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FEATURES OF PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPORT AND THE MODERN

PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET OF THE SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC

Conference Paper · January 2024

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 FEATURES OF PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPORT AND THE MODERN
PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET OF THE SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
Amer Y., Spichak I.V., Zhirova I.V.
Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russian Federation

Syrian Arab Republic is the state in the Middle East, borders with Lebanon,
Israel, Jordan, Iraq and Turkey. In the west it is washed by the Mediterranean Sea.
The area of the country is 185.2 thousand km2, the population is 21,32 million
people (2021), the GDP per capita - 533,39 USD (2020). [1] The healthcare
expenditure is about 2-3% of the GDP.
Before the armed conflict in 2011, the Syrian medicine was at a high level,
most hospitals were equipped with the most advanced equipment, facilitating
complex operations and research, and a highly qualified medical personnel. Almost
all the medical staff possessed the knowledge of foreign languages, including
English, French, Russian. Before this time in the country, there were about 300
hospitals, and about 900 residents per a doctor. [2]
The Syrian pharmaceutical market is a part of the market of the countries of
the League of Arab States. Its cumulative volume in the pre-war period (until
2011) was 1.5% of the world market of medicines, which was equivalent to about
15 billion USD. The Syrian economy is suffering from the deterioration of the
situation, which has caused a lot of problems for all sectors, including the
pharmaceutical sector, because, despite the availability of the ability to produce
various types of medicines, the existence of some laws regulating the
pharmaceutical sector, on the one hand, and the problems of the pharmaceutical
market, on the other hand, this has led to a constant disruption of the sales cycle.
Now the pharmaceutical industry in Syria is struggling to overcome the difficulties
caused by Western coercive measures and the consequences of the terrorist war
that has targeted the industrial sector as a whole. The government is supporting this
important industry and attracting investors through a series of measures in an
attempt to get the Syrian pharmaceutical industry back on track. The efforts of the
Ministry of Health in the field of pharmaceutical policy have been focused on
providing citizens with medicines of the best international standards by developing
the local pharmaceutical industry and encouraging investment in the
pharmaceutical industry sector to meet the needs of the local pharmaceutical
market [3].
The Syrian pharmaceutical market is regulated by the Ministry of Health,
which has developed many projects and laws, including the unification of prices
for generic drugs among several companies, which in the last survey conducted in
2018 was 97 companies. This means that it has eliminated competition between
pharmaceutical companies in providing cheaper medicines than others, regardless
of the quality of the drug, and the patients will be provided at a single price on
medicines [4].
The Syrian industry began with the Al-Shahba company in 1947, and then
many companies were founded, such as the Asia Company and Tamiko in 1956,
11
and the products of these companies did not exceed 6% of the demand of the
Syrian pharmaceutical market. Over the years, the Syrian pharmaceutical industry
has developed, where the number of laboratories has reached 99 pharmaceutical
laboratories by 2022 that operate in the provinces of Damascus, Aleppo, Homs,
Hama, Tartus and Latakia, and cover 90% of the needs of the pharmaceutical
market [5].
The increase in the number of pharmaceutical laboratories was accompanied
by an increase in the number and diversity of types of pharmaceutical products, as
in 2021 their number reached 10,418 trade names. Financing allocated to the
pharmaceutical industry by the Ministry of Foreign Trade for the import of
materials needed for the pharmaceutical industry also increased, reaching 11% in
2021 for the pharmaceutical sector, and in 2022 it reached 40%.
The health situation in Syria is also characterized by high emigration of
doctors due to the situation in the country and the instability of the economy,
which has led to a drop in sales of pharmaceutical companies and a loss of
advertising efforts spent on them. According to official statistics, there are more
than 5,000 doctors in Germany alone, on whom pharmaceutical companies have
spent a lot of time, effort and resources to win their loyalty, their migration has led
to a gap in income and planned sales figures without prior warnings. The problem
does not end there, since about 1,000 students graduate from Damascus University
every year, these doctors need large medical advertising teams to reach them and
win their loyalty and conviction in the effectiveness of a pharmaceutical company.
Thus, according to our analysis, the number of health care providers, including
doctors and pharmacies, is increasing, which has already led to a reduction in the
population per doctor and pharmacist. The number of doctors increased by 16.6%
in 5 years (due to new graduates), and the number of pharmacists increased by
26.9%. The increase in the number of new doctors has led to an increased need for
resources to advertise pharmaceutical products.
This reality, in which pharmaceutical companies live, in the future will push
them to search for other marketing methods other than doctors, and will change the
stereotype that doctors are the only source of promotion of various varieties of
pharmaceuticals. There is also a need to develop a new methodology for marketing
approaches in the pharmaceutical market of the Syrian Arab Republic due to the
low economic feasibility of advertising medical and pharmaceutical services for
new certified doctors due to the high probability of their departure from Syria.
Some pharmaceutical companies in Syria have already begun to pay attention to
the importance of sending pharmaceutical information directly to pharmacists and
patients, but without following a specific methodology [6].
Thus, the unstable situation in the Syrian medical sector, on the one hand,
and a large number of competitors, on the other hand, will push many Syrian
pharmaceutical companies to change their marketing approach in order to continue
competing in the Syrian pharmaceutical market, this approach will be developed in
our study and the factors influencing it will be identified.

12
 REFERENCES
1. The World Bank [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа:
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS
2. Pharmaceutical Law And Legislation: manual for applicants of higher education
on speciality ―Pharmacy‖ / А.А. Kotvitskaya, I.V. Kubarieva, A.V. Volkova, A.V.
Cherkashyna, I.V. Zhirova, A.A. Surikov, I.A. Surikova – Kharkov: NUPh :
Golden Pages, 2019. – 204 p.
3. Syrian Ministry of Health website, health statistics are available at the following
link: http://www.moh.gov.sy.
4. Hormoz, N.A.; Ibrahim, O., Importance of Research and Development in Syrian
Pharmaceutical Industry, Tishreen University Journal, Economics, Volume (45),
Issue (1), (2020).
5. Ahmed Ahmed and Omar Nabi, ―Analytical study of the impact of the war in
Syria on the realities of pharmaceutical production‖, Journal of Tishrin University
of Economic Sciences, June 2 https://bit.ly/43DAYdJ, 555 - 2022, vol. 44, no. 3,
pp 537
6. Oswal, R. J., Deshmukh, A. A. (2012, May). A Study on Marketing Strategies
Part 1: For Selected Pharmaceuticals Adopted by Pharmaceutical Companies in
and around Pune Region. International Journal of Marketing and Technology, 2(5),
272-285.

COUNTERFEIT MEDICINE AND UNREGULATED MARKET FOR

DRUGS IN INDIA
Arneja B.S., Tatarenkova I.A.
Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russian Federation

The unregulated pharmaceutical market has taken several shapes and

developed throughout time in various regions of the world. Owing to this wide
range of theories, the term «unregulated market for drugs» is sometimes employed
in a general meaning, covering both the criminal production and distribution of
pharmaceuticals (counterfeit) as well as the selling of medications that have been
lawfully made but diverted from authorized sales channels. Additionally,
prescription-only medications are sold (illegally) without a prescription in this
unregulated atmosphere.
Only a restricted number of hospitals, clinics, pharmacies, and other
healthcare facilities are available in India. Unauthorized or unregulated stores are
more likely to exist since people may feel pressured to purchase medications of
any kind from any source. The unregulated market in low- and middle-income
nations may include improvised stands at village fairs or on the streets, where
medications are offered for sale alongside goods like lotions, tonics, and balms.
Additionally, there are more organized networks run by unethical producers,
importers, retailers, distributors, and medical experts who are motivated by the
prospect of large profits. It is conceivable that drugs will cost less on the
uncontrolled market [1].
13
 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение
высшего образования
«Курский государственный медицинский университет»
Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации
(ФГБОУ ВО КГМУ Минздрава России)

ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ РАЗНЫХ СТРАН

СБОРНИК НАУЧНЫХ ТРУДОВ
по материалам VI Международной научно-практической конференции,
посвященной 89-летию Курского государственного медицинского университета и Году
педагога и наставника

25-26 октября 2023 г., г. Курск

УДК 615(063) Издается по решению
ББК 52.81я43 редакционно - издательского
Ф24 совета ФГБОУ ВО КГМУ
Минздрава России

Фармакология разных стран: сборник научных трудов по материалам VI

Международной научно-практической конференции «Фармакология разных
стран», посвященной 89-летию Курского государственного медицинского
университета и Году педагога и наставника (25-26 октября 2023г.) / Курский
государственный медицинский университет; отв. ред. В.А. Липатов. – Курск:
КГМУ, 2023. – 1 CD-ROM. – Текст: электронный. – 342 с.
Сведения и материалы, изложенные в данных публикациях, не обязательно
отражают точку зрения редакционной коллегии. За представленную
информацию несут ответственность авторы.

Ответственный редактор: проректор по научной работе и инновационному

развитию, д.м.н., профессор В.А. Липатов

Редакционная коллегия:
д.мед.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой фармакологии Г.С. Маль;
к.фарм.н., доцент кафедры фармакологии И.А. Татаренкова;
к.мед.н., доцент кафедры фармакологии В.Ю. Цепелев.

В сборнике представлены научные труды по материалам VI Международной

научно-практической конференции «Фармакология разных стран» (Курск,
25-26 октября 2023 г.).
В сборнике изложены общие теоретические сообщения по объявленной
тематике конференции и практические сообщения, освещающие опыт кафедр
и высших учебных заведений, медицинских и фармацевтических колледжей.
Сборник адресован преподавателям вузов, аспирантам, подразделениям
системы повышения квалификации вузов, работникам практического
здравоохранения.

ISBN 978-5-7487-3113-3
© Коллектив авторов, КГМУ, 2023
© ФГБОУ ВО КГМУ Минздрава России, 2023
 СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Стр.
Amer Y., Spichak I.V., Zhirova I.V. FEATURES OF 11
PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPORT AND THE MODERN
PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET OF THE SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
Arneja B.S., Tatarenkova I.A. COUNTERFEIT MEDICINE AND 13
UNREGULATED MARKET FOR DRUGS IN INDIA
Bamson I.S., Tsepelev V.Yu. TARGETED DELIVERY OF MEDICINES – 16
NEW OPPURTUNITIES IN PHARMACOLOGY
Boboyev B.M., Allayeva M.D. THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSES OF 17
COMBINED MEDICINE ALPHA-LIPOIC ACID AND ZINC WITH
STATINS IN THE TREATMENT OF DYSLIPIDEMIA IN PATIENTS
WITH ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Chow E.H.M., Tatarenkova I.A. FACTORS AFFECTING PATIENT 20
ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT
Dallah Z.A., Tsepelev V.Yu. THE PROBLEMS OF UNREGULATED 23
USE OF MEDICINES
Haidzar N.H.F., Tatarenkova I.A. AZIDOTHYMIDINE - 25
THE FIRST DRUG APPROACH TO TREAT HIV INFECTION
Hovhannisyan A.A. CHANGES OF SPECIFIC NUCLEAR 26
REGULATORY MECHANISMS AND THEIR POTENTIAL
PHARMACOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE IN BETA CELL CULTURE
OF RATS UNDER INFLUENCE OF STREPTOZOCIN
Hovhannisyan A.A. PHARMACOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF 29
SPECIFIC PRO-APOPTOTIC MECHANISMS DURING
EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF BETA CELL APOPTOSIS IN TYPE I
DIABETES MELLITUS
Hovhannisyan A.A. MENIN AKT-1 INTERACTION PATHWAY AS A 30
POTENTIAL PHARMACOLOGICAL TARGET FOR PREVENTION OF
TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS AS A MECHANISM OF β CELL
SURVIVAL
Hovhannisyan A.A. COMPARISATION OF EFFECTIVITY OF 33
TREATMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS VIA USING
GLUCOPHAGE XR AND MENIN INHIBITOR BMF219 ON
EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF DISEASE
Kanthiban S., Tsepelev V.Yu. BEST PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES 35
IN SRI LANKA
Korekar K. P., Rajkumar D.S.R. ENHANCING PHARMACEUTICAL 37
SUPPLY CHAIN AND DRUG MANAGEMENT WITH BLOCKCHAIN
Kathriarachchige Dona M.M., Polyakov D.V. PROSPECTS FOR THE 41
DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIANGINAL THERAPY
Khlyamov S.V., Mal G.S., Artyushkova E.B., Eliseeva R.S. ACE 46
INHIBITORS OR CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS:
EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE FIRST LINE THERAPY
3
 FOR CARDIOTOXICITY BY TYPE OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
IN THE APPLICATION OF MOLECULAR TARGETED THERAPY IN
ONCOLOGY
Kulkarni G., Tatarenkova I.A. PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET IN 49
INDIA
Mathews B.L., Tsepelev V.Yu. EVOLUTION OF ARVs IN SOUTH 50
AFRICA
Md Zaki N.S., Tatarenkova I.A. METHYLPHENIDATE: A 54
BREAKTHROUGH FOR ADHD
Moghan A.V., Tatarenkova I.A. CORRELATION BETWEEN 56
ANTIBIOTIC CONSUMPTION AND THE OCCURRENCE OF
MULTIDRUG-RESSISTANCE IN MALAYSIAN HOSPITAL
Minhad A.E., Tatarenkova I.A. DEXEDRINE AND ADDERALL FOR 58
ADHD
Norazizi N.N., Tatarenkova I.A. CLASSES OF DRUGS FOR 60
TREATMENT APPROACH TO ACUTE CORONARY DISEASE 2019
(COVID-19)
Sufian N.A., Tatarenkova I.A. THE PROBLEMS OF BRANDS AND 62
GENERICS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Ismail N.H., Tatarenkova I.A. PROBLEMS WITH IVERMECTIN USED 64
AS OFF-LABEL DRUG TO TREAT COVID-19
Nurul Hanis Ameera B.N.H., Rajkumar D.S.R. HOW NANOBOTS ARE 66
REVOLUTIONIZING MEDICINE: APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE
PROSPECTS
Oluwatade A.E., Tsepelev V.Yu. THE CURRENT SITUATION WITH 69
THE DISCOVERY OF ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS
Omotunwase P.J., Tsepelev V.Yu. FEATURES OF THE USE OF 72
MEDICATIONS IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Oyeleye A.J., Tsepelev V.Yu. DRUG RESISTANCE IN NIGERIA 74
Rashidan Shah A.I.S., Tatarenkova I.A. RELYVRIO AS THE 76
TREATMENT FOR PATIENTS WITH AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL
SCLEROSIS (ALS)
Saikumar A., Polyakov D.V. ROLE OF DIFFERENT DRUG DELIVERY 78
METHODS IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Sewilam M.N., Lesnaya O.A. DRUG RESISTANCE IN EGYPT: 81
SYSTEMIC REVIEW
Tan J.E., Tatarenkova I.A. REGISTRATION OF MEDICATIONS IN 86
MALAYSIA
Tan S.H., Tatarenkova I.A. NEW DRUGS FOR ALZHEIMER'S 88
DISEASE
Ukwimi N., Polyakov D.V. ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: 92
SPECIFICS OF THE PROVISION OF EMERGENCY OUTPATIENT
CARE IN ZAMBIA
Vengkadesvararamana D.V., Tatarenkova I.A. NANOPARTICLE- 96
4

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