VOCABULARY 7B

LESSON 21
WORD COLOR CHART EXPLANATION SEGMENT
goods 43-13-33-26 Products and materials in general that people buy. Intro
electronic devices 3-37-4-39-25-40-5-30-3-39
33-3-32-15-27-55 Electronic instruments or products, such as computers, stereos, cell phones, etc. Intro
whereas 56-12-40-1-26 While at the same time. While on the contrary. Intro
intangible 3-30-25-1-30-49-6-41-47 Incapable of being seen or perceived by the senses. Intro
banking 41-1-46-39-53 The business of a bank. The occupation of a banker. Intro
involved 3-30-32-5-37-32-33 Included, engaged, or connected closely to. Intro
consumers 39-58-27-10-29-48-26 A person that consumes, or acquires goods or services for direct use. Intro
willing 38-3-37-53 The act of being ready, decided, or determined to do something gladly. Intro
profit 24-40-5-31-3-25 The money received after paying all the operating expenses of a business. Intro

EXPRESSION COLOR CHART EXPLANATION SEGMENT

stay in business 27-25-16 3-30 41-3-26-30-3-27 To continue operating a business. Intro

LESSON 22
WORD COLOR CHART EXPLANATION SEGMENT
challenging 45-1-37-58-49-53 The act of using one's abilities in a difficult but stimulating effort. 1
enterprise 4-30-25-48-24-40-15-26 A business organization. A company. 1
raise 40-16-26 To gather together, to collect. 1
start up capital 27-25-9-40-25 2-24 39-1-24-3-25-47 The amount of money that is required to start a new business. 1
borrowing 41-5-40-17-53 To obtain or receive money or something else with the promise of returning it. 1
savings and loans 27-16-32-53-26 1-30-33 37-17-30-26 Financial institutions specialized in accepting savings, deposits and making loans. 1
invest 3-30-32-4-27-25 To commit (money or capital) in order to gain more money in a financial return. 1
investors 3-30-32-4-27-25-48-26 A person who invests capital in order to obtain financial earnings. 1
marketing strategies 29-9-40-39-3-25-53
27-25-40-1-25-3-49-11-26 Strategies to concentrate resources on the best opportunities for increasing sales. 1
target customers 25-9-40-43-3-25 39-2-27-25-6-29-48-26 People who will surely buy from your business after having studied their needs. 1
in addition to 3-30 6-33-3-44-58 25-10 As well as. Along with. 1
revenue 40-4-32-6-30-10 All the money or income produced by a particular source. 1
minus 29-15-30-6-27 Reduced by the subtraction of. Less. 10 – 5 = 5 (10 minus 5 = 5). 1
costs of production 39-5-27-25-27 2-32 24-40-6-33-2-39-44-58 The sum of the cost of the resources in a business, such as labor, capital, or land. 1
profit margin 24-40-5-31-3-25 29-9-40-49-3-30 A measure of profitability. It is calculated by finding the net profit of the revenue. 1
expenses 3-51-24-4-30-27-55 The money spent from a business to pay employees, the investment of resources. 1
labor 37-16-41-48 Workers considered as a group. 1
assets 1-27-4-25-27 A valuable item that is owned. 1
equipment 3-50-3-24-29-58-25 Something with which a person, an organization, or a thing is equipped. 1
inventory 3-30-32-58-25-14-40-11 A detailed report of things in one's possession, like goods and materials in stock. 1
machinery 29-6-44-11-30-6-40-11 Machines or machine parts considered as a group. 1
payroll 24-16-40-17-37 The total sum of money to be paid out to employees at a given time. 1
benefits 41-4-30-6-31-3-25-27 A payment made in accordance with a wage agreement, insurance or public assistance program.
added 1-33-54 Joined, increased in size to form a sum. Opposite of “subtracted”. 1
subtracted 27-6-41-25-40-1-39-25-54 Taken away as of a sum of money. The opposite of “add”. 1
income 3-30-39-2-29 The money received during a period of time in exchange for labor or services. 1
EXPRESSION COLOR CHART EXPLANATION SEGMENT
to aim for 25-10 16-29 31-14-40 To determine a course or direct an effort. E.G. I will aim for the supervisor’s position.1

LESSON 23
WORD COLOR CHART EXPLANATION SEGMENT
competitors 39-57-24-4-25-3-25-48-26 The people who compete with other businesses. 2
techniques 25-4-39-30-11-39-27 The systematic procedure by which a complex or scientific task is accomplished. 2
percentage 24-48-27-4-30-25-3-49 A fraction or a proportion in relation to a whole. “%”. 2
additional features 6-33-3-44-6-30-47 31-11-45-48-26 Additional aspects, quality, or characteristics. 2
customer service 39-2-27-25-6-29-48 27-7-40-32-3-27 The service provided to a customer before and after a purchase. 2
quality control 50-5-37-3-25-11 39-58-25-40-17-37 A process that reviews the quality of finished manufactured products or of workers. 2
overcome 17-32-48-39-2-29 To defeat (another) in competition or conflict; to conquer. 2
item 15-25-57 A single article or unit of a product. 2
employer 4-29-24-37-20-48 The person or company that hires a worker. 2
employees 4-29-24-37-20-11-26 A person who works for another in return for financial or other compensation. 2
staff 27-25-1-31 A group of workers, assistants to a manager, executive, or someone in authority. 2
working conditions 38-7-40-39-53 39-58-33-3-44-58-27 The conditions of a company in which workers carry on their tasks. 2
wages 38-16-49-55 Salaries or payment for labor or services to a worker. 2
perks 24-7-40-39-27 Privileges given to employees. 2
shorthanded 44-14-40-25 42-1-30-33-3-33 Not having enough at the moment. 2
emergency fund 3-29-7-40-49-58-27-11 31-2-30-33 A sum of money or other resources set aside in case of an emergency. 2
legal advice 37-11-43-47 1-33-32-15-27 Legal opinion about what could or should be done in a situation or problem; counsel. 2
employment laws 4-29-24-37-20-29-58-25 37-14-26 The area of law that covers all aspects of employer and employee relationship. 2
government / ( 43-2-32-48-30-29-58-25 /
regulations 40-4-43-36-6-37-16-44-58-26 ) Laws set by the government that determine how businesses and industry should run. 2
profitable 24-40-5-31-3-25-6-41-47 That gives profit; advantageous. Economically beneficial. 2
meeting 29-11-25-53 To come into conformity with the views, wishes, or opinions of a counterpart. 2
fail 31-16-37 To be unsuccessful. 2
task 25-1-27-39 A function or activity to be performed; an objective. 2

EXPRESSION COLOR CHART EXPLANATION SEGMENT

along the way 6-37-14-46 34-6 38-16 On the way. During an operating period of time. 2
go out of business 43-17 19-25 2-32 41-3-26-30-3-27 To close down a business permanently. 2

LESSON 26
WORD COLOR CHART EXPLANATION SEGMENT
face 31-16-27 Confront, encounter. Intro
sought 27-14-25 Today “seek” , yesterday “sought”. Looked for. Intro
unemployment 2-30-4-29-24-37-20-29-58-25 Having no job. The state of not being employed. Intro
wages 38-16-49-55 Salaries. Intro
contributions 39-5-30-25-40-6-41-18-44-58-26 Things given. Intro
EXPRESSION COLOR CHART EXPLANATION SEGMENT
comes about 39-2-29-26 6-41-19-25 Occurs, happens. Intro

WORD COLOR CHART EXPLANATION SEGMENT

school term 27-39-10-37 25-7-40-29 The period of time that students have classes year round. 1
outings 19-25-53-26 An excursion for pleasure. Going to a park, mountains, beach, having fun and eat. 1
parades 24-6-40-16-33-26 A public procession. 1
speeches 27-24-11-45-55 When a person talks about something publicly or in front of an audience. 1
even though 11-32-58 34-17 Although (with emphasis). 1
recognize 40-4-39-6-43-30-15-26 To accept as true. Your boss always recognizes your hard work. 1
accomplishments 6-39-5-29-24-37-3-44-29-58-25-27 Something completed successfully. 1
farmlands 31-9-40-29-37-1-30-33-26 Lands that are used for farming. 1
laborers 37-16-41-48-48-26 All the working people are considered laborers. 1
endured 3-30-33-13-40-33 To carry on through, to continue in existence despite hardships. 1

EXPRESSION COLOR CHART EXPLANATION SEGMENT

been given 41-3-30 43-3-32-58 That you have received. That someone gave you. 1

LESSON 27
WORD COLOR CHART EXPLANATION SEGMENT
sunup 27-2-30-2-24 The time of sunrise. When the sun comes up. 2
dingy 33-3-30-49-11 Dark and dirty. 2
froze 31-40-17-26 Today “freeze”, yesterday “froze”. 2
sweltered 27-38-4-37-25-48-33 To suffer from the heat. 2
President Martin / 24-40-4-26-6-33-58-25 29-9-40-25-58 /
Van Buren 32-1-30 41-36-7-40-58 The 8th President of the U.S.A. from 1837-1841. 2
workday 38-7-40-39-33-16 The part of the day, or the period of time which a person works. 2
safer 27-16-31-48 More secure. With less danger. 2
met 29-4-25 Today “meet”, yesterday “met”. Satisfied completely. Fulfilled. 2
strikes 27-25-40-15-39-27 To stop work by employees, to demand their employer better working conditions. 2
employers 4-29-24-37-20-48-26 The person or people that hire a worker. 2
demands 33-3-29-1-30-33-26 Things that are formally requested by a worker or group of workers. 2
havoc 42-1-32-6-39 Devastation or destruction. 2
Knights of Labor 30-15-25-27 2-32 37-16-41-48 The 1st Labor organization of the U.S.A. formed in 1869. 2
passwords 24-1-27-38-7-40-33-26 Secret words or codes used to enter a place. You need a password to login to facebook. 2
Peter J. McGuire 24-11-25-48 49-16 29-6-43-38-15-40 He was the President of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters. 2
United Brotherhood / 18-30-15-25-54 41-40-2-34-48-42-13-33
of Carpenters 2-32 39-9-40-24-58-25-48-26 A labor Union for Carpenters. 2
spirits 27-24-3-40-3-25-27 The feelings of a group. Strong loyalty or dedication. 2

EXPRESSION COLOR CHART EXPLANATION SEGMENT

might very well 29-15-25 32-12-40-11 38-4-37 Probably. 2
to turn to 25-10 25-7-40-30 25-10 To rely on. To seek for. Children turn to parents when they have problems. 2
stay away 27-16 6-38-16 In this case it means “to be absent”. 2

LESSON 28
WORD COLOR CHART EXPLANATION SEGMENT
dramatized 33-40-1/5-29-6-25-15-26-33 To make more dramatic. To act in a dramatic form. 3
President Grover / 24-40-4-26-6-33-58-25 43-40-17-32-48
Cleveland 39-37-11-32-37-58-33 The 22nd and 24th President of the U.S.A. (1885-89 and 1893-97) 3
bill 41-3-37 A proposed law. 3
leadership 37-11-33-48-44-3-24 The ability to lead a group of people. 3
Samuel Gompers 27-1-29-18-38-47 43-5-29-24-48-26 A leader of the American Federation of Labor (A.F. of L.) 3
craft unions 39-40-1-31-25 18-30-36-58-26 Labor unions for plumbers, carpenters,etc. Craft= skills or ability to work with hands.3
plumbers 24-37-2-29-48-26 People who install or repair pipes. 3
cigar makers 27-3-43-9-40 29-16-39-48-26 People who make cigars. 3
the like 34-6 37-15-39 Like the others, similar to the previous ones. 3
steel 27-25-11-37 Steel is a metal. The frame of the chairs in the classroom are made of steel. 3
coal 39-17-37 A mineral used for energy. It is also used as fuel on trains. It is related to carbon. 3
means 29-11-30-26 Course of action. Way. Studying is the only “means” of passing exams. 3
funds 31-2-30-33-26 Money that is set aside for special purposes. 3
bargaining 41-9-40-43-58-53 Negotiating. 3
toil 25-20-37 Work. Workers are recognized for their hard “toil”. 3

EXPRESSION COLOR CHART EXPLANATION SEGMENT

made up 29-16-33 2-24 Composed of. Mexico is “made up” of 31 states and 1 Federal District. 3
to deal with 25-10 33-11-37 38-3-35 To take action. To confront and take action in different problems or situations. 3

LESSON 31
WORD COLOR CHART EXPLANATION SEGMENT
entrepreneurial 5-30-25-40-6-24-40-6-30-13-40-11-47 Willing to take risks in order to make a profit. Intro
spirit 27-24-3-40-3-25 A person as characterized by a stated quality Intro
approaches 6-24-40-17-45-55 The method used in dealing with or accomplishing Intro
ushered 2-44-48-33 To lead or conduct Intro

WORD COLOR CHART EXPLANATION SEGMENT

builders 41-3-37-33-48-26 People that build. People that have accomplished things to be admired. 1
dreamers 33-40-11-29-48-26 People that have dreams, and accomplish them sooner or later. 1
wealth 38-4-37-35 An abundance of valuable material possessions or resources; riches. 1
railroads 40-16-37-40-17-33-26 A system of railroad track, together with the land and stations. 1
shipping 44-3-24-53 The act or business of transporting goods. 1
ferry 31-4-40-11 A ship or boat where passengers or goods are transported across a river, bay by a ferryboat. 1

borrowing 41-9-40-17-53 To obtain or receive (something) on loan with the promise or understanding of returning it.1
masted 29-1-27-25-54 Having a mast or pole at which a flag is flown. A masted boat. 1
freight 31-40-15-25 Goods carried by a vessel or vehicle, especially by a commercial carrier; cargo. 1
Long Island Sound 37-14-46 15-37-58-33 27-19-30-33 An arm of the sea that extends inland to meet the mouth of a river in New York. 1
steamboat 27-25-11-29-41-17-25 A steamship, especially one used on rivers and other inland waterways. 1
campaign 39-1-29-24-16-30 An operation or series of operations energetically pursued to accomplish a purpose.1
real estate 40-11-37 3-27-25-16-25 Land, including all the natural resources and permanent buildings on it. 1
gold rush 43-17-37-33 40-2-44 A rush or movement of migrants to an area where gold has been discovered. 1
(ocean going / 17-44-58 43-17-53 /
steamships) 27-25-11-29-44-3-24-27 A ship especially for sailing in the deep ocean. 1

EXPRESSION COLOR CHART EXPLANATION SEGMENT

attributed to 6-25-40-3-41-18-25-54 25-10 Related to a particular cause or source. 1
took over 25-13-39 17-32-48 Assumed control, management or responsibility. 1

LESSON 32
WORD COLOR CHART EXPLANATION SEGMENT
Scottish 27-39-5-25-3-44 Having been born in Scotland. 2
steel 27-25-11-37 A metal. Something, such as a sword or knife that is made of steel. 2
WORD COLOR CHART EXPLANATION SEGMENT
(profile / 24-40-17-31-15-37 A person that makes an effort or inclination to increase the well-being of
philanthropists) 31-3-37-1-30-35-40-6-24-3-27-25-27 humankind as by charitable aid or donations. 2
humble 42-2-29-41-47 Showing deferential or submissive respect: 2
weaver 38-11-32-48 One that weaves. Weavers make “Zarapes” 2
cottage 39-5-25-3-49 A small vacation house. 2
emigrated 4-29-6-43-40-16-25-54 To leave one country or region to settle in another 2
telegrapher 25-6-37-4-43-40-6-31-48 A person who works sending and receiving telegrams or telegraphs. 2
investments 3-30-32-4-27-25-29-58-25-27 Property or another possession acquired for future financial return or benefit. 2
oil derricks 20-37 33-12-40-3-51 A machine that is used for moving or carrying heavy objects. 2
impurities 3-29-24-36-13-40-3-25-11-26 Contamination or pollution. 2
oxidation 5-39-27-3-33-16-44-58 The combination of a substance with oxygen. 2
girders 43-7-40-33-48-26 A beam, as of steel, wood, used as a main horizontal support in a building or bridge.2
vertical integration 32-7-40-25-3-39-47 /
3-30-25-6-43-40-16-44-58 A style of growth and management control.
raw 40-14 Being in a natural condition; not processed or refined. 2
mills 29-3-37-26 Any of various machines for shaping, cutting, polishing, or dressing metal surfaces. 2
coal 39-17-37 A natural dark brown to black graphitelike material used as a fuel. 2
pig iron 24-3-43 15-48-30 Crude iron cast in blocks. 2
coke 39-17-39 The solid residue of impure carbon. 2
tons 25-2-30-26 A large extent, amount, or number. Often used in the plural. Tons of gold. 2
deal maker 33-11-37 29-16-39-48 A person in charge of closing deals or negotiations. 2
envisioned 4-30-32-3-28-58-33 To picture in the mind; imagine. 2
holdings 42-17-37-33-53-26 Legally owned property, such as land, capital, or stocks. Often used in the plural. 2
business trust 41-3-26-30-3-27 25-40-2-27-25 An unincorporated business organization created by a legal document. 2
fortune 31-14-40-45-58 A person's condition in life determined by material possessions or financial wealth. 2

EXPRESSION COLOR CHART EXPLANATION SEGMENT

buy out 41-15 19-25 An investment transaction by which the ownership of a majority share is acquired. 2

LESSON 33
WORD COLOR CHART EXPLANATION SEGMENT
founder 31-19-30-33-48 One who establishes something or formulates the basis for something for the 1st time.3
sponsor 27-24-5-30-27-48 One who assumes responsibility for another person or a group during a period. 3
assembly line 6-27-4-29-41-37-11 37-15-30 An arrangement of workers, machines, and equipment in which the product being
assembled passes consecutively from operation to operation until completed. 3
dealerships 33-11-37-48-44-3-24-27 A franchise to sell specified items in a certain area. 3
promotion 24-40-6-29-17-44-58 The act of promoting or the fact of being promoted; advancement. 3
completion 39-57-24-37-11-44-58 The act of completing or the state of being completed. 3
self propelled 27-4-37-31 24-40-6-24-4-37-33 Containing its own means of propulsion. 3
quadricycle 50-5-33-40-11-27-15-39-47 A vehicle with four wheels that Henry Ford invented. 3
test drove 25-4-27-25 33-40-17-32 To drive as for testing the security. 3
brainstormed 41-40-16-30-27-25-14-40-29-33 Gave different ideas. 3
resigned 40-3-26-15-30-33 To give up (a position, for example), especially by formal notification. 3
dissolved 33-3-27-5-37-32-33 To cause to disappear or vanish. 3
dropped 33-40-5-24-25 To become less, to fall from a higher position. 3
units 18-30-3-25-27 A precisely specified quantity. We sold 100 units. 3
WORD COLOR CHART EXPLANATION SEGMENT

aviation 16-32-11-16-44-58 The operation of aircraft. The design, development, and production of aircraft. 3
Stout Metal / 27-25-19-25 29-4-25-47
Airplane Company 12-40-24-37-16-30 39-2-29-24-6-30-11 The name of an American aircraft manufacturer . An Airplane company owned by Henry Ford. 3

ran 40-1-30 To be in operation. Took care of. 3

journalists 49-7-40-30-6-37-3-27-25-27 One whose occupation is journalism. One who keeps a journal.
politicians 24-5-37-3-25-3-44-58-26 People who are actively involved in politics, especially party politics. 3
monopolistic 29-6-30-5-24-6-37-3-27-25-3-39 Exclusive control by one group of producing or selling a commodity or service. 3
oil refining 20-37 40-3-31-15-30-53 To reduce to a pure state; purify. Pemex refinery. 3
legacy 37-4-43-6-27-11 Something handed down from an ancestor or a predecessor or from the past. 3
forged 31-14-40-49-33 To give form or to shape. 3

LESSON 36
WORD COLOR CHART EXPLANATION SEGMENT
quarter 50-14-40-25-48 (¼), 25/100. One of four equal parts. In this case, the last 25 years of the century. Intro
exploitation 4-51-24-37-20-25-16-44-58 The act of employing to the greatest advantage. The exploitation of copper deposits. Intro
for good 31-14-40 43-13-33 Definitely, permanently. The player retired for good. Intro
emerging 3-29-7-40-49-53 To come forth from obscurity. Intro
infrastructure 3-30-31-40-6-27-25-40-2-39-45-48 The basic facilities, services, base or foundation for an organization or system. Intro

WORD COLOR CHART EXPLANATION SEGMENT

commercialization 39-6-29-7-40-44-6-37-3-26-16-44-58 The act of applying methods of business to something for profit. 1
positively 24-5-26-3-25-3-32-37-11 In a positive way. 1
competitive 39-57-24-4-25-3-25-3-32 Of, involving, or determined by competition. 1
catered 39-16-25-48-33 To be particularly attentive. To attend to the wants or needs of. 1
beverages 41-4-32-48-6-49-55 Any one of various liquids for drinking, usually excluding water. 1
textiles 25-4-51-25-15-37-26 A cloth, especially one manufactured by weaving or knitting. A fabric, or fiber. 1
petroleum 24-6-25-40-17-37-11-57 A liquid, that occurs naturally beneath the earth.Gasoline is derived from petroleum.1
massive 29-1-27-3-32 Large in comparison with the usual amount. Large in quantity. 1
enables 3-30-16-41-47-26 Gives the opportunity to, gives or allows. 1
boost 41-10-27-25 To increase, to raise. 1

EXPRESSION COLOR CHART EXPLANATION SEGMENT

head for 42-4-33 31-14-40 Go in direction of. 1
place a purchase 24-37-16-27 6 24-7-40-45-3-27 To buy. 1

LESSON 37
WORD COLOR CHART EXPLANATION SEGMENT
assembling 6-27-4-29-41-37-53 To put together parts or pieces of. There are “assembling” companies like IBM. 2
currently 39-7-40-58-25-37-11 Being in progress now. Belonging to the present time. 2
competitors 39-57-24-4-25-3-25-48-26 People that compete with others. Sports, business, etc. 2
globe 43-37-17-41 The planet, the Earth. 2
raw minerals 40-14 29-3-30-48-47-26 Unprocessed or natural minerals. 2
spot 27-24-5-25 A place or location. 2
lead 37-4-33 A soft, malleable, dense metallic element.(Pb). Gasoline contains lead. 2
timber 25-3-29-41-48 Wood used as a building material; also called lumber. 2
veins 32-16-30-26 A long and regularly shaped occurrence of a mineral. Mines are full of veins. 2
labor rates 37-16-41-48 40-16-25-27 The quantity of money per hour to workers. 2
awesome 14-27-57 Expressing “awe”, remarkable, outstanding. 2
wage rate 38-16-49 40-16-25 Salary rate.The quantity of money per unit of production or per period of work time. 2
staff 27-25-1-31 To provide with a staff of workers or assistants. To serve on the staff of. 2
outsource 19-25-27-14-40-27 The procuring of services or products, from an outside supplier. 2
stamp 27-25-1-29-24 An official mark or seal that indicates ownership. The stamp ”Hecho en Mexico”. 2
petrochemical 24-4-25-40-17-39-4-29-3-39-47 A chemical derived from petroleum or natural gas. 2
propylene 24-40-17-24-6-37-11-30 A flammable gas derived from petroleum hydrocarbon used in organic synthesis. 2
rubber 40-2-41-48 A synthetic and elastic material of varying chemical composition. Latex. 2
handcrafting 42-1-30-33-39-40-1-31-25-53 Making with the hands. 2
folk art 31-17-39 9-40-25 Art originating among the people of a nation or region reflecting their culture. 2
EXPRESSION COLOR CHART EXPLANATION SEGMENT
played out 24-37-16-33 19-25 Used up, or exhausted. All our energy was “played out” during the game. 2