Lecture 7 - Section 12-7 - Part 2 - (Blank)

EN PH 131 (EB02) – Lecture 7 – Part 2
– Jan. 20th, 2023
Chapter 12.7 cont. (Kinematics of a Particle)
Prof. Charlebois (Dr. C)

Special Cases of Motion
There are some special cases of motion to consider.
1) The particle moves along a straight line.
r ® ¥ => an = v 2 r = 0 => a = at = v
The tangential component represents the time rate of change in the
magnitude of the velocity.
2) The particle moves along a curve at constant speed.

at = v = 0 => a = an = v 2 r
The normal component represents the time rate of change in the
direction of the velocity.
3) The particle changes speed along a curve.
𝑎! = 𝑣̇ ≠ 0 ⟹ 𝑎 = 𝑎" = 𝑣 #/𝜌
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Special Cases of Motion cont.
4) The tangential component of acceleration is constant, 𝑎! = 𝑎! c
In this case,
s = so + v ot + (1 2 )( at )c t 2
v = vo + ( a t )c t
(v o ) + 2 ( at )c ( s - so )
2
v2 =
As before, so and v o are the initial position and velocity of the

particle at t = 0. How are these equations related to projectile
motion equations?
5) The particle moves along a path expressed as y = f ( x ).

The radius of curvature, r , at any point on the path can be
calculated from é1 + ( dy dx )2 ù
3 2
r = ë û
d 2 y dx 2
Three-Dimensional (3D) Motion
• “Space Curve”: A curve may pass through any region of

3D space, in contrast to a “plane curve” where the curve
must lie on a single plane (2D)
• Example of a space curve (helical motion):
x
y
3D Motion cont.
If a particle moves along a space curve,
the n-t axes are defined as before. At any
point, the t-axis is tangent to the path and
the n-axis points toward the center of
curvature. The plane containing the n-t
axes is called the osculating plane.
A third axis can be defined, called the

binomial axis, b. The binomial unit vector,
ub , is directed perpendicular to the osculating
plane, and its sense is defined by the cross product
ub = u t ´ un .
There is no motion, thus no velocity or

acceleration, in the binomial direction.
Concept Quiz (Your Turn!)
1. A particle traveling in a circular path of radius 300 m has an
instantaneous velocity of 30 m/s and its velocity is increasing at a
constant rate of 4 m/s2. What is the magnitude of its total
acceleration at this instant?
A) 3 m/s2 B) 4 m/s2
C) 5 m/s2 D) -5 m/s2
2. If a particle moving in a circular path of radius 5 m has a velocity
function
v = 4t 2m/s,
what is the magnitude of its total acceleration at t = 1 s?

A) 8 m/s2 B) 8.6 m/s2
C) 3.2 m/s D) 11.2 m/s2
Example #1
Given: A car travels along the road

with a speed of v = (2s) m/s,
where s is in meters.
r = 50m
Find: The magnitude of the car’s

acceleration at s = 10 m.
Plan: 1) Calculate the velocity when s = 10 m using v(s).

2) Calculate the tangential and normal
components of acceleration and then the
magnitude of the acceleration vector.
Example #1- Solution
Example #1- Solution cont.
Example #2 Two
Given: A boat travels around a circular

path, r = 40 m, at a speed that
increases with time,
v = (0.0625 t 2 ) m/s.
Find: The magnitudes of the boat’s

velocity and acceleration at
the instant t = 10 s.
Plan: The boat starts from rest (v = 0 when t = 0).

1) Calculate the velocity at t = 10 s using v (t ).
2) Calculate the tangential and normal components of
acceleration and then magnitude of acceleration vector.
Example #2 - Solution Two
Example #2 – Solution cont. Two
Concept Quiz (Your Turn!)
1. The magnitude of the normal acceleration is
A) proportional to radius of curvature.
B) inversely proportional to radius of curvature.
C) sometimes negative.
D) zero when velocity is constant.
2. The directions of the tangential acceleration and velocity
are always
A) perpendicular to each other. B) collinear.
C) in the same direction. D) in opposite directions.
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EN PH 131 (EB02) – Lecture 7 – Part 2

– Jan. 20th, 2023

Chapter 12.7 cont. (Kinematics of a Particle)

Prof. Charlebois (Dr. C)

2) The particle moves along a curve at constant speed.

3) The particle changes speed along a curve.

As before, so and v o are the initial position and velocity of the

5) The particle moves along a path expressed as y = f ( x ).

• “Space Curve”: A curve may pass through any region of

A third axis can be defined, called the

There is no motion, thus no velocity or

what is the magnitude of its total acceleration at t = 1 s?

Given: A car travels along the road

Find: The magnitude of the car’s

Plan: 1) Calculate the velocity when s = 10 m using v(s).

Given: A boat travels around a circular

Find: The magnitudes of the boat’s

Plan: The boat starts from rest (v = 0 when t = 0).

This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is

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