at Dar-
nell Sports Centre.
 “I didn’t burn the house down!” said June. ON: June denied setting the house on fire.
 Alison continued to talk for hours about her children. WENT: Alison went on talking about her children
for hours.
 If Jasper hadn’t warned me about the dog, I would have stroked it! WARNING: But for Jasper’s warning
not to touch the dog, I would have stroked it.
 No matter what happens, you mustn’t open this door. ACCOUNT: On no account must you open this
door.
 This is the best opera I have ever seen. HAVE: Never before have I seen such a good opera.
 Timmy and Paul have started a business even though they don’t have any experience. WHOM: Timmy
and Paul, neither of whom have any experience, have started a business.
 I only watched that film because you recommended it to me. NEVER: I would never have watched that
film if you hadn’t recommended it to me.
 It seems as if we misunderstood what the aims of the course were. BEEN: There seems to have been a
misunderstanding about what the aims of the course were.
 The traffic was so bad that there was obviously no way we would get to the theatre on time, so we went
home. STAND: The traffic was so bad that we obviously didn’t stand any chance of getting to the
theatre on time, so we went home.
 Michelle’s brother talks a lot more than she does. NOWHERE: Michelle is nowhere near as talkative as
her brother.
 There’s a rumour that Jordi Marse, the Barcelona manager, has resigned this morning. HANDED: Jordi
Marse, the Barcelona manager, is rumoured to have handed in his resignation this morning.
 I’m sure people will object to the idea of building a new runway at the city airport. BOUND: There are
bound to be objections to the idea of building a new runway at the city airport.
 This beautiful city will charm you as well as entice you to discover its secrets. BUT: Not only will this city
charm you, but it will also entice you into discovering its secrets.
 As soon as we got to the hotel I had a long cool shower. ARRIVED: No sooner had we arrived at the
hotel than I had a long cool shower.
 This is the first time that the Queen’s jewels have been on display. BEFORE: Never before have the
Queen’s jewels been on display.
 You don’t often see such detailed work as this in a public exhibition. IS: Rarely is such detailed work
seen in a public exhibition.
 Whatever you do, don’t drink the tap water, however thirsty you may be. SHOULD: Under no circum-
 stances should you drink the tap water.
 People say that the hall was built in 1745. SAID: The hall it is said to have been built in 1745.
 “Would you mind helping me to carry these boxes upstairs?” said my brother. LIKE: My brother said
that he would like me to help him carry some boxes upstairs.
 John didn’t think that anybody would be interested in his opinions. HAVE: John thought that nobody
would have any interest in his opinions.
 I thought that her fluency in English was really impressive. HOW: I was really impressed by (or with or
that) how fluent she was in English.
 It seems that Claire is the only one who isn’t keen on going to university. THOUGH: It looks as though
everybody apart from Claire is keen on going to university.
 Cinema tickets are ten per cent more expensive than they were last year. INCREASE: There has been
an increase of ten per cent in the price of cinema tickets since last year.
 I was really surprised to bump into Marianne at the airport. LAST: Marianne was the last person I ex-
pected to bump into at the airport.
 I was amazed that John stopped eating meat completely in an attempt to improve his health. GAVE:
Much to my amazement John gave up eating meat completely in an attempt to improve his health.
 Like many students, Joe would find it very difficult to pay for everything he needs if his parents didn’t
help him. ENDS: Like many students, Joe would have great difficulty making ends meet without the
help of his parents.
 My tutor says she’s been too busy to read my essay, but she’ll mark it by the end of the week. ROUND:
My tutor says she hasn’t got round to reading my essay yet, but she’ll mark it by the end of the week.
 You can understand why Andrew’s comments upset Sofia so much. BLAMED: Sofia can’t be blamed for
being upset at Andrew’s comments.
 “I promise I will never tell anyone about the missing files”, said Jenny. WORD: Jenny gave her word that
she would never tell anyone about the missing files.
 I’m sorry now that we didn’t save a bit more money for the holidays. SET: I wish we had set aside a bit
more money for the holidays.
 When people treated Emily like a child, she didn’t like it. RESENTED: Emily resented being treated as if
she was a child.
 Reducing the time we spend on boring paperwork would be good for all of us. INTEREST: It would be in
everybody’s interest if we cut down on the time we spend on boring paperwork.
 My cousins, Joe and Ben, are identical twins and when they were small my dad could never work out
who was who. DIFFERENCE: My cousins, Joe and Ben, are identical twins and when they were small
my dad could never tell the difference between the two of them.
 Stefano thought that no one had done much to prepare for Alicia’s farewell party. THAT: Stefano was
under the impression that little had been done to prepare for Alicia’s farewell party.
 People usually need specific qualifications to get onto the nursing course, but they said they would treat
Maria differently because of her practical experience. EXCEPTION: People usually need specific quali-
fications to get onto the nursing course, but they agreed to make an exception in Maria’s case because
of her practical experience.
 Your books will be despatched on receipt of your order provided they are in stock. SOON: We will des-
patch your books as soon as we receive the order provided they are in stock.
 Because the gym increased its fees last month, I am no longer a member. UP: If the gym hadn’t put up
its fees last month, I would still be a member.
 The driver said that we were delayed because an earlier train had broken down. CAUSED: According to
the driver, our delay was caused by the breakdown of an earlier train.
 It was Sarah’s ideas that enabled us to put on a successful fashion show. FOR: If it hadn’t been for
Sarah’s ideas, we wouldn’t have been able to put on a successful fashion show.
 Leo was the only person in the street who didn’t come to my farewell party. EXCEPTION: Everyone in
the street with the exception of Leo came to my farewell party.
 The concert should have started about three hours ago. DUE: The concert was due to start about three
hours ago.
 Some people have been saying what a good move emigrating would be. ARGUED: It has been argued
that emigrating would be a good move.
 The size of the population is unlikely to change much in the near future. STABLE: The size of the popu-
lation is expected to remain stable in the near future.
 “I think Joe should seriously reconsider his plans”, said the careers advisor. RECOMMENDED: The ca-
reers advisor recommended Joe should seriously reconsider his plans.
 It doesn’t matter if you think you know the subject well, you must revise for the exam. HOWEVER: You
must revise for the exam, however well you think you know the subject.
 It was only after telling everyone that it was his birthday that John got lots of cards. HAVING: John only
got lost of cards after having told everyone it was his birthday.
 However hard she tries, she still manages to offend people. MATTER: It doesn’t matter how hard she
tries, she still manages to offend people.
 Whatever film you want to see will be good for us. MIND: We don’t mind seeing whatever film you want.
 Staying another night would have meant paying more. IF: I would have had to pay more if I had stayed
another night.
 People will always want entertainment, providing that they have the time to enjoy it. LONG: There will
always be a need for entertainment as long as people have the time to enjoy it.
 Scientist have made an unexpected discovery in the treatment of cancer. BREAKTHROUGH: There
has been an unexpected breakthrough in the treatment of cancer.
 I thought very hard but couldn’t remember the answer. RACKED: I racked my brains to remember the
answer.
 I made the decision to go to university after all. DECIDED: What I decided to do was go to university
after all.
 However hard I look, up to now I haven’t been able to find a job. ALTHOUGH: I haven’t been able to
find a job although I have been looking really hard.
 I don’t think my future job prospects are very good, which is very worrying. ABOUT: I am very worried
about my future job prospects.
 Originally, the course was to include music, but that changed. HAVE: Originally, the course was to have
included music but that changed.
 The only thing I didn’t love about the concert was the price. FROM: I loved everything about the concert
except from the price.
 Even if you think you know the person well, you must work at the relationship. HOWEVER: You must
work at the relationship however well you think you know the person.
 It was only when he started to work hard that Peter got good results. AFTER: Peter got good results
only after starting to work hard.
 I planned to visit her on Friday but I heard she’d gone on holiday. WOULD: I would have visited her on
Friday but I heard she’d gone on holiday.
 They were supposed to publish my book next month but it’s been delayed. DUE: Although my book was
due to be published next month, it’s been delayed.
 I’d planned a meeting with her at the weekend but she called it off. GOING: I was going to meet her at
 the weekend but she called it off.
 It’s true that the company might go into liquidation if it’s not careful. DANGER: It’s true that the company
is in danger of going into liquidation if it’s not careful.
 The moment I shouted he ran away. SOONER: No sooner had I shouted than he ran away.
 I’m sure that it was the sound of the rain that disturbed me. MUST: It must have been the sound of the
rain that disturbed me.
 I managed to finish all the homework before the deadline! SUCCEEDED: I succeeded in finishing all the
homework before the deadline!
 I took the only course open to me and changed my job. DID: What I did was change my job, which was
the only course open to me.
 They don’t allow people who arrive late at the opera house in until the interval. ARE: People who arrive
late at the opera house are not allowed in until the interval.
 My application for the job was turned down because I didn’t have the right qualifications. GROUNDS:
My application for the job was turned down on the grounds that I didn’t have the right qualifications.
 The biographer decided to leave out at the less interesting details of the footballer’s childhood. ANY:
The biographer decided not to mention any of the less interesting details of the footballer’s childhood.
 David apologised for being unable to come to the meeting next week. COULD: David said he was sorry
he could not come to the meeting next week.
 Since starting her new job, Charlotte has completely forgotten about the plans she used to have.
SIGHT: Since starting her new job, Charlotte has completely lost sight of the plans she used to have.
 I can never remember dates for anything, even though I really try. MATTER: I can never remember
dates for anything no matter how hard I try.
 The impression his boss has of Jack is that he’s an ambitious person. ACROSS: Jack comes across to
this boss as an ambitious person.
 Casper didn’t mention the fact that we had met before. REFERENCE: Casper didn’t make any refer-
ence to the fact that we had met before.
 It’s none of your business what I choose to do in my free time. NOTHING: What I choose to do in my
free time is nothing to do with you.
 We will let you know if your travel itinerary needs to be changed in any way. NOTIFY: We will notify you
about any change that need to be made to your travel itinerary.
 There was no need for us to rush to the station as our train was delayed. TAKEN: We could have taken
more time getting to the station as our train was delayed.
 David reduced the amount of chocolate he ate, because his doctor advised him to. ADVICE: As a result
of his doctor’s advice David cut down on the amount of chocolate he ate.
 That was the most stimulating lecture on climate change that I’ve ever heard. MORE: I’ve yet to hear a
more stimulating lecture on climate change.
 As soon as the company advertised the job vacancy, the applications came flooding in. HAD: No
sooner had the company’s vacancy been advertised, than the applications came flooding in.
 Some people treat their dogs very cruelly. Some dogs are treated very cruelly.
 This container is light. You can lift it easily. This container is light enough for you to lift.
 I have rarely seen such a beautiful sunset. Seldom have I seen such a beautiful sunset.
 I haven’t enjoyed myself so much for years. It is years since I enjoyed myself so much.
 They really do very little to help their mother. They hardly do anything to help their mother.
 It was raining heavily, so I didn’t walk my dog at all. If it hadn’t been for the heavy rain I would have
walked my dog.
 It is a pity I didn’t meet you brother at the party last week. I would like to have met your brother at the
 party last week.
 Three of my teeth were knocked out in the fight. I had three of my teeth knocked out in the fight.
 I said I was very sorry I hadn’t come to his birthday party. I apologised for not coming to his birthday
party.
 Mark’s father came to live in Poland twenty years ago. Mark’s father has lived in Poland for twenty
years.
 I won’t swim in the lake because it is too cold. The lake is not warm enough for me to swim.
 The only thing Peter and Susan did was to quarrel. They did nothing but quarrel.
 It is a pity you didn’t tell me about the telegram yesterday. If only I had been told about the telegram
yesterday.
 She always demands more even though I give her a lot of money. However much money I give her,
she always demands more.
 I shouldn’t like you to give her my address. I’d rather you didn’t give her my address.
 The game began as soon as Frederick had switched the TV set on. No sooner had Frederick switched
the TV set on than the game began.
 I spent eight years at primary school and then I went to secondary school. After I had spent eight years
at primary school I went to secondary school.
 Jim will only return to our company if Robert is fired. Unless Robert is fired Jim won’t return to our com-
pany.
 There is almost no money left. We are running out of money.
 When we were crossing the Tatras, we couldn’t see Rysy because of the thick fog. But for the thick fog
we could have seen Rysy when we were crossing the Tatras.
 I am positive it was Beethoven who composed this magnificent concert. This magnificent concert must
have been composed by Beethoven.
 One ought never to assume that the enemy is weak. It ought never to be assumed that the enemy is
weak.
 I suggest going to the cinema tonight. What about going to the cinema tonight?
 Please don’t go to that party tomorrow. I’d rather you didn’t go to that party tomorrow.
 The cancellation of the play was unfair to me. It was also inconvenient for everybody concerned. Not
only was the cancellation of the play unfair to me but it was also inconvenient for everybody concerned.
 You should have that black tooth extracted at last. It is about time you had that black tooth extracted.
 I haven’t driven a car before. It’s the first time I have driven a car.
 I last saw Betty when I was a child. I have not seen Betty since I was a child.
 Tom managed to pass the test in physics. Tom succeeded in passing the test in physics.
 Mary didn’t take her mother’s advice and now she is fatally ill. Had Mary taken her mother’s advice, she
wouldn’t be fatally ill now.
 Both Fred and Betty are unhappy. Neither Fred nor Better is happy.
 If I met Ronald Reagan one day, I’d tell him he’d done a good job. Were I to meet Ronald Reagan one
day, I’d tell him he’d done a good job.
 People believe that the University College of Wales is going to award Katamba and honorary doctorate.
John Katamba is believed to be going to be awarded an honorary doctorate by the University College
of Wales.
 Although he has repeatedly promised to help us, I wouldn’t believe him. He may have repeatedly prom-
ised to help us, but I wouldn’t believe him.
 Susan will never lose weight by eating so much. Unless Susan eat less she will never lose weight.
 Although I like her very much, I don’t want to marry her. Much as I like her, I don’t want to marry her.
 I get to work in twenty-five minutes. It takes me twenty-five minutes to get to work.
 She told her husband not to run because of his asthma. She told her husband not to run on account
of his asthma.
 It was unnecessary for you to saw through that tree. You needn’t have sawn through that tree.
 Susan survived the plane crash but she died a natural death two weeks later. Susan survived the plane
crash only to die a natural death two weeks later.
 In order that production may be increased, we must buy new technologies. We must buy new technolo-
gies for production to be increased.
 The value of this Chinese vase is £10.000. This Chinese vase is worth £10.000.
 Bill isn’t able to find a solution. Fred isn’t able to find a solution either. Either Bill or Fred is incapable of
finding a solution.
 The prison walls are very high. Nobody inside can climb over them. The prison walls are too high for
anybody inside to climb over.
 It is pointless to cry over spilt milk. It is no use crying over spilt milk.
 I am certain it wasn’t Professor Blueprint you saw at the discotheque. It can’t have been Professor
Blueprint you saw at the discotheque.
 You must never ever reveal the secret information to anybody. On no account must you reveal the
secret information to anybody.
 Do you expect me to complete the assignment in a week? Am I to complete the assignment in a week?
 The bomb-disposal squad rendered the unexploded shells harm less, took them away and destroyed
them. The unexploded shells were rendered harmless, taken away and destroyed by the bomb-dis-
posal squad.
 Although it was early, he felt ready for bed. Even though it was early, he felt ready for bed.
 Although Mr Brown was over ninety, he continued to smoke fifty cigarettes a day. Despite being over
ninety, Mr Brown continued to smoke fifty cigarettes a day.
 It wouldn’t be a good idea to invite Betty to lunch. You’d better not invite Betty to lunch.
 Whose bicycle is this? Who does this bicycle belong to?
 «What would you say if I offered you a better post, Ron? asked the boss. The boss asked Ron what he
would say if he were offered a better post.
 It is a pity I was not born in the United States. I wish I had been born in the United States.
 There are very few good shops in Warsaw. There are hardly any good shops in Warsaw.
 Professor Brown was crossing the street in his black raincoat when I saw him. I saw Professor Brown
crossing the street in his black raincoat.
 It looks as if Mary’s forgotten my birthday once again. Mary seems to have forgotten my birthday once
again.
 We wish the rain would stop. If only the rain would stop.
 The winter in Moscow is too sever for pickpockets to work in the streets. The winter in Moscow is not
warm enough for pickpockets to work in the streets.
 Henry had toothache because he didn’t use a good toothpaste regularly. If Henry had used a good
toothpaste regularly, he wouldn’t have had toothache.
 I started to get up at 5 a.m. as a regular habit many years ago. I took to getting up at 5 a.m., many
years ago.
 Mary was originally going to buy a blouse, but she bought a fur coat instead. Instead of buying a
blouse, Mary bought a fur coat.
 The south of Poland is drier than the north. There isn’t as much rain in the south Poland as in the
north.
 I managed to persuade him to come with me after several hours of heated argument. Only after several
hours of heated argument did I succeed in persuading him to come with me.
 «Susan resembles her mother», said Mark. Mark told me that Susan took after her mother.
 Janet was so clever that she could do all calculations in her head. Janet was clever enough to do all
calculations in her head.
 I never did anything of that sort. At no time did I do anything of that sort.
 I didn’t have any money on me, so I couldn’t buy you a drink. Had I had some money on me, I could
have bought you a drink.
 I expected the test to be easier than that. The test was not as easy I had expected.
 She was such a beautiful girl that I fell in love with her. She was so beautiful that I couldn’t help falling
in love with her.
 His true name will always remain a secret. No one will ever know his true name.
 We should water the roses. The roses need watering.
 You won’t succeed unless you work hard. Only if you work hard will you succeed.
 It wasn’t a good idea to invite Jim to the reception. Jim should not have been invited to the reception.
 The manager thinks it is not a good design. The manager doesn’t approve of the design.
 You really ought to have your lungs X-rayed. It is high time you had your lungs X-rayed.
 I had a feeling that somebody was following me. I felt as if I were being followed (by someone).
 There is no doubt Margaret will come to Warsaw tomorrow. Margaret is bound to arrive in Warsaw to-
morrow.
 Why doesn’t he write an article himself? I suggest he should write an article himself.
 Brown has no reason to criticize this book. There is no reason why Mr Brown should criticize this book.
 John paid a lot of money to go to Europe. It cost John a great deal of money to go to Europe.
 I’m sure he has finished by now. He must have finished by now.
 Jane entered the room but I didn’t heart that. I didn’t hear Jane entering the room.
 I will agree to take part in the venture provided I am consulted beforehand about the arrangements.
Only if I am consulted beforehand about the arrangements, will I agree to take part in the venture.
 I am sure that she didn’t say that. She can’t have said that.
 Jim couldn’t get to work because of the heavy snow. The heavy snow stopped Jim from getting to work.
 We took a walk to the forest after dinner. After we had finished dinner, we took a walk to the forest.
 In my opinion you shouldn’t tell her about the accident. If I were you, I wouldn’t tell her about the acci-
dent.
 Tom was the first person who read my novel. Tom was the first person to read my novel.
 People say that Mark is an extremely honest man but I would never entrust him with more than five
quid. Although Mark is said to be a man of extreme honesty, I should never entrust him with more than
five quid.
 We have no tea left. We have run out of tea.
 Things went wrong immediately after his death. Hardly had he died, when things went wrong.
 Napoleon may have had certain faults, but cowardice was not one of them. Whatever faults Napoleon
may have had, cowardice was not one of them.
 The drawer is securely locked. I keep my private papers in it. The drawer I keep my private papers in is
securely locked.
 Smoking is not permitted in any part of this building. You must not smoke in any part of the building.
 If you helped me, we would be able to complete the assignment in no time at all. If you gave me a
hand, we would be capable of completing the assignment in no time at all.
 It will be very nice to see you again. I am looking forward to seeing you again.
 It is expensive to dine at that hotel. That hotel is expensive to dine at.
 Poor people are not as happy as rich people. The rich are happier than the poor.
 You really should do it now. It’s time you did it.
 I can’t tell you much. There is very little I can tell you.
 Both of these girls are ugly. Neither of these girls is pretty.
 It is a pity I had to learn Russian at school. I wish I hadn’t had to learn Russian at school.
 My boss didn’t let me leave earlier, so I couldn’t come to your party. If my boss had let me leave earlier,
I could have come to your party.
 Jimmy borrowed my personal stereo last month. I lent Jimmy my personal stereo last month.
 Fred will probably visit Rome next month. Fred is likely to visit Rome next month.
 I don’t know how to approach the problem. I have no idea how to approach the problem.
 As I get to know Mr Smith better, I dislike him more and more. The better I get to know Mr Smith the
less I like him.
 You will succeed if you don’t listen to him. Unless you listen to him, you will succeed.
 “You’d better tell the owner we shall not buy the apartment, if he won’t reduce the price a bit,” said
Tom’s wife. Tom’s wife suggested tell the owner that he should tell the owner that they would buy the
apartment, if the owner would reduce the price a bit.
 Don’t you agree that the progress made in the research on AIDS has been nothing short of phenomenal
lately? The progress made in the research on AIDS seems to have been nothing short of phenom-
enal lately.
 We have not had such a cold winter for many years. Not for many years have we had such a cold
winter.
 The truth didn’t become known until many centuries later. Not until many centuries later did the truth
become known.
 There are fewer cars in Warsaw than in London. There aren’t so many cars in Warsaw as in London.
 I told my assistant to make a few telephone calls. I had my assistant make a few telephone calls.
 The weather was beautiful so we had dinner in the garden. It was such beautiful weather that we had
dinner in the garden.
 I last saw you twenty years ago. I haven’t seen you for twenty years.
 Bill won’t like these cigarettes if they are too mild. Bill will only like these cigarettes if they are strong
enough.
 You don’t work hard so you don’t make much money. You would make a lot of money, If you worked
hard.
 Owing to bad weather, Mr White arrived late. Mr White’s late arrival was due to bad weather.
 How old do you think this palace is? When do you think this palace was built?
 How deep is this lake? What is the depth of this lake?
 I had never been so happy before. I was happier than ever before.
 He lost his driving licence because he was driving under the influence. If he hadn’t been driving under
the influence he wouldn’t have lost his driving licence.
 Rugby has never been one of Mark’s interests. Mark has never been keen on rugby.
 Nobody I know speaks Hungarian. I do not know anybody who speaks Hungarian.
 Take my advice and give it up. Were I you, I would give it up.
 How long have you been reading “War and Peace”? When did you start reading “War and Peace?
 Stephen King always succeeds in scaring his readers. Stephen King never fails to scare his readers.
 It’s a pity I don’t have a new suit to wear to the reception. If only I had a new suit to wear to the recep-
tion.
 John has made more errors than anyone else in the class. No one else in the class has made as many
errors as John.
 People say that our former Foreign Minister was very clever. Our former Prime Minister is said to have
been very clever.
 It was wrong of you to punish the dog so severely. You ought not to have punished the dog so
severely.
 What has happened to John? I wondered what had happened to John.
 I bought this car two years ago. I have had this car for two years.
 Betty will be a good mother. She loves children. Betty will make a good mother. She is fond of children.
 John is one of my good friends. John is a good friend of mine.
 Jim and Robert didn’t go to school at the age of 7. Neither John nor Robert went to school at the age of
7.
 I get tired just looking at it. It makes me tired just to look at it.
 Tom: ”I shall do it again”. Tom has just promised me that he will never do it again.
 My mother does not want me to marry Susan. My mother would rather I didn’t marry Susan.
 I walked out on this girl. This is the girl who I walked out on.
 We should go to work now. It is time for us to go to work.
 It is possible that the bullet missed the target. The bullet might have missed the target.
 There were a lot of people in the room. The room was was full of people.
 The train didn’t come for over an hour. It was over an hour before the train came.
 It would be good if you left us alone. You had better leave us alone.
 The police didn’t capture any of the escaped prisoners. None of the escaped prisoners was captured.
 I think it wise to go to the dentist twice a year. I like to go to the dentist twice a year.
 Providing you don’t drink alcohol, I don’t mind what you do. As long as you don’t drink alcohol, I don’t
mind what you do.
 There hasn’t been any rain here for a month. It hasn’t rained here since last month.
 The son of my sister-in-law is very sick. My sister-in-law’s son is very sick.
 I am sorry to say that we have no news for you. I regret to say that we don’t have any news for you.
 John may want to contact us so we’d better stay where we are. We’ll stay where we are in case John
wants to get in touch with us.
 I don’t like people to make fun of me. I don’t like being made fun of.
 Mary has a bookcase with five shelves. Mary has a five shelf bookcase.
 The salary of a university professor is not always higher than a salary of a sweeping lady. The salary of
a university professor is sometimes lower than that of a sweeping lady.
 She must do it, which is a shame. If only she didn’t have to do it.
 She didn’t like coffee, but she drank it to keep herself warm. Even though she didn’t like coffee, she
drank it to keep herself warm.
 John is simply the best. John is second to none.
 I am not accustomed to sleeping in the afternoons. I am not in the habit of sleeping in the afternoon.
 His acting was very poor last night. He gave a very poor performance last night.
 The only thing she can’t eat is beetroot. She can eat everything but beetroot.
 This book is too difficult for me. As far as I am concerned, this book is too difficult.