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1) HEALTH MINISTRY ADDS STEROID DEXAMETHASONE IN
COVID-19 TREATMENT PROTOCOL

The Union Ministry of Health & Family Welfare of India released

an updated clinical management protocol includes the advice

to use Dexamethasone as an alternative choice to

Methylprednisolone for managing moderate to severe cases of

COVID-19, Te Pharma The change has been made after

considering the latest available evidence and expert

consultation.

2) TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS & SOUTHERN RESEARCH

COVID-19 VACCINE PROVIDES A NOVEL VECTOR !

Tonix Pharmaceuticals and Southern Research have partnered

to create a COVID-19 vaccine based on Tonix's proprietary

horsepox vaccine platform.

The use of the horsepox vector will be an important addition to

the 234 COVID-19 vaccines currently being developed.

Explains the

R e p e a t e d a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o fbtahse
i cs
s aomf e vector can cause the

g e n e r a t i o n o f n e u t r a l i s i n gt y
apno
tg ra
ib op
dh ys
ie , to attack the vector

ad
present in the vaccine an l o rne
gd w
uci te
h tfh
uen effectiveness of the

exercises
vaccine, or any vaccine based on a similar vector.

The horsepox vaccine vector has an advantage in that the

vector is no longer present in nature, as the horsepox virus may

have been accidentally extirpated.

This means that there has most likely been no previous

exposure to the vector, and any vaccine administered based on

it is unlikely to encounter already-present neutralising

antibodies.

MADISON WRIGHTS
3) 3. RESEARCHERS IDENTIFIED SIX POTENTIAL DRUGTARGETS FOR
COVID-19

Lawson Health Research Institute in the UK have identified a unique pattern of

six molecules which could be used atherapeutic targets against the COVID-19

disease.

The tumour necrosis factor

Granzyme B, Heat shock protein 70,

Interleukin-18,

Interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10,

Elastase

These were found elevated in COVID-19 1CU patients.

These targets were found by profiling the immune response to the novel

coronavirus in critically ill COVID-19 patients.

4) FDA APPROVES NEW THERAPY - DRAVET SYNDROME

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Fintepla (Fenfluramine), a

Schedule IV controlled substance, for the treatment of seizures associated

with Dravet syndrome in patients age 2 and older.

5) NEW BIOMOLECULES TO FIGHT DRUG RESISTANCE IN KALA-AZAR

A team of researchers at the Department of Biotechnology's National Centre

for Cell Science (DBT-NCCS) in Pune, led by

Dr. Shailza Singh used computational methods to design small molecules,

called peptides, that could very specifically interact with the transporter

proteins of Leishmania major alone, and not interfere with human proteins in

any way.

The peptides were designed to modulate the transporter proteins

"allosterically", i.e. by interacting with the protein molecule at a location other

than the specific location where Miltefosine binds to it.

This group is the first to have shown allosteric modulation of transporter

proteins of Leishmania using computationally- designed synthetic peptides,

and their findings were reported in the 'Biochemical Journal'.

6) CIPLA TO PRICE REMDESIVIR VERSION FOR COVID-19
UNDER 5.000 RUPEES

Indian drugmaker Cipla Ltd will price its generic version of

Gilead Sciences Inc's antiviral drug remdesivir for use in

COVID-19 patients at less than 5,000 rupees (S66)

7) HETERO HEALTHCARE SET TO SUPPLY ITS GENERIC

COVID-19 DRUG ATRS 5,400 PER VIAL ACROSS INDIA

Hetero Healthcare set to deliver 20,000 vials of its antiviral

drug Covifor (Remdesivir) across the country for the treatment

of COVID-19, at a maximum retail price of Rs 5,400 per vial.

8) HINDUSTAN UNILEVER COMPLETES ACQUISITION OF

VWASH FROM GLENMARK PHARMACEUTICALS

Vwash was launched by Glenmark in 2013 and the brand has

established itself as the market leader in the female intimate

hygiene category backed by strong product proposition,

consumer endorsements and brand building investments.

Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL) has acquired intellectual

property rights including trademarks, design and know-how

related to the Vwash brand worldwide.

With this acquisition., HUL can unlock significant synergies and

scale up the brand by building awareness, driving penetration.

leveraging distribution and enhance offering for chemist

channel.

HUL announced that it has completed the acquisition of

intimate hygiene brand Vwash from Glenmark Pharmaceuticals

Ltd. This acquisition was announced on March 23, 2020 and

was subject to certain closing conditions, which have now

been fulfilled.
9) LILLY BEGINS WORLD'S FIRST STUDY OF APOTENTIAL
COVID-19 ANTIBODY TREATMENT IN HUMANS

The investigational medicine, referred to as LY-CoV555, is the

first to emerge from the collaboration between Lilly and

AbCellera to create antibody therapies for the prevention and

treatment of COVID-19.

Lilly scientists rapidly developed the antibody in just three

months atfter AbCelera and the Vaccine Research Center at

the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

identified it from a blood sample taken from one of the first U.S.

patients who recovered from COVID-19. LY-CoV555 is the first

potential new medicine specifically designed to attack SARS-

CoV-2, the virus that causes

COVID-19.

10) CDSCO TO REPLACE WORDS 'CHEMISTS & DRUGGISTS'

WITH PHARMACISTS

The Central Drugs and Standards Control Organisation

(CDSCO) has prepared a draft notification replacing the words

Chemists and Druggists with Pharmacists.

The move comes in following several requests to this effect from

Karnataka State Registered Pharmacists Association (KSRPA).

The draft notification is currently pending with the 'Ministry of

Health and FamilyWelfare'

The replacement of the words chemists and druggists with

pharmacist will be in Rule 65 (15)(b) of the Drugs and Cosmeties

Rules, 1945.
11) CIPLA & HETERO - GETS DCGI NOD TO
MANUFACTURE REMDESIVIR

The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation

(CDSCO) has granted licenses to Cipla and Hetero to

manufacture and market Remdesivir for the treatment of

COVID-19 with moderate disease (those on oxygen).

However, the approval has been granted to license

holders with conditions.

12) US FDA DECLINES APPROVAL AGAIN FOR

NABRIVA'S ANTIBIOTIC FOR UTI

The US Food and Drug Administration declined to approve

Nabriva Therapeutics' antibiotic Contepo for complicated

urinary tract infections.

13) GLENMARK RECEIVES APPROVAL FOR ORAL

ANTIVIRAL FAVIPIRAVIR FOR THE TREATMENT OF MILD
TO MODERATE COVID-19

Glenmark has received manufacturing and marketing

approval from India's drug regulator, making FabiFlu® the

first oral Favipiravir- approved medication in India for the

treatment of COVID-19.
14) CDRI TO CARRY PHASE III CLINICAL TRIALS OF
UMIFENOVIR

The Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow, has

received permission from Drug Controller General of India

(DCGI) for carrying out Phase I clinical trials to test the

efficacy, safety and tolerability of the antiviral drug Umifenovir.

The Phase IlI activities will be carried out at King George's

Medical University (KGMU), Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of

Medical

Sciences (RMLIMS) and ERA's Lucknow Medical College and

Hospital, Lucknow.

15) FDA APPROVES JUVEDERM VOLUMA XC FOR

ENHANCEMENTI OF THE CHIN REGION

Uvederm® VolumaTM Xc is the first and only filler to receive

U.S. FDA approval for the augmentation of the chin region.

This approval marks the second indication for the product,

which was previously approved by the FDA in 2013 for cheek

augmentation to correct age-related mid-face volume deficit

Juvederm® VolumaTM Xe is currently the number one product

in the Juvederm® portfolio in the U.S. and lasts up to two years

with optimal treatment for cheek augmentation.

16) DR REDDY'S LAUNCHES GENERIC PROSTATE CANCER

TREATMENT DRUG IN US

The company has launched Abiraterone Acetate tablets USP in

the strength of 250 mg, after the approval from the United

States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA).

17) GLENMARK PHARMACEUTICALS GETS USFDA NOD FOR
FINGOLIMOD CAPSULES

Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Inc, USA has been granted final

approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration

(USFDA) for Fingolimod Capsules, 0.5 mg, the generic version

of Gilenya capsules, 0.5 mg, of Novartis Pharmaceuticals

Corporation.

18) ZYDUS CADILA GETS USFDA APPROVAL TO MARKET

GENERIC VERSION OF DEFERASIROX TABLETS

Deferasirox binds to iron and removes it from the bloodstream.

It is used to treat iron overload caused by blood transfusions in

adults and children who are at least two years old.

19) 2. EU NOD FOR LYNPARZA IN PANCREATIC CANCER

AstraZeneca and MSD's Lynparza (Olaparib) has been

approved in the EU (European Union) for patients with

germline BRCA-mutated (gBRCAm) metastatic pancreatic

cancer.

Lynparza is indicated as monotherapy for the maintenance

treatment of adults with germline BRCA1/2 mutations who

have metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and have

not progressed after a minimum of 16 weks of platinum

treatment within a first-line chemotherapy regimen.

20) SUN PHARMA ANNOUNCES JAPAN MHLW APPROVAL OF
ILUMYA FOR THE TREATMENT OF PLAQUE PSORIASIS

ILUMYA is a humanised IgGl/k monoclonal antibody designed to

selectively bind to the p19 subunit of IL-23 and inhibit its

interaction with the IL-23 receptor, leading to inhibition of the

release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.

21) 2020 Nobel Prize Winner in Chemistry

Jennifer Anne Doudna & Emmanuelle Charpentier

Discovered one of gene technology's sharpest

tools:

The CRISPR/Cas9 genetic scissors. Using

these, researchers can change the DNA of

animals, plants and microorganisms with

extremely high precision.

22) Top ten Indian pharma companies founders

1. Sun Pharmaceutical Industries -Dilip Shanghvi

2.Divis Laboratories Ltd.- Murali Divi

3.Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd. - Kallam Anji Reddy

4.Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd- U. N. Mehta

5.Biocon Ltd- Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw

6.Piramal Enterprises Ltd- Ajay Piramal

7.Aurobindo Pharma Ltd- V. Ramprasad Reddy

8.Cipla Ltd.- Khwaja Abdul Hamied

9.Abbott India Ltd. - Wallace Calvin Abbott

10.Lupin Ltd.- Desh Bandhu Gupta

23) DEPT-Distortionless Enhancement by
Polarisation Transfer.

DEPT technique for determining number of

hydrogens attached to a given carbon atom.

DEPT 45-Only carbon atoms that bear any number of

attached hydrogens will produce a peak.

DEPT 90- Shows peaks only for those carbon atoms that

are part of a Methine (CH) GROUP.

DEPT135- Methine & Methyl carbons positive peaks

Methylene shows negative peaks.

24) 4 IMP FACTS ABOUT DIELS ALDER REACTION

1. Diene must be conjugated.

2. The diene must be in S-CIS conformation.

3.Substituent do not change the pattern of

bonds formed/ bonds broken.

4.Substituents effect the rate.

25) NITROGEN RULE:

If a compound has an even number of nitrogen atoms

(zero is an even number) - Its Molecular ion will appear at

an even mass value.

26) MASS SPECTROMETRY ISOTOPE
ABUNDANCE

*Chlorine has isotope of 35 Relative Abundance=

75.77%

*Chlorine has isotope of 37_Relative Abundance=

24.23%

*Bromine 79 Relative Abundance= 50.5%

*Bromine 81 Relative Abundance= 49.5%

27) 3 Facts about Molecular Peak in Mass

spectroscopy

Fact no 1: The ions must have an odd number of

electrons.When molecule is ionised by an electron

beam ,it losses one electron to become a radical

cation.The charge on such an ion is 1,thus making it

an ion with an odd number of electrons.

Fact no 2: The peak must correspond to the ion of

highest mass in the spectrum except

isotopic peak.

Fact no 3: No fragment ion can contain a grater

number of atoms of a particular element than the

molecular ion.

28) In August 2020, Russia became the world's first

country to register a coronavirus vaccine, Sputnik V.

Subsequently, in September, Dr Reddy's and RDIF

entered into a partnership to conduct clinical trials

of Sputnik V, which is developed by the Gamaleya

National Research Institute of Epidemiology and

Microbiology.

Dr Reddy's Laboratories has received approval from

the Indian drug regulator for restricted emergency

use of Sputnik V.
29) NAME: DACOMITINIB
MOA: KINASE INHIBITOR

Brand name: Dacoplice

USE :Non small cell lung cancer

Manufacturer: Pfizer

30) NAME: BARICITINAB

MOA: JAK INHIBITOR

Brand name: Olumiant

USE: Rheumatoid arthritis

Manufacturer: major Eli Lilly

Dr Reddy's Laboratories has entered into a

royalty-free, non-exclusive voluntary licencing agreement with

US-based pharma major Eli Lilly and Company for the

manufacture and sale of the drug, Baricitinib.

31) NDDS- Transdermal drug delivery

✓
✓
Drug log p value sholud be :1-4

Skin permeability coefficient grater than

✓
0.5*10-3 cm/h

✓
Drug shelf life more than: 2 years

DMSO is the best solvent as a permeation

✓
enhancer.

Anionic surfactants: SLS& Decodecyl methyl sulfoxide is most

✓
preferable.

Drug molecule should possess an adequate solubility in oil

✓
and water.

✓
Molecular weight less than 1000 Dalton's

✓
Drug should have low Melting point.

Drug molecule would require a balanced

partition coefficient to penetrate the stratum

Corneum.
32) Who established ICMR?
Government of India

Where is the headquarter of ICMR?

New Delhi

When was ICMR formed?

1911

Secretary to Govt of India, Department of Health Research &

Director General, Indian Council of Medical Research: Balram

Bhargava

33) US FDA APPROVED DRUGS :-

Drug Name: Nextstelis

Active Ingredient: drospirenone and estetrol

Approval Date: 15/04/2021

FDA-approved use on approval date: To prevent pregnancy.

Drug Name: Jemperli

Active Ingredient: dostarlimab-gxly

Approval Date: 22/04/2021

FDA-approved use on approval date: To treat

endometrial cancer.

Drug Name: Zynlonta

Active Ingredient: loncastuximab tesirine-lpyl

Approval Date: 23/04/2021

FDA-approved use on approval date:To treat

certain types of relapsed or refractory large

B-cell lymphoma.
34) MASS SPECTROMETRY

1.The vapours of the substance under examination are

introduced at low pressure (10-5 to 10-6 mm) in the MS.

2.The reason is that it is necessary to minimise the collision

between ions and un ionised molecules.

3.Such collisions produce new ions which are difficult to

interpret in the spectrum.

35) ABOUT INTERPRETION OF IR SPECTROSCOPY

1.Electron donating groups &Conjugation-

Lowers the wave number.

2.Hydrogen bonding - Lower the wave number

3.Intermolecular hydrogen bonding conc depend.

4. IR spectrum of enantimers is the same.

5.The frequency of axial hydroxyl group is

higher than that of the equitorial.

36) SOLVENT IN UV SPECTROSCOPY :-

1.Transparent down to 200nm

2. Polar bonds like carbonyl are affected by

solvent polarity.

3.Increase in solvent polarity,

# n to pi star transitions undergo blue shift.

# pi to pi star transition undergo red shift.

4.Methanol cut off 205 nm

5.Water cutoff- 190 nm

6.Acetonitril cutoff- 190nm

7.1,4 dioxane cutoff-215nm

37) Pharma Companies & it's CEO :-

1.Dr. Reddy's Laboratories CEO- Erez Israeli

2. Lupin Limited CEO - Vinita D. Gupta

3.Aurobindo Pharma CEO- Arvind Vasudeva

4.DIVIS LABORATORIES CEO- Murali Krishna

Prasad

5.Glenmark Pharmaceuticals CEO- Glenn Mario Saldanha

38) CARBON-13 NMR SOLVENTS

1. Chloroform-d (CDci3) - it give rise to a 3 peak multiplet in

the spectrum ,With the center peak

having chemical shift of about 77ppm.

2. Dimethylsulfoxide-d6 (CD3-So-CD3)-

The pattern has a chemical shift of 39.5ppm.

3.Acetone -d6( CD3-CO-CD3)- The multiplet is centered at

29.8ppm with the carbonyl peak at 206 ppm.

39) 2020 Nobel Prize Winner in Physiology or Medicine

Harvey J. Alter, Michael Houghton &Charles M. Rice

Identification of a novel virus, Hepatitis C virus

Contribution to the fight against blood-borne

hepatitis, a major global health problem that

causes cirrhosis and liver cancer in people

around the world.

40) All tetracyclins are excreted
through Urine (Renal excretion)

except DOXYCYCLINE So, it is safe in

patiet with Renal Failure.

41) Proof spirit = % v/v x 1.753

Proof strength = Proof spirit - 100

Proof gallon = Gallonx% strength/50

Proof gallon-Gallonxproofspirit/100

42) Spin-Spin Coupling - Splitting is

due to interaction between spins of

neighbouring nuclei.

Coupling constant - Distance

between the two peacks ia called as

"Coupling constant" usually

represented by the symbol T.

43) Mechanism of Action :-

a] DOSTARLIMAB :-
Dostarlimab is a programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1)- blocking antibody for

the treatment of women with mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) recurrent or

advanced endometrial cancer.

Side effect-low red blood count (anemia), and constipation.

b] LONCASTUXIMAB TESIRINE :-

Loncastuximab tesirine is a CD19-directed antibody and alkylating agent

conjugate which is used to treat adults with certain types of large B-cell

lymphoma that has come back (relapsed) or that did not respond to previous

treatment (refractory), who have already received two or more treatments for

their cancer.

It is not known if this medicine is safe and effective in children.

c] GOLIMUMAB :-

Golimumab is a TNE inhibitor. Golimumab is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis

and ankylosing spondylitis in adults and psoriatic arthritis and polyarticular

juvenile idiopathic arthritis in adults and children at least 2 years old.

Golimumab is sometimes given with another

medicine called methotrexate.

d] TENIDAP :-

Tenidap is an anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic with a variety of

activities. Tenidap preferentially inhibits COX-1 with an ICSO value of 30 nM,

and also has some lesser inhibitory activity towards COX-2 and 5-

lipoxygenase (IC50 values are 1.2 and > 30 M for COX-2 and 5- lipoxygenase

respectively).

Tenidap is also a cytokine modulator, an opener of inward rectifying hKIR2.3

channels (EC50 = 402 nM) and has been shown to modulate cytoplasmic pH

and inhibit anion transport in vitro.

e] PONESIMOD:-

Ponesimod is a selective sphingosine-1-phosphate

receptor 1 (S1P1) modulator indicated for the treatment

of adults with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS),

including clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-

remitting disease, and active secondary progressive

disease.

Dose- 20mg/day

f] COLCHICINE :-

Multiple mechanisms of Colchicine is

Antimitotic effects- arresting cell division on G1, Alter

neutrophil motility and decrease the secretion of

chemotactic factor and superoxide anions, Inhibits the

release of histamine from mast cells, Lowers the body

temperature, Respiratory depressants,

Induce hypertension by vasomotor stimulation.

g] NIMESULIDE :-

Nimesulide is a sulfonanilide compound that

demonstrates COX-2 selectivity similar to Celecoxib.

Additional effects include the inhibition of neutrophil

activation, decrease in cytokine production, decrease in

digestive enzyme production, and activation of

glucocorticoid receptors.

Dose- 100mg: ADR- Hepatotoxicity

h) PASIREOTIDE :-

Pasireotide is a cyclohexapeptide somatostatin analog

that is approved for the treatment of Cushing disease in

patients who are ineligible for pituitary surgery or in whom

surgery has failed.

It binds to SST (1, 2, 3,5) receptor (somatostatin receptor),

but has the high affinity for SST-5 receptor.

Dose 0.3 to 0.9 mg in sc/daily twice.

i) MINOXIDIL :-

Minoxidil is an antihypertemsive agent.

Minoxidil is metabolized by hepatic

sulfotransferase to the active molecule (minixidil N-O

sulfate).

Minoxidil-N-O sulfate activates the ATP-

modulated K+ channel.

j) ROFLUMILAST :-

Roflumilast (DALIRESP) and its active metabolite

(roflumilast N-oxide) selectively inhibit PDE4, have anti-

inflammatory effect, and are used to decrease

exacerbations of severe COPD.

Roflumilast is metabolized by CYPs to roflumilast N- oxide

and then to conjugates that are mostly excreted in urine.

k) OPRELVAKIN :-

Oprelvakin is a recombinant human interleukin 11

(IL-11) that leads to a thrombopoietic response in 5

to 9 days when administered daily to normal

subjects.

Oprelvekin is approved for use in patients

undergoing chemotherapy for nonmyeloid

malignancies with severe thrombocytopenia.

l) AMBRISENTAN :-

Ambrisentan is a selective endothelin receptor-A

(ET-A) antagonist.It is given orally once daily at a

dose of 5 to 10mg.

Adverse effect: Abnormal liver function (so

tomonitor Liver aminotransferase level), atrophy.

m] APAZONE (AZAPROPAZONE) :-

Apazone is a anti-inflammatory, analgesic,

antipyretic activity and is a potent uricosuric

agent. And also to inhibit neutrophil migration,

degradation, and superoxide production.

Apazone is used for the treatment of rheumatoid

arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and

gout.

n] LORCASERIN:-

Lorcaserin is a 5HT2c receptor agonist approved

for weight loss

The drug is thought to decrease food consumption

and promote satiety by selectively activating

SHT2C receptor on POMC neurons in the arcuate

nucleus of the hypothalamus.

m) INDORAMIN :-

Indoramin is a selective competitive a-1 receptor

antagonist that also antagonize the H1 and 5HT

receptors.

Indoramin lowers the blood pressure with minimal

tachycardia and also decreases the incidence of

attack of Raynaud

phenomenon.

n) INDACATEROL :-

Indacaterol is a long-acting beta-adrenergic

agonist, classified as an ultra-LABA, approved for

the treatment of COPD.

Indacaterol has a longer duration of action than

salmeterol and formeterol. But is not indicated for

the treatment of asthma.

m) CETUXIMAB :-

Cetuximab is a recombinant chimeric

human/mouse immunoglobulin G1 (IgG)

antibody that binds to the extracellular domain of

EGFR.

Is approved as a single agent for the treatment of

metastatic colorectal cancer.

o) ERLOTINIB :-

Erlotinib is a potent inhibitor of the EGFR tyrosine kinase,

competitively inhibiting ATP binding at the site of the

kinase. Is approved for First-line treatment of Pancreatic

cancer & Second-line treatment of NSCLC.

p) ANIDULAFUNGIN :-

Anidulafungin is a water-insoluble semi

synthetic compound extracted from the

fungus A.nidulans.

The drug cleared from the body by slow

chemical degradation. No metabolism by the

liver or renal excretion occurs.

q) DOCOSANOL :-

Docosanol is a long chain saturated alcohol that is

approved as an over the counter 10% cream tor the

treatment of recurrent orolabial herpes.

r) BOCEPREVIR :-

Boceprevir inhibits hepatitis C virus non- structural

protein 3 (NS3) serine protease.

Is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis

genotype l intection in adults.

44) FD&C Yellow 5- Tartrazine
FD&C Yellow 6 - Sunset yellow

FD&C Blue 1 - Brilliant blue

FD&C Blue 2 - Indigotine ma

D&C Red 22- Eosin Y

45) Dettol contains Chloroxylenol.

Lysol contains Benzalkonium chloride.

Salvon contains Chlorohexidine & Cetrimide.

46) Zanzibar aloes also known Monkey skin

aloes.

Cognitive enhancers are also known as

"Smart drugs".

Viscosity of Castor oil is due to the presence

of Ricinoleic acid.

47) Meristem culture- Production of Virus

free plant

Slowest receptor- Nuclear receptor.

Fastest receptor -Ligand gated ion channels.

48) NEW COMPOUND FOR MALE CONTRACEPTIVE
PILL -

A NATURAL COMPOUND AS A SAFE, EFFECTIVE AND

REVERSIBLE MALE CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT 1N PRE

CLINICAL ANIMAL MODELS.

THE COMPOUND IS TRIPTONIDE, WHICH CAN BE EITHER

PURIFIED FROM A CHINESE HERB CALLED TRIPTERYGIUM

WILFORDII HOOK F, OR PRODUCED THROUGH

CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS. IT INDUCE ALTERED SPERM

HAVING MINIMAL OR NO FORWARD MOTILITY WITH

CLOSE TO 100% PENETRANCE AND CONSEQUENTLY

MALE INFERTILITY IN 3-4 AND 5-6 WEEKS.

49) Atorvastatin - HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

(statins).

Cilastatin - Dehydropeptidase Inhibitor.

Bryostatins - Macrolide lactones (potent modulators of

protein kinase C).

50) Fact :-

a] Haematopoiesis occurs in Bone marrow.

b] Leprosy is also known as Hansen's Disease.

c] Companion cells are unique to Angiosperms.

d] Endocrine glands are also known as Ductless Glands.

e] Blood groups was discovered by - Karl Landsteiner.

f] The oral polio vaccine was discovered by- Jonas Salk.

g] Traube's rule: Relationship between hydrocarbon chain

length and surface activity.

h] Ifone CH2 group increases, Surface tension decreases 3 fold.

i] TB drug crosses blood brain barrier Rifampicin hence used for

Meningitis.

j] Planar Chromatography:
1) TLC

2) Paper Chromatography

3) Open bed Chromatography

k] FT-IR calibrated by using AlIR.

l] Stereoisomers of Cyclic Carbohydrates is known as Anomers

and Epimers.

m] Fermi resonance in IR is given by:

1) Aldehyde

2) t-butyl vinyl ether

3) Certain lactones & Cycloketones

n] Caros acid -> H2505Parm

51) SN2 reaction specifications:

Polarity of solvent :- Polar, Aprotic

Order of Alkyl halides :- primaryy> secondary > tertiary

Effect of leaving group :- I>Br>Cl>F

Strength of nucleophile :- Strong

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