METABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES

DR.SYEDA ASIYA
 Metabolism
● Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in an
organism
● Cellular metabolism – chemical reactions within a cell
○ Provides energy for
■ Homeostasis
■ Metabolic turnover – break down and replacement of cell parts
■ Growth and division
■ Secretion
■ Contraction
■ Propagation of action potentials
An Introduction to Cellular Metabolism

Figure 25.1
 Catabolism

● Catabolism is the break down of organic substances

● Releases energy used to make ATP
● Initial steps occur in the cytosol producing smaller molecules but little ATP
● Molecules enter the mitochondria where significant amounts of ATP is
produced.
● 60% of the energy released in catabolism is released as heat.
● 40% of the energy is used to make ATP
 Anabolism
● Anabolism is the synthesis of new organic molecules and aids functions such
as:
○ Ciliary movement
○ Contraction
○ Active transport
○ Cell division
● Anabolism uses the energy produced by catabolism
● New organic compounds are formed:
○ To perform structural maintenance or repairs
○ To support growth and repair
○ To produce secretions
○ To build nutrient reserves – mostly glycogen stored in the muscle cells
and liver
Metabolic Turnover and Cellular ATP Production

Figure 25.2
 Cells and Mitochondria

● Overview
○ Cells provide small organic molecules for their mitochondria
○ Mitochondria produce ATP used to perform cellular functions
○ The production of ATP within the mitochondria involves two
pathways:
■ TCA Cycle
■ Electron Transport System
Nutrient Use in Cellular Metabolism

Figure 25.3
An Overview of Metabolism
GLYCOLYSIS
and
Metabolism of
Other Monosaccharides
 OUT LINE OF CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM
PROTEIN / LIPID
OTHER SUGARS SI
DIET E NE
H UN

G
EO
M T
SH

ON
P

U C
GL
GLUCOSE S GLYCOGENESIS GLYCOGEN
GLYCOLY

(AEROBI
GLYCOGENOLYSIS
SIS Co2
C)
(ANAEROBIC)
GLYCOLYSIS

12 ATP
PYRUVIC ACID ACETYL COA TCA CYCLE
OR
LACTIC ACID COR

CYC
LE
I’S

GLUCOSE H 2O