B.Se.

(CS)TY
Unit I-1ntroductio

UnitI
Introduction

Introduction
*

to .Net Technology & Framework

Dot Net (Net) is not a programnming language, it is plat form introduccd by Microsoft to
a
develop various kinds of applications.jMicrosoft began developing Net framework in the late
1990. under the name of NGWS (Next Generation Windows
Services). By late 2000, the first
beta version 1.0 was released.
Net framework includes large class
a
library called as a FCL (lPrame work Class Library).
Program written for .Net framework exccules in environment called an as CLR (Common
Language Runtime). FCL and CLR together constitute .Net framework.
Microsoft produces an 1DE (lntegratcd Development Environment) lor Net software
ralled as Visual Studio. Net framework iead to a family of .Nct platlorms targeting mobile
computing, embedded devices, operating systems and so on.

Overvicw of .Net Framewvork

Version Number CLR Number Release Date

1.0
Development Tool_
1.0 13h Feb 2002 Microsolt Visual Studio Net
24h April 2003 VS.Net 2003
2.0 2.0 7h November 2005 VS 2005
3.0 2.0 6th November 2006 Expression Blend
3.5 2.0 19th November 2007 VS 2008
4.0 4.0 12 April 2010 VS 2010
4.5 4.0 15 August 2012 VS 2012
4.5.1 4.0 17th October 2013 VS 2013
4.5.2 4.0 5th May 2014 VS 2013 Update 1
4.6 4.0 20th July 2015 VS 2015
4.6.1 4.0 30h November 2015 VS 2015 Update 1
4.6.2 4.0 2 August 2016 VS 2015 Update 2
4.7 4.0 5 April 2017 VS 2017
4.7.1 4.0 7 October 2017 VS 2017
4.7.2 4.0 30th April 2018 VS 2017
4.7.3 4.0 Developing VS 2018
4.8 4.0 Developing VS 2019 (Planning)

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oduction Sc.(CS)
B.Sc.(CS) TY

Types of Framework-
Application

CE platfo n. (E.g.
Windows
Framework Type on
Sr. No. Compact P'ramework
It is
available

Microwayve
Smartphone) devices. (E.g.
cmbedded
in
It is uscd
Micro Framework
Oven) plug-1n.
Web Browser
It is used for and game
Silverlight operating system
for smartphone
lt is used
4 Mono l'ramework
engines.
Cloud Computing,
Core Framework It is used in

* .Net Architecture- to
platform introduce by Microsoft
is
programming language, it
a
Dot Net (.Net) is not a

develop various kinds of applications.

Following model shows .Net architecture,

VB C CJScript
Common Language Speciflcation

ASP.NET Windows Forms

ADO.NETandXML
Base Class Lbray
Compnon Language Runtime
OperatingSystem

1).Net Languages
Net technology supports different types of languages such a[ CH/VB,) etc. to develop
various types of applications.

CTS and CLS are parts of.NET CLR and are responsible for type- safety within the code.

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2) CLS-
Common Language Specificatioh and it is subset o/CTSI defines
a a
CLS stands for
under NET framcwork.
set of rules and restrictions that every languagemust follow which runs

3) CTS-
lt stands for Common Type Specification. CTS defines how data types are declared, usedb
and managed in the runtime. t facilitates cross-language integration. he rules delined in CTS
can be used to define your own classes and values.

4) a) ASP.NET-
ASP.NET is used to creale dynamic Web applications and is the successor lo ASP.

Fons the forms generator for Wcb applications in ASP.NET and

1) Web are

replaces Visual Interdev.

such
2) Web services are part of ASP.NET and beneficial for open standards,
as

HIIP and XML, to publish public functions to the Internet.

6) Windows Forms -

client-side applications and it is similar to the

Windows Forms is the form generator for
visual basic forms. Here, we perform GUI based activities.

c) Console Based Application-

Console applications have been available to C base programmers and uselu! for text

based activities.

5) a) ADO.NET -

It provides support for data access in Microsoft .NET. It standls lor ActiveX Data Object.

b) XML- It stands for Extensible Markup Language. XML is the temporary data storage of the
database used for web applications.

6) Class library-
The NET Framework includes a set of standard class libraries. These class libraries
implement a large number of common functions, such as file reading and writing, graphic

rendering, database interaction, and etc.

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 Unit I-1ntrodu ction .Sc.(CS)
B.Sc.(CS) TY
built in classes
Most 0f the
hierarchy of
namespaces.
in a 1s divided into two
T he class library is organized The class library
namespaces.
cither System, or
Microsoft.
arepart ofl Library.
Framework Class
parts: the Base Class Library and the
and refers to
of the BCL classes
It is a superset
Class Library (FCL)
-

ramework the Windows

a) libraries, including
It includes an expanded set of
class library.
(WPF), Language lntegrated
the entire
Foundation
and Windows Presentation
Foms, ASP.NET. (WCF), and
Workflow Foundation
Foundation
Query (.NQ), Windows Communication

(WF).
class library. For
Base Class Library (BCL) small subset of the entire
It includes a
b)
-

reside in mscorlib.dll,
.NET Framcwork most classes considered being part of BCL
System.dll and System.Core.dl

7) Common Language Runtime (CLR)

the CLR to take of
It is he heart of the .NET framework. It is the responsibility of care

the code exccution of the program. The CLR is a runtime engine that handles memory
allocation, security, code verification, type verification, exception handling, and garbage
collection.

8) Operating System -

It is a system software, which acts as an interface between computer user and computer
hardware. Operating system supports to CLR to execute .Net applications.

*IntelliScense-
IntelliScnse is a code completion tool that is built into Microsoft Visual Studio. Auto
completing is
way toone offer a productive and
programmer friendly user interface to
programmers and IntelliSense feature of Visual Studio .NET is one of them.

It provides following features,

1)-List Members-
A list
of valid)members from a type appears after you type a
continue typing characters, the list is filtered to period character (.). If you
include only the members that
characters. After selecting an item, you begin with those
can insert it into your code by
a space. pressing Tab or by typing
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 btion
BSc.(CS) TY Unit 1-Introduction

In the member list, the icon to the lelft represents the type of the member, such as
namespace, class, function, or variable. You can invoke the List Members leature manually by
typing Ctrl I J, choosing Edit > 1IntelliSense> List Members, or by choosing the List Members
button on the editor toolbar.

buttonl
Acces sibilityObject
AccessibleDefaultActionDescript
AccessibleDescription
AccessibleName
AccessibleRole string ButtonBase.Text
AllowDrop
Anchor
AutoElliptis
AutoScrollOffset

2) Parameter Info -

Parameter Info gives you information about the number, names, and types of paramelers
required by a method. The parameter in bold indicates the next paramcter that is required as you

type the function.

HessageBox . Show(|

A 1 of 21 System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult Messageß ox.Show(string text)

Displays a message box with specified text.
text: The text to disploy in the messoge box

You can manually invoke Parameter Info by choosing Edit > IntelliSense > Parameter

by choosing the Parameter Info button on the editor

Info, by pressing Ctrl + Shift+ Space, or

toolbar.

3) Quick Info -

Quick Info displays the complete declaration for any identifier in your code. When you
select a member from the List Members box, Quick Info also appears.
You can manually invoke Quick Info by choosing Edit > IntelliSense > Quick Info, by

the Quick Info button on the editor toolbar.

pressing Ctrl + I, or by choosing

escege5o
dass System.Windows.Forms.Messageßox
that inform and instruct the user.
Displays a message box that can contain tet, buttons, and symbols

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6Win
)
B.Sc.(CS) 7Y
function
name after vos
u
or

4) Complete Word variable,

command,
Complete Word by
rest ofa
invoke
the You can

Complete
Word completes the term.
or by choosing the
disambiguate
Ctrl + Space,
characters to
Chtercd enough
Word, by pressing
C >
IntelliSense>
Complete
choosing Fdit
button on the editor toolbar.
Complete Word

C#.NE1,
with
*Project Types that can be created
the different projects
roloWIngare
some
ne

) Console applications
2) Windows Applications
3) Webapplicationis
4)Webservices
5) Class library
6)Windows Control Library
7) Weh Control Library

1) Consolc Application
-

console window same as a C and

A console application is an application that runs in a

interface. Console Applications will have

C++ program. It doesn't have any graphical user

character based interface.

2) Windows Applic:ation
It is a form based standard desktop application for common day to day tasks such as
inventory management system, college management system and many more.

3) Web Application
It is
client-server computer program which the client runs in a web browser.
a
Common
web applications include webmail, online retail sales, online
auctions, and many more.

4) Web services
Web services are web
applications that provide services to other applications over the
internet. Web service is a language
independent of way communication.

5) Class Library
ClassLibrary contains classes, intertaces, and value
applications. A Class library cannot be executed and thus it does types
to be used inside other
not have any entry point.
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roduction Unit I- Introduction
B.Sc(CS) TY

6Windows Control Library-

Windows Control Library contains user defined windows controls lo be used by
Windows applications.

7) Web Control Library

defined web controls to be uscd by web applications.
Web Control Library contains user

* Common Language Runtime (CLR) -

of
the responsibility ol the CLR to take care
It is the heart of the NET framework. It is
a runtime engine that
handles memory
the code execution of the program. The CLR is
verification, exception handling, garbage collection
allocation, security, code verification, type ww

and many more.

the component structure of Common Language Runtime

Following are

Common Language Runtime

Base Class Library Support

Thread Support COM Marshaler

Type Checker Exception Manager

Security Engine Debug Engine

IL to Native Code Garbage

Compilers ManagerT Collector

Class Loader

1. Class Loader -

It is used to load all the classes at runtime for execution of .Net application.

2. MSIL to native Compiler-

It is a JIT (Just-In-Time) compiler; it will convert MSIL code to native code.

3. Code manager
It manages the code during execution.

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5.Output Window
6. Solution F
7.Proper
roduction Unit I-Introduction

B.SefCS)
TY
5. Output Window

6. Solution Explorer
7. Properties Window

bndm*dta1

A u

twiwo

***

1. Menu Bar -

at the top of the scrccn below the title bar,

It is a horizontal bar, typically located
containing drop-down menus.

2. Standard Toolhar-
contains butlons that are bound to
A standard toolbar is a horizontal or vertical strip that
commands.

3. ToolBox -

controls or components that you can drag and

The Toolbox window contains a list of
different
onto your design surface. The
Toolbox window contains several tabs that make
drop
on the type of designer active in the
editor window. To
sets of components available, depending
the Visual Studio .NET menu bar.
view the Toolbox window, select View, Tolbox from

4. Forms Designer
When you create a new project that is a Windows application, Visual Studio .NET will
open the project in Designerview, The Form Designer is usually the windows.in the middle of
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 Unit I- 1ntroducti
(s)
S
B.Sc.(CS) TY
representation cof
that contains
the design-tume

menu
the
environment
Irom the vView
Visual Studio NET
the
also select the Designer option put
application's form object. You can

the project in Designer view.

5. Output Window -
teatures in the integrated
status messages
for various
1he Output window can display
window, on the menu bar, choose
development environment (IDE). To open the
Output
View/Output (or click CTRL + ALT + 0).

6. Solution Explorer-
Solution Explorer is a tool window in the Visual Studio integrated development
environment (1DE) that displays the contents of a solution, which includes the solution's projects
and each
project's items.
In Visual Studio .NET, a solution is a set of one or more projects that are part of the same

applicatioi1. Tlhe Solution Explorer window shows you an expandable list of projects, cach
project's references, and cach project's
components. If this window is closed, you can open it by
selecting the View. Solution Explorer menu item.
Components may be made up of forms, classes, modules, and
to create any other file tyypes it takes
your application. Double-click an item in order to edit that item within the IDE.

7) Propertics Window
Use this window to view
and change the
objects that are located in editors and design-time properties and events of selected
menu. You can also
designers. You can find
Properties Window on the View
it
open by pressing F4.
Once this window is
visible,you can either view the list
attribute. Some
properties within this widow can be selected alphabetically or categorized by
click a button that from a list; others
brings up a dialog box. Still others allow you to
text box. require you to supply text by
typing into a

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B.Sc.(CS) TY
Unit 1- Introduction

Java vs C# -

Java CH (Sharp)
1) Java object-oriented programming 1) C# is an object-oricnted programming
is an

Sun- language developed by Anders Hejlsberg for

language developed by James Gosling for
Microsystem in 1996 Microsoft around 2000.
concept of operator
2) Java does not support concept of operator 2) CH supports
overloading. overloading.
3) Java does notsupportconceptof delegates. 3) CH supports concept of delcgates.
4) Java uses JVM (Java Virtual Machine). 4) C# uses CLR (Common Language
Runtime).
5) Java supports only signed integer type. 5) CH supports both unsigncd and signed
integer types.
6) Java does not support concept of Cross 6) CH supports coincept of Cross language
language interoperability. interoperability.
7) Java has no preprocessor directives. 7) C# supports few preprocessor directives.
8) in Java, the switch salement can have only 8) In C#, the switch statement can have both

integer expression. integerand string expression.

9) Java provides less data typcs as compared to 9) CH provides more dala types as compared to
CH. Java.
10) Java doesi't lhave enumerations, but can 10) C# supports enumerations.

specify a class to emulate them.

11) Java does not support thestrut type. 11)C# supportsthestrut type.
12) Java allows parameters to be passed by 12) CH# allows paramcters to be passed by
value. reference by using the relkeyword.
13)Java does notsupport goto statement. 13) C# supports goto statement.
14) Java does not support events and delegates.| 14) C# does not support events and delegates.
15) Java has no language support for a decimal | 15) C# has language support lor a decimal

type type.

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Unir VI- Dutabase Connectivity

Unit VI
Database Connectivity
* Introduction ADO.Net-

ADO
stands for ActiveX Data Obiects. ADO.NET is a database technology
ewoTK o or ne
used to connect application system and database server ADO.NET is a part
.NET Framework. ADO.NET consists
ofa set of classes used to handle dala
acces
The
following figure shows the ADO.NET objects at a
glance

Connection

Command
Application Data Source

DataReader

DataSet DataAdapter

Figure- ADO.Net Architecture

System.Data namespace is the core of ADO.NET and it contains classes used by all data
providers.

1) Data Providers
A key component of an ADO.NEJ is Data l'rovidcr. The Data Providcr classcs arc meant
to work with different kinds of data sources They are used to perform all
data-management
operations on specific databases.
The Net Framework includes nainly three Data PrOviders for ADO.NET.
They are the
Microsoft SQL Server Data PrOvider, OLEDB Data Provider and ODBC Data
Provider. SOL
Sérver uses the SqIConnection object, OLEDB uses the OleDbConnection
Object and ODBC
uses Odbc Connection Object respectively.

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 B.Sc:(CS) T
Connection
Source.
Data
connection to the
to it properly,
log on
2) Connection
physical and to
Connection Object provides the data
source
The recognize
i n f o r m a t i o n to

the necesary
string.
object needs a
connection

information is provided through

this
executed
to be
3) Command- statement or stored procedure
pcrform SQL can be
uses to methods that
The Command Object number of Execute
provides a
Data Source The command object
at the fashions.
to perform the SQL. queries
in a variety of ExecuteScalar (
used ADO.NET command object are
methods of
Different exccute fetches only a single object.
ExecutcNonQuery ().
ExecuteScalar )
XecueReader (). rows and loads to DataReader.
ExecuteReader ) fetches result set with multiple
for insert, update and delete.
ExecuteNonqucry () Cxecutes SQL statements

4) DataRcader-
retrieval of query
The DataReader Object is a stream-based, forward-only, read-only
Iesults from the Data Source, which do not update the data. DataReader requires a ive

connection with the database.

51 DataAdapter-
DataAdapter Ohject populates a Datasct Object with results from a Dala Source. It is a
special class whose purpose is to bridge the gap between the disconnected Dataset objccts and
the physical data source.

6) DataSct -

DataSct class provides mechanisms for managing data when it is disconnected from the
data source It is completcly independent fromthe Data Source, DataSct provides much greater
flexibility when dealing with related Result Sets.

*Advantages of ADO.Net -

ADO.Nct olfers several advantages; some of them are listed below,

1)Scalability -

ADO.NET provides
full support for disconnected data
access., In this type of data access,
most of the time the data we are
working with is not connected to a data sourc
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Maintcunolbility Uge N-tie+ application Iogrc ace
rhdsls NdoeRE Coooecuoeotg, So/te
ta
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 B.Sc(CS)TY EotammibilitySttongly ty ped datu &egsy to wtrle Code
because mictosot Ufsucd Stu Unit Vi- Datubuse
Connectivity
2) Data Source dio-0et feameuootk PEOuides
Independence- Stademernd opioMS
The fundamental object that holds data in AD0.NET
is object of the class Data Set.
an
This class is present in the
SOurceand
namespace.System.Data. DataSet is completely indepcndent of data
a
no way DataSct controlled by the data source as it
is
happens in case of RecordSet.
3)Interoperability
As ADO.NET transmits the data using the format of XML which is not
ADO.NET or windows platform. dependent on

4) Performance
Less processing time is needed for data conversion in the
case of ADO.NET, as data
lransmission occurs via XML. Tlhis iesults in better per formance of the busincss application that
is developed with the help of ADO.NET.

5) Firewall-
AS in ADO.NET transmission is via XML
format, there fore il can pass th1rough fiiewalls.

6) XML
ADO.NET programs take
can
advantagc of the flexibility and broad acccptance of
Extensible Markup I.anguage (XMI.). XML is the
format for transmitting datasets across the
network, so any component that can read the XML format
can process data.

Developing a Simple ADO.NET Based Application -

Consider college.mdb database is created in MS-Access with Student
table,

Ficld Data Type

RN Auto Number
Name lext
F'ees Number

RN Name Fees
Amol 1000
Dalaji 2000
Chetan 3000

Table -Student (Design and Data Sheet

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 Unit VI-DatabaseConnectivity

B.Sc.(CS) 7 table depending

upon
Student
record from
will remove
an application that
rogram-Develop

roll number

Unit 6

Simple ADO.NET Application

RN

Delete

Property Table-

Control Property
Name Text
Labell RN
textBox txt_rn
button btn_delete Delete
button2 btn exit Exit

using System.Data.OleDb;

namespace simpleADO

public partial class Forml: Form

public Form1()

InitializeComponent( )

private void btn_delete_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

OleDbConnection con = new OleDbConnection ("Provider = Microsoft.Jet.oledb.4.0;

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B.Sc.(CS) TY
Unit VI- Datubase Connectivity

Data Source d:llcollege.mdb")

con.Open)0
string query = "delete from student where m= " txt m.Text;

OleDbCommand cmd new OleDbCommand(query, con),

cmd.Execute NonQuery( ):
MessageBox.Show( "Record is deleted");
con.Close)

private void btn_exit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

Application.Exit( );

Retrieving & Updating Data from Tables

a) Retrieving Data from Table

The SQL SELECT statement returns a result set of records from one or more tables.

retrieving data lrom database.

Program - Write a program for demonstration of accessing or

Simple ADO.NET Application

RN
2

Name- Balaj Search

Fees 2000

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 Unit VI- Database
B.Sc.(CS) TY
Connectivity
Property Table -

Control Property
Name Text
Labell RN
Labell Name
Labell Fees
textBox1 txt_rn
textBox2 tXt_name
textBox3 Ixtfees
buttonl btnsearch Search

using System.Data.OleDb;

namespace database Demo

public partial class Forml: Form

public Form1()

InitializeComponent( );

private void btn _search_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

OleDbConnection con =
new OleDbConnection ("Provider
Microsoft.Jet.oledb.4.0;
=

Data Source =

d:|lcollege.mdb"):
con.Open()
string query= "select *
from student where rn =" +
txt_rn.Text;
OleDhCommand cmd= new OieDbCommand(query, con);
OleDbDataReader dr cmd.ExecuteReader( );
=

if(dr.Read(O)
txt_name.Text = dr["name"].ToString();

txt_fecs.Text=dr["fees"].ToString();
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 Unit VI- Dutubuse Connectivity

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else

MessageBox.Show("Record not found");

txt_clear( )

con.Close( ):

b) Table Updating-

An SQL UPDATE statement changes the data of one or more records in a table.

Program Write a program for demonstration of modifying or updating data from database.

Updating Data
RN

Name

Fees

*****

Update Ext

Property Table-
Control Property
Name Text

Labell RN

Label2 Name
Fees
Label3
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 Unit VI-Database Connectivit

B.Sc(CS) T textBox INt rn

t N t name
textBox2
textBox3 txt fees
buttonl btn_update Update
Exit
button2 btn_exit

using System. Data.OleDb,

namespace updateData

public partial class Forml: Form

public Forml()

InitializeComponent( :

privale void btn_update_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

OlcDbConnection con =
new
OleDbConnection("Provider Microsoft.Jet.oledb.4.0;
=

Data Souree =

d:\\college.mdb")
con.Open()
string query= "update student set name =" "+ txt name.Text "
+ '
fees= + Ixt fecs.Text +"' where rn ="
"

+ txt rn.Text +" "

OlcDbCommand cmd new
OleDbCommand(query, con);
=

d.ExccuteNonQuery( );
MessagcBox.Show("Record is updated");
con.Closc( ):

private void btn_cxit

Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
Application.Exit()

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 Unit VI-Databuse Connectivity
B.Sc.(CS) TY
Disconnected Data Access through Dataset Objects-
The ADO.NET Framework supports two models of Data Access Architeclure, connected
and disconnected modes.
A connected mode of in ADO.Net is in
unde
operation one
which the connection to the
yng database is alive throughout the lifetime of the
operation. Meanwhile, a disconnected
s operation is one in which ADO.Net retrieves data from the underlying database, stores
the data retrieved
etrieved temporarily in the memory, and then closes the connection to the database.
0.Net provides a new solution by introduce a new component called Dataset. The
h e central component in the ADO.NET Disconnected Data Access Architecture. It
Old multiple tables at the same time. DataSets only hold data and do not interact with a
Data Source.
onnection Oriented Data Acces, when you read data lrom a
Datakeader
dalabase by using a
object, an open
connection must be maintained between your application and
Data Source.
Unlike the DataReader, the DataSet is not connected the
through a Connection object when dircctly to a Data Source
t
you populate it.
is the
c
DataAdapter that manages connections between Data Source and Dataset by fill
data irom Data Source to the Dataset and giving a disconnected
DataAdapter acts as a bridge behavior to the Dataset. The
between thhe DataSet and Data Source.

Program Write a
program for demonstration of disconnected data
dataset object.
access through

Databasejconnecuyity

Disconnected Mode
RN Name Fees
Ano 1000
Balaj 2000
**
Chetan 3000

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 Unit VI- Database Connectivity
B.Sc.(CS) 7Y

using System.Data.OleDb:

namespace disconnectedAccess

1Forml: Form
public partial class

public F'ormI()

InitializeComponent( );

private void l'orml_Ioad(object sender, EventArgs e)

OlelDbConnection con = new OleDbConnection("Provider = Microsoft.Jet.oledb.4.0;

Data Source =

d:\\eollege.ndb");
con.Open( ):
stringquery= "select * from student";

OleDbDataAdapter da =
new
OleDbDataAdapter(query, con);
DataSct ds =
new DataSet( );
da.Fill(ds. "student");
dataGrid Vicw1.DataSource ds. T'ables|"student"];
con.Close( ):

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 B.C.A. Third Year VI Semester
Windows Programming (BCA-604-A)
Theory Question Bank

1. What are the different IDE components? Explain.

2. Explain in detail .NET framework.
3. Explain .Net architecture in details.
4. What is Common Language Runtime (CLR) in detail.
5. What is intellisense? Explain.
6. Explain Custom Type System(CTS) in .Net.
7. Differentiate between Java & C#.net.
8. What are the project types in Visual studio? Explain.
9. What are the important classes used in Windows Application?
10. Write short notes on button, checkbox & radio button.
11. Explain TextBox and Label Control.
12. Explain Listbox, combobox control.
13. Explain Menus and Dialog boxes.
14. Explain functions in C#.net
15. Explain call by value and call by reference with example.
16. Explain out parameter with example
17. What is Array? Explain.
18. Explain array list class & its methods.
19. What is Jagged array? Explain
20. Explain in detail properties & methods in C#.net.
21. Explain indexers with example.
22. Explain delegates & multicast delegates.
23. Differentiate between delegates & multicast delegates.
24. What is ADO.Net? Explain
25. What are advantages of ADO.Net?