MRI REPORT

SUBMITTED TO- SUBMITTED BY-

Mrs.Grace M. Singh Mr. Himanshu Tiwari

Associate professor M.Sc.Nursing 1st year
HCN, SRHU HCN, SRHU
 Definition

Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is a test that uses powerful magnets, radio waves ,and a computer to make detailed pictures inside the
body. Doctor or a physician can use this test to diagnose or to see how well the patient responded to treatment. UnlikeX-rays and computed
tomography (CT) scans, MRIs do not use the damaging ionizing radiation of X-rays.
 Facts About MRI

 MRI scanning is a non-invasive and painless procedure.

 Raymond Damadian created the first MRI full-body scanner,which henick named the Indomitable.

 The cost of a basic MRI scanner starts at $150,000 but can exceed several million dollars.

 Japan has the most MRI scanners per capita,with 48 machines for every 100,000 citizens.

Purpose of MRI?
A MRI helps a doctor diagnose a disease or injury,and it can monitor how well you are doing with a treatment. MRIs can be done on
different parts of the body. It'sespecially use ful for looking at soft tissues and the nervous system.

Principles of MRI-

1. MRI is based on the principle of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)

2. Two basic principles of NMR-
 Atoms with odd numberof protons havespin ( like hydrogen1 ,carbon 12 , Iron 19 ,sodium23 etc ) act as good
MRnuclei
 Any moving particle which hase it herpositive or negative charge produces magnetic field
3. Hydrogen which is a bundantly present in our body in the form of water&fat–so MRI uses these properties of hydrogen to
produce an Image
 4. Basically MRI is HYDROGEN (PROTON) IMAGING

INDICATION-

 Most ailment so fabrain including tumors

 Sports injuries

(Kneejoint)
 (Anklejoint)
 Musculo skeletal problems

 Spinal conditions/injuries
 Vascular abnormalities
 Gynecological conditions
 Prostate pathologies
 Soft tissue pathologies

(Breastconditions)
A MRI of the brain and spinal cord looks for:

 Blood vessel damage

 Brain injury
 Cancer
 Multiple sclerosis
 Spinal cord injuries
 Stroke

A MRI of the heart and blood vessels looks for:

 Blocked blood vessels

 Damage caused by a heart attack
 Heart disease
 Problems with the structure of the heart

CONTRAINDICATIONS-

 Cardiac pacemaker
 Claustrophobia
 (Fearofclosedspaces)
 Ferromagnetic an eurysmal clips
 Cochlear implant
 Intraocular foreign bodies
 Vena-cava filters and embolisationcoils
Procedure-

An MRI scanner contains two powerful magnets. These are the most important parts of the equipment.

The human body is largely made of water molecules, which are comprised of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. At the center of each atom lies
an even smaller particle called a proton,which serves as a magnet and is sensitive to any magnetic field.

Normally, the water molecules in the body are randomly arranged, but on entering an MRI scanner, the first magnet causes the water
molecule sto align in one direction, either north or south.

These cond magnetic field is the turned on and off in a series of quick pulses, causing each hydrogen atom to change its alignment when
switched on and then quickly switch back to its original relaxed state when switched off.

Passing electricity through gradient coils,which also cause the coils to vibrate,creates the magnetic field,causing a knocking sound inside
the scanner.

Although the patient cannot feel these changes,the scanner can detect the,inconjunction with a computer,can create a detailed cross-
sectional image for the radiologist.

Preparation-

Very little preparation required,for MRIscan.

  On arrival at the hospital,doctors may ask the patient to change into a gown.As magnets are used,it is critical that no metal

objects are present in the scanner.The doctor will ask the patient to remove any metal jewellery or accessories that might

interfere with the machine.

A person will probably be unable to havean MRI if they have any metal inside their body,such as bullets, shrapnel, or other metallic

foreign bodies.This can also include medical devices, such as cochlearimplants, aneurysm clips,and pacemakers.

 Individuals who are anxious or nervous about enclosed spaces should tell their doctor. Often they can be given medication

prior to the MRI to help make the procedure more comfortable.

 Patients will sometimes receive ani njection of intravenous(IV) contrast liquid to improve the visibility of a particular tissue that is

relevant to the scan.

 Once the patient has entered the scanning room, help them onto the scanner table to lie down. Staff will ensure that they are as

comfortable as possible by providing blankets or cushions.

 Ear plugs or headphones will be provided to block out the loud noises of the scanner.The latter is popular with children,as they can list

entomusic tocal many anxiety during the procedure.

During an MRI scan

1. Once in the scanner, the MRI technician will communicate with the patient via the intercomto make sure that they are

comfortable.They will not start the scan until the patient is ready.

2. During the scan,it is vital to stay still. Any movement will disrupt the images, much like a camera trying to take a picture of a

moving object. Loud clanging noises will come from the scanner. Thisis perfectly normal.Depending on the images,at

times it may be necessary for the person to hold their breath.

3. If the patient feels uncomfortable during the procedure, they can speak to the MRI technician via the intercom and

request that the scan be stopped.

After an MRI scan

After the scan,the radiologist will examine the images to check whether anymore are required. If the radiologist is satisfied, the patient

can go home.
Side effect-

It is extremely rare that a patient will experience side effects froman MRIscan.

However, the contrast dye can cause nausea,headaches,and pain or burning at the point of injection in some people.Allergy to the
contrast material is also seldom seen but possible,and can cause hives or itchy eyes. Notify the technician if any adverse reactions occur.

People who experience claustro phobia or feel uncomfortable in enclosed spaces sometime sex press difficulties with under going an
MRI scan.

Identification data of the patient-

Name-Mr. Narendra Singh Rawat

Age-52years old

Gender-Male

Address-Battonwala Dehradun

IPD No.-2903371

Date of admission-06-05-2023
Specialty-Neurology

Consultant-Dr.Goyal Deepak

Wardno-304

Diagnosis-Cervical Myelopathy

Chief complaints-

 Weakness in all four limbs

 Constipation 10days

History of present illness-

Patient was apparently well since 15years back when he started consuming alcohol and smoking at the same time. Firstly he used to
take on monthly or weekly basis but later on he started to consume it on regular daily basis. But there was no complaints at that time.

Later on he started to feel weakness in his lower limbs and upper limbs as well. Since 3 weeks he is taking alcohol and smoking on
regular base is very much,on a higher amount.

Now he is admitted to Himalayan Hospital for the treatment. Here he underwent MRI and diagnosed as Cervical Myelopathy.
History of past illness-

 Medical history-There is no medical history of diabetes and hypertension.

 Surgical history-There is no previous history for any surgical intervention.

MRI Scan of the patient-

Multiplanar imaging of the cranium was done on 06-06-2021 and report was collected.

Impression findings

Findings are suggestive of-

 Residual mass
 Pneumocephalus

Note-bilateral ethmoid and left maxillary sinusitis

-Dr.Yudhishthir Dr.ManjuSaini,MD

Juniorresident-II Professor,Radiology
 Conclusion

MRI creates cross-section pictures of your insides. But MRI uses strong magnets to make the images – not radiation.An MRI scan
takes cross-sectional slices (views) from many angles, as if someone were looking at a slice of your body from the front,from the
side, or from above your head. MRI creates pictures of soft tissue parts of the body that are sometimes hard to see using other
imaging tests.

References

1. American College of Radiology/Radiological Society of North America. Radiology Info. Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) Body.
February12,2014. Access ed at www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=body mr on November13,2015.

2. Hricak H, Akin O, Bradbury MS, et al. Advanced imaging methods: Functional and metabolic imaging.In: DeVita VT, HellmanS, RosenbergSA,
eds.Cancer:Principles&PracticeofOncology. 7thed.Philadelphia, Pa:LippincottWilliams&Wilkins; 2005:589-720.

3. LittleJB, GrdinaDJ. Ionizing radiation. In: KufeDW, Bast RC, HaitWN, et al,eds. Cancer Medicine.7th ed.
Hamilton,Ontario:BCDecker;2006:270-282