Aspirin Poisoning

It is also known as salicylate poisoning. Toxicity from aspirin poisoning can occur following acute

ingestion or from chronic ingestion that results in increased serum concentration of salicylate

compounds.

Clinical Features

In an acute aspirin poisoning, the signs and symptoms vary depending on the amount of drug

ingested. In low doses, nausea, vomiting, and generalized abdominal pain are common symptoms.

The classic symptom is tinnitus following relatively lo doses. Higher doses can lead to the damage of

basement membranes in the brain and lungs leading to the development of cerebral and pulmonary

edema respectfully. Metabolic disorders may exacerbate the symptoms and lead to respiratory failure

classically seen when the patient showings signs of tachypnea and hypotension. Death may result if

left untreated via cardiac arrest.

Management

Conservative management

- Administer activated charcoal or perform gastric lavage to eliminate the source of the aspirin

toxicity.

- Administer fluids in particular 5% dextrose with 3 ampules of sodium bicarbonate if severe

central nervous system signs are present. Potassium can be supplemented if hypokalemia is

present. The goal is to achieve a urine output of 2 to 3 mls per kilogram per hour.

Definitive Management

- In severe situations where conservative management is insufficient, mechanical ventilation

maybe indicated to ensure respiratory support. Additionally, hemodialysis may be required to

correct the metabolic derangements. seizures can follow severe symptoms and therefore the

patient can be given benzodiazepines to limit the frequency of seizures.