Performance Testing Of A Single-Cylinder Four-Stroke Engine

Name: Aditya Ravindra Pillai Roll No: ME20BTECH11002

Aim: To observe the change in volumetric and brake thermal efficiency of a single-cylinder four-stroke engine
when weight is varied.
Procedure:
1. Turn on the engine.
2. Set the dynamometer load to 1kg, 2.5kg, and 3.5kg for subsequent experiments.
3. Once the dynamometer load is configured at 1kg, adjust the fuel consumption rate using the knob to
manipulate the throttle valve.
4. Ensure the engine's RPM remains constant for each load by adjusting the throttle valve; in this case,
maintaining it at 1950 RPM.
5. Measure the fuel consumption rate using a stopwatch and a 12cc tube, taking three readings for accuracy.
6. Repeat the experiment with the additional load of 2.5kg, 3.5kg.
7. Tabulate the collected data and compute the Fuel Consumption Rate, Brake Power, Specific Fuel
Consumption, Brake Thermal Efficiency, and Volumetric Efficiency for analysis.
Formulas:
2πNT
Brake Power (BP) = 60 × 1000
𝑥
Fuel Consumption (FC) = 𝑡
𝐹𝐶
Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) = 𝐵𝑃
𝐵𝑃
Brake Thermal Efficiency (𝜂𝐵𝑃 ) = 𝐹𝐶 × 𝐶𝑉
𝐴𝑖𝑟 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤
Volumetric Efficiency (𝜂𝑉𝑜𝑙 ) = × 100
𝑉𝑠 × 𝑁 × 𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑠 × 𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 × 60

Calculations:
Given Data:
Arm length diameter (L) = 185 mm
Airflow = 93 kg/hr
x = 12 mL, Speed (N) = 1950 rpm
Cylinder - 1
Calorific Value of Petrol (CV) = 43500 KJ/Kg
Specific Gravity of Petrol (𝜌𝑝𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙 ) = 0.74
Bore Diameter (B) = 875 mm
Stroke Length(S) = 110 mm 𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 = 1.225 kg/m3

• For Mass = 1kg:

Weight = 1 x 9.81 = 9.81 N
Torque (T) = Load × Arm length diameter
= W × L = 9.81N ×185 mm = 1.815 Nm
 2πNT 2π×1950×1.815
Brake Power (BP) = 60 × 1000 = = 0.371 KW
60 × 1000
𝑥 12 ×3600 ×0.74
Fuel Consumption (FC) = mL/s = kg/hr
𝑡 26 ×1000

= 1.2295 kg/hr
𝐹𝐶 1.2295
Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) = 𝐵𝑃 = 0.371

= 3.32 kg/kw.hr
𝐵𝑃 0.371 × 3600𝑠
Brake Thermal Efficiency (𝜂𝐵𝑃 ) = =
𝐹𝐶 × 𝐶𝑉 1.2295 × 43500

= 0.0249
𝜋 𝜋
Vs = 4 (Bore)2(Stroke length) = (87.5 × 10-3)2(110 × 10-3) m3 = 0.0006615 m3
4
𝐴𝑖𝑟 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤
Volumetric Efficiency (𝜂𝑉𝑜𝑙 ) = 𝑉𝑠 × 𝑁 × 𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑠 × 𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 × 60
93
= = 0.981
0.0006615 × 1950 × 1 × 1.225 × 60

Table:
Speed
Load(kg) Time(s)
S No (RPM) FC BP SFC
1 1 1950 26 1.229538 0.370033 3.323 0.0249 0.981
2 2.5 1950 25 1.27872 0.925083 1.382 0.0599 0.981
3 3.5 1950 24 1.332 1.295117 1.028 0.0805 0.981

Graphs:

Brake Power Vs Brake thermal Brake Power Vs Volumteric

effeicency effieciency
0.1 1.2
VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY
BREAK THERMAL EFFICIENCY

0.08 1
0.8
0.06
0.6
0.04
0.4
0.02 0.2
0 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
BREAK POWER (KW) BREAK POWER

Result: As the load rises while keeping a consistent RPM, there is an observed escalation in the fuel
consumption rate. This phenomenon occurs due to the increase in energy demand necessary to sustain the
RPM under increased load conditions. Furthermore, as the load increases, the thermal efficiency of the engine
experiences a rise, while the volumetric efficiency remains unaltered.