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Detecting Outliers
Detecting Outliers
difficult.
• It is easy since there are several
relatively straightforward tests for
Detecting Outliers the presence of outliers.
• Analyze
• Descriptive
Statistics
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Calculating Z-scores
This opens a window that allows us to select
variables to have boxplots made for.
• Save standardized
values as variables
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Calculating Z-scores
Expected output:
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Calculating Z-scores:
Looking for Outliers
The z-scores (standardized scores) will show as a
new variable in the Data Editor window:
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Dealing with Outliers
Outlier tests are an iterative process.
1. Check most extreme value for being an outlier.
2. If it is, remove it.
3. Check for the next extreme value using the
new, smaller sample. It is smaller because the
first outlier was removed.
4. Repeat the process.
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Detecting Outliers:
Interquartile Range and Box Plots
Procedure for
Identifying Outliers:
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Detecting Outliers:
Interquartile Range and Box Plots
• In the Display section,
make sure Both is
selected. This provides
both Statistics and Plots.
• Click on your variable (e.g.
technology), and move it
into the Dependent
list box. Consider a factor
(e.g. Gender of the
Respondents) and move
to Factor List.
• Click Statistics.
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Detecting Outliers:
Interquartile Range and Box Plots
• Click on Descriptives
and Outliers.
• Then click Continue.
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Detecting Outliers:
Interquartile Range and Box Plots
• Click on Plots.
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Detecting Outliers:
Interquartile Range and Box Plots
• Click on Histogram.
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Expected Outputs
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Expected Outputs
• Descriptive table provides with an
indication of how much a problem
associated with these outlying
cases.
• The expected value is the 5%
Trimmed Mean.
• SPSS removes the top and
bottom 5 per cent of the cases
and calculated a new mean value
to obtain this Trimmed Mean
value.
• Compare the original mean and
the new trimmed mean. If these
two mean values are very
different, then there’s a need to
investigate the data points further.
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Expected Outputs
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Expected Outputs
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Expected Outputs
Inspect the
Boxplot whether
SPSS identifies
outliers. These
outliers are
displayed as little
circles with a ID
number attached.
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