Question 1.

1:

2.5, 2.8, 2.8, 2.9, 3, 3.3, 3.4, 3.6, 3.7, 4, 4.4, 4.8, 4.8, 5.2, 5.6

Solution:
a) Sample size = 15
b) X̄ = ∑ixi /n= 56.8/15= 3.786666667
c) Median = (n+1)/2 because sample is odd
Median=3.6
d)

x Dot plot
3.4 1
2.8 1
4.4 1
2.5 1
3.3 1
4 1
4.8 1
5.6 1
5.2 1
2.9 1
3.7 1
3 1
3.6 1
2.8 2
4.8 2

e) 20% Trimmed mean =33.3/9 =3.7

f) Sample mean is less descriptive as the center of location
Mean is 3.78 and the median is 3.6 and trimmed mean is 3.7

Question 1.2:
18.04,18.71,18.92,19.25,19.29,19.44,19.77,20.17,20.33,20.50,21.12,21.41,2
Solution:
a)
X̄ = ∑ixi /n=408.01/20=20.4005
The median is the average of the 10th and 11th values:
Median=20.50+21.122/2
Median=20.81
b)
To compute the 10% trimmed mean, first, calculate the number of observations to trim (10% of 20):
0.1×20=20.1×20=2
Trimmed data: 19.29,20.17,19.44,20.50,18.92,20.33,21.77,21.12,21.41,21.81,22.11,22.43
=331.89/16=20.743
c)

x Dot Plot
18.71
21.41 1
20.72 1
21.81 1
19.29 1
22.43 1
20.17 1
23.71 1
19.44 1
20.5 1
18.92 1
20.33 1
23 1
22.85 1
19.25 1
21.77 1
22.11 1
 19.77 1
18.04 1
21.12 1

f) The mean (20.4005), median (20.81), and trimmed mean20.743.

They are reasonably close, there is no strong evidence of outliers.
Question 1.4:
Company A: 6.5, 6.7, 6.8, 7.0, 8.0, 8.5, 8.7, 8.8, 9.2, 9.3
Company B: 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 10.1, 10.2, 10.2, 11.0, 11.0
Solution:
a)
Company A: X̄ = ∑ixi /n= 79.5/10= 7.95
Median A=8.0=8.5/2=8.25
Company B: X̄ = ∑ixi /n=102.6 /10= 10.26
Median B = 10.1=10.2/2=10.15
b)
Plot Data:

A B
9.3 11
8.8 9.8
6.8 9.9
8.7 10.2
8.5 10.1
6.7 9.7
8 11
6.5 11.1
 9.2 10.2
7 9.6

The plot data shows that Company B rod are more flexible
Question 1.5:
Control group: 7 3 -4 14 2 5 22 -7 9 5
Treatment group: -6 12 37 5 9 5 4 4 3 3
Solution:
a)
Treatment group:

-6 1
5 1
9 1
4 1
4 2
12 1
37 1
5 2
3 1
3 2
Control group:

C
7 1
3 1
-4 1
14 1
2 1
5 1
22 1
 -7 1
9 1
5 2

Chart Title
2.5

1.5

0.5

0
-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25

Control group

Chart Title
2.5

1.5

0.5

0
-10 0 10 20 30 40

Treatment group
b)
Control Group:
Mean: X̄ = ∑ixi /n= (7 + 3 - 4 + 14 + 2 + 5 + 22 - 7 + 9 + 5) / 10 = 56 / 10 = 5.6
Median:
-7, -4, 2, 3, 5, 5, 7, 9, 14, 22 =5
10% Trimmed Mean: (2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9) / 5 = 26 / 5 = 5.2
Treatment Group:
Mean: X̄ = ∑ixi /n= (-6 + 12 + 37 + 5 + 9 + 5 + 4 + 4 + 3 + 3) / 10 = 76 / 10 = 7.6
Median: -6, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 9, 12, 37=5
10% Trimmed Mean: (3 + 3 + 4 + 4 + 5 + 5 + 9 + 12) / 8 = 45 / 8 = 5.625
c)

 The mean is sensitive to extreme values. In the treatment group, the value of 37 is relatively high,
influencing the mean to be higher than the control group mean. This might suggest a larger
overall reduction in cholesterol for the treatment group.
 The median is less affected by extreme values. In this case, both groups have a median of 5,
indicating a similar middle value for both groups.
 The 10% trimmed mean also reduces the impact of extreme values but is less robust than the
median. In this case, the 10% trimmed mean for the treatment group is slightly higher than that of
the control group.