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Science
Quarter 3
How Do Light, Sound, and Heat Travel?
Science – Grade 4
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – How Do Light, Sound, and Heat Travel?
First Edition, 2022
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Published by the Department of Education Regional Office No. VIII

Regional Director: Dr. Evelyn R. Fetalvero CESO IV
Assistant Regional Director: Dr. Bebiano I. Sentillas CESO V
CLMD Chief: Dr. Harvie D. Villamor

Development Team of the Module

Authors: Maria Victoria R. Valenzona

Language Editors: Gertrudes C. Mabutin and Salvador A. Artigo, Jr.
Reviewers: Diana Rose C. Garrido, Gennie S. Lacanaria, Ryan R. Tiu, Bruna A. Epiz
Illustrators: Argie L.y, Claris Ycong and Brian Jessen M. Dignos
Layout Artist: Claris Ycong
Management Team:
EPS LRMS: Joy B. Bihag
EPS, Science: Ryan R. Tiu
Librarian II: Hydelyn N. Cinco
Teaching Aid Specialist: Romeo A. Alvarado
Consulting Team:
Project Team Lead: Ms. Marilou C. Flores
Documentation Lead: Ms. Ma. Clarinda A. Gutierrez
Curriculum/Content Development Lead: Dr. Jestoni P. Babia
Content Development: Mr. Vince Harvey Cabrera, Mr. Kevin John Encarnacion,
Engr. John Joseph Dela Corta, Ms. Judy Ann Malazarte,
Mr. John Nicko M. Coyoca
Graphics Design / Layout Lead: Anne Fleurbelle A. Aquino, Kyle Bryan T. Mapait

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education

Region VIII and Plan International

Office Address: Gov’t Center, Candahug, Palo, Leyte

Tele Fax: 8322997
E-mail Address: region8@deped.gov.ph
Foreword
The Self-Learning Module (SLM) is the Department of Education
Region VIII’s answer to the demands of the K to 12 Curriculum –to
integrate useful, relevant, and contextualized content that will complement
and supplement the limited learning resources that are available to
teachers and learners.

The SLM is a multipurpose learning material designed to ensure

learning continuity despite disruption of the regular class schedules. It
contains topics that are not only MELCs-based but are also interesting.
Moreover, it emphasizes the concepts of disaster preparedness, climate
change, safe schools, and emergencies, especially those that impact the
global scale and relate to Region VIII's needs and circumstances.

The module is interactive, in the sense that the learner can use it with
minimal or no supervision from the teacher; and supplementary, in a way
that it can be used along with the main textbooks while ensuring that its
subject matter is consistent with the prescribed curriculum.

With this SLM, we hope that the negative impact of disasters and
emergencies on the learners' education can be mitigated. Integrating these
concepts into the material will help the learners gain more knowledge and
awareness about them so that they can respond appropriately to the
challenges and problems of their communities.

With the support from Prudence Foundation through Safe Schools 3

project, the Department of Education, and Plan International Philippines,
which forged a dynamic partnership in producing this material, invite both
teachers and learners to use this SLM whenever possible or applicable so
they can explore new ideas and practices that will enhance learning.
 4

Science
Quarter 3
How Do Light, Sound, and Heat
Travel?

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and

reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and
or/universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders
to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the
Department of Education Regional Office VIII at region8@deped.gov.ph.

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn at home. If classroom
learning is not possible due to calamities, pandemics, armed conflicts, and
other circumstances that will prevent you from attending face-to-face
classes, this SLM will help you continue learning at home.

Each SLM comprises different parts, carefully labeled according to its

purpose. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you discover and
understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pretests are provided to measure your prior knowledge of lessons in

each SLM. The results will tell you if you can proceed with completing this
module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance to
better understand the lesson.

It would be best if you answered the posttest at the end of each

module to check your learning. An answer key is provided for each activity
and test. We trust that you will be honest in using this.

Please use this module with care. Read the instructions carefully
before performing each task. Avoid putting any mark on any part of this
SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper to answer the exercises and tests.

If you have some questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in

answering the tasks in this module, consult your teacher or facilitator.

Guide in Using This Self-Learning Module:

1. Use this Self-Learning Module with care. Keep it neat and clean. Use
a separate sheet to answer the exercises.
2. Read all parts and answer all exercises provided.
3. Follow instructions carefully. If you experience difficulties, consult
your teacher and learning facilitator. They are always ready to help
you.
4. Answer the activities and check the answers honestly.
5. Finish every task before going to the next part.
6. Return the accomplished Self-Learning Module with your answer
sheet to your learning facilitator or teacher.

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 What I Need to Know
Heat, light, and sound are all forms of energy. Heat can be transferred
through radiation, conduction, and convection. Visible light can be reflected,
refracted, and separated into the light of various colors. Earth has been bathed with
light from the Sun ever since; it is our most important source of energy. Sunlight
warms us, causes weather patterns, allows plants to manufacture oxygen and our
food from carbon dioxide and water, and it allows us to find our way around in the
daytime. When objects make sound, they move back and forth. This movement is
called vibration. A sound wave travels at different speeds through different media. As
it travels, sound waves are created in response to a vibration and how easily they
move back to their original position. Another cause is how strongly the particles are
attached or attracted to each other.

This module is written and designed for the learners to have a deeper
understanding of the properties and characteristics of light, sound, and heat.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe how light, sound, and heat travel (S4FE-IIIf-g-4); and
2. describe ways to protect oneself from exposure to excessive/intense light,
heat, and sound (S4FE-IIIi-j-6).

What I Know

ACTIVITY 1.1 | What word fits most?

Below are words in a box that would complete the given sentences. Read, analyze,
and supply each of the words that best fits the definition.

conduction reflection convection sun refraction

1. _______________ is the main source of heat and light on earth.

2. The transfer of heat in solid materials is called _______________.
3. When liquid or gas is heated, the molecules of the heated part move faster and
away from each other. Warm liquid rises and cold liquid sinks. This movement
continues until the liquid is evenly heated. This method of heat transfer is called
_______________.
4. _______________ is when light or sound bounces off an object.
5. _______________ is the bending of light as it travels from one type of material to
another.

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 ACTIVITY 1.2 | What’s True? What’s False?

Write True if the sentence is correct and False if it is wrong. Do this on a separate
sheet of paper.

_____ 1. Light travels in a straight line when it passes through a single medium.
_____ 2. Sound loses strength as it spreads outward in all directions from the
source.
_____ 3. Volume refers to the loudness and softness of sound.
_____ 4. Soft sound is produced when an object vibrates fast.
_____ 5. The echo is the sound that is reflected or returned.

How Light, Heat, and Sound Travel

Light is a form of energy. We use energy in our daily activities. Light plays a
vital role in our everyday lives. It guides us throughout the day. It helps us to see and
enjoy the beauty around us.
Light travels in straight lines. Sometimes it bounces back into the direction of
the source. We call this reflection. Water, windows, shiny metal, and mirrors are just
some of the many objects that reflect light. When light passes from one material into
a second material like mirror or water, the light path is either bent/refracted or
reflected back.
The Sun is the most important source of heat and light on the earth. The sun’s
ultraviolet rays help the human body to make vitamin D, which is important for our
bones, blood cells, and immune system. Plants get energy from sunlight. Without
sunlight, a plant would not be able to produce the energy it needs to grow. The Sun’s
energy also helps the animals get vitamin D by eating plants. Without the Sun's heat
and light, the Earth would be a lifeless ball of ice-coated rock. The Sun warms our
seas, stirs our atmosphere, generates our weather patterns, and gives energy to the
growing green plants that provide the food and oxygen for life on Earth.
A sound wave travels at different speeds through different media. As it travels,
it often bumps into objects it encounters. If it hits a hard smooth surface, the wave
reflects. That means the sound bounces back. The sound wave that bounces back is
called an echo.
Can you name other sources of heat and light?

How about animals that use sound waves in order to move and find their way
through?

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 What’s In
ACTIVITY 2.1 | Heat on the Move

Directions: Identify which type of heat transfer is taking place? Write Conduction,
Convection, or Radiation in the blank spaces to show the type of heat transfer.

________ 1. The water boils hot water rises and

cold-water sinks

________ 2. Cooking vegetables by stir frying

________ 3. A spoon in a cup of hot soup

becomes warmer

________ 4. Grill a fish over a charcoal flame

________ 5. You feel the heat from a campfire

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 ACTIVITY 2.2 | Find Me!

Directions: Find the following words in the table. Draw a line to connect the letters of
the word that you find.

echo loud vibrations soft sound

E C H O E S L A S A

D F V S O U N D T R

S O F T Y N O I S E

V I B R A T I O N S

C H A R L O U D N E

R I A N O W B I J M

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 What’s New

ACTIVITY 3 | Heat Protection

The heat and light from the sun travel via radiation. We need to protect ourselves
from the intense heat of the sun. There are three of these in this photo. Find them
and answer the questions that follow. Do this in a sheet of paper.

1. What sun-protecting things were you able to identify in the photo?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. What do these objects do to help us get protected from too much heat and
light from the sun? Give the use of each object.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

3. What else can we do to protect ourselves from the light and heat of the sun?
List down at least three.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

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 What Is It

Nothing is more important to us on Earth than the Sun. Without the Sun's heat
and light, the Earth would be a lifeless ball of ice-coated rock. The Sun warms our
seas, stirs our atmosphere, generates our weather patterns, and gives energy to the
growing green plants that provide the food and oxygen for life on Earth.
According to NASA, the Earth’s average surface temperature has increased
about 1.8°F over the past hundred years, making 2017 one of the hottest years ever
recorded. Most scientists expect the climate to at least warm another 0.5°F to as
much as 8.6°F by 2100.
What’s the big deal about a little extra heat? According to most scientists, as
glaciers and polar ice sheets melt, rising sea levels could threaten coastal areas.
And this global warming causes other changes to the Earth’s climate, including
harsher droughts, stronger hurricanes, and shifting wind and ocean patterns.
Together, these changes are known as climate change.

HEAT TRANSFER

1. Heat is a form of energy associated with the motion of particles and capable
of being transmitted through solid and liquid media by conduction, convection,
and through empty space by radiation. As thermal energy, it is transferred
between bodies of different temperatures.

2. The transfer of heat in solid materials is called conduction. Conduction is the

heat transfer through a substance or from a substance to another by direct
contact. There are materials that allow heat to flow through easily. We call
them conductors. Metals are good conductors. That’s why we use them as
cooking utensils because heat moves through the metal pan to the food.
There are materials through which heat passes slowly or not at all. We call
these insulators. Some good insulators are wood, plastic, and ceramic.

3. Heat travels in air and water by convection. When liquid or gas is heated, the
molecules of the heated part move faster and away from each other. Warm
liquid rises and cold liquid sinks. This movement continues until the liquid is
evenly heated. This method of heat transfer is called convection. This is also
true with winds and breezes. Warm air rises, expands and cools. Cool air
sinks. Convection is the reason why we have wind movements and local
breezes. During the daytime, air over the land is heated. It rises and expands.
Cool air over the sea moves towards the land. That’s why you feel a
refreshing breeze by the seaside during the daytime.

4. Heat can also be transmitted across space or vacuum. This is called radiation.
Radiation does not depend on the presence of matter to transfer heat. The

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 heat we receive from the sun is radiant energy. Radiant energy travels as
waves through space. Heat waves hit Earth and cause warming. Our
atmosphere traps the warmth. Your house gets warm when the sun’s waves
or rays travel through a window and are trapped in your house. Heatwaves
are invisible. All warm objects radiate or give off heat waves. Some other
examples of heat transfer by radiation are the heat you feel when you are
near a fire source, the heat given off by an electric heater, and the heat near a
hot oven.

5. Solar radiation is radiant energy emitted by the sun, particularly

electromagnetic energy. About half of the radiation is in the visible short-wave
part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The other half is mostly in the near-
infrared part, with some in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum. The portion of
this ultraviolet radiation that is not absorbed by the atmosphere produces a
suntan or a sunburn on people who have been in sunlight for extended
periods of time.

LIGHT AND HEAT

1. The sun is the primary source of natural light. Most people love to spend time
outside on sunny days. However, staying under the sun for extended periods
of time can also lead to complications. There are risks of getting sunburn and
other ailments, even skin cancer. That is why, it is also important to practice
precautions, like applying sunscreen, before being exposed to the sun.

2. Heat is very useful not only in cooking foods and manufacturing products. It is
also a beneficial agent in curing a number of illnesses. But you are also
aware that too much heat is not safe for anyone. Exposure to the heat of the
sun for extended periods of time can lead to sunburn, or serious damage to
the surface of the skin, and dehydration, or lack of water in the body. Other
heat-related ailments include heat syncope or dizziness, heat cramps or
tightening of the muscles, heat edema or swelling of the feet and ankle, and
heat exhaustion or nausea and weaknesses. Heat exhaustion can also lead
to a body temperature drastically rises and causes some systems of the body
to malfunction.

3. Being aware of the bad effects of heat and light could enable us to come up
with the ways to protect ourselves from the dangers they may pose to our
health.

● We can use umbrellas, hats and sunglasses to protect us from the

excessive heat of the sun.
● We can also do simple things such as:
a. We should avoid playing under the sun when it is high noon.
b. Let us not look directly at the sun.
c. Apply sunblock lotion when we go swimming.

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While climate change is a global process, it has very local impacts that can
profoundly affect communities. It can affect people’s health and well-being in many
ways, some of which are already occurring by:
● Increasing the frequency and severity of heatwaves, leading to more heat-
related illnesses and deaths.
● Increasing temperatures and causing poor air quality that can affect the heart
and worsen cardiovascular disease.

Here are some health tips from Patient First to protect yourself and others during
extreme heat:
• To avoid heat-related illnesses, wear light-weight, light-colored clothing
made of breathable material, like cotton.
• Stay hydrated by drinking water throughout the day.
• Avoid strenuous outdoor activity on hot days.
• If you’re outside, take frequent breaks in cool places.
• Air conditioning is the best way to protect against heat-related illness. If
you don’t have any in your home, spend time in air-conditioned locations
such as shopping malls, public libraries, or public shelters.
• Know the symptoms of heat exhaustion: heavy sweating, headache,
dizziness, nausea, rapid heartbeat, skin that feels cool and moist, and
muscle cramps.
• If you suspect heat exhaustion, move to a cooler location, apply cool wet
cloth to your body, and drink cool water.
• If you or someone you know vomits or refuses to drink, call the
emergency hotline. Heat exhaustion can lead to heatstroke.
(retrieved from pilotOnline.com “8 Ways to Protect Yourself from the
Heat”, April 15, 2019)

SOUND

Sound is a type of energy made by vibrations. When any object vibrates, it

causes movement in the air particles. These particles bump into the particles close
to them, which makes them vibrate too causing them to bump into more air particles.
This movement, called sound waves, keeps going until they run out of energy. If your
ear is within range of the vibrations, you hear the sound.
The sounds that you hear may vary in different ways. Some sounds may be
too loud while others may be too soft. The volume of the sound depends on the
strength of a vibration. Loud sounds may not be pleasing to the ears.
Sounds like light, could bounce back to its original source. The sound that is
reflected or returned is what we call an echo. The transmission of sound waves to
locate objects is called echolocation. Animals like bats and whales rely on
echolocation to move, catch food, and find their way through.

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 What’s More

ACTIVITY 5 | Preventing Heat Damage

Directions: Which of the following shows preventive measures against too much
heat and light from the sun? Put a checkmark on the corresponding column.
NOT a preventive
Activity Preventive measure
measure
1. Watering the plants regularly
2. Giving animals adequate water
to drink
3. Walking under the sun without
using hats or umbrellas
4. Children playing outdoor games
during sunny days
5. Staying inside the house when
the sun is shining brightly

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 What I Have Learned

ACTIVITY 6 |My Ideal Summer Wear!

Direction: You and your family are planning to go to a beach. The weather is fine,
yet you know that at high noon you can feel the intense heat of the sun. What will
you do so that you can still enjoy your beach party, yet be protected from the sun’s
light and heat? Draw a poster to show your answer on a short bond paper. Color
your work.

Rubric in Making a Poster

Category 4 3 2 1

Coverage Details on the Details on the Details on the Details on the

of the poster capture poster include poster relate to poster have
Topic the important important the topic but little or nothing
information about information are too general to do with the
the topic and about the topic or incomplete. main topic.
increase the but the The audience
audience’s audience may needs more
understanding. need more information to
information to understand.
understand
fully.

Layout and All information on Most of the Some of the Much of the
Design the poster is in information on information on information on
focus and can be the poster is in the poster is in the poster is
easily viewed focus and the focus and unclear or too
and identified. content can be some of the small.
easily viewed content is
and identified. easily viewed
and identified.

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 What I Can Do

ACTIVITY 7 | The Shoebox Solar Hotdog Cooking Experiment

Direction: Below is an experiment that would help you understand how heat can be
transferred. Do the experiment with adult supervision.

What you need:

- shoebox NOTE: Do this activity under the
- 1 roll of aluminum foil supervision of adults. Be careful in
- 1 piece of a barbecue stick handling the barbeque stick.
- hotdog

What to do:
1. Place an aluminum foil inside the lining of the shoebox. Make sure that all
sides are covered with aluminum foil.
2. Make a hole on both ends of the shoebox. Make use of the sharp end of
the barbecue stick. Be careful in punching a hole into the shoebox.
3. Insert the barbecue stick into the hotdog and carefully place it inside the
shoebox. Cover the shoebox. The setup should look like the illustration found
on page 192 of the Science Learners material Grade
4. Find a sunny area within the school ground. It must be free from any
obstruction. Place your hotdog cooker in the area and let it stand there for
about 30-40 minutes. (The best time for you to place the hotdog cooker
outside is during high noon.)
5. Get the shoebox after 40 minutes. Record your observations by answering
the guide questions below.

Guide Questions:
1. What do you observe with the box when you open it after 40 minutes?
2. Was there any noticeable change in the appearance of the hotdog?
3. What could have caused this/this change/s?
4. What does this activity tell us about the transfer of heat to the different
materials?

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 Assessment
Directions: Describe how heat, sound, and light travel by answering the following
items. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on a separate sheet of
paper.
________ 1. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Light always travels in a straight line.
B. Sound travels faster in air than in solids.
C. Heat transfer through liquid is known as radiation.
D. Sound cannot travel through the air.
________ 2. In which medium can sound waves travel faster?
A. solids
B. liquids
C. gases
D. all of these
________ 3. Which of the following shows a proper way of protecting oneself from
the heat of the sun?
A. Wearing protective clothing like long-sleeved clothes if you are
working under the sun
B. Drinking plenty of water to keep hydrated during summer
C. Use a wide-brimmed hat when working in the fields
D. All of the above.
________ 4. Which of the following materials can be used to protect ourselves from
excessive heat and light?
A. perfume
B. hat
C. bracelet
D. headband
________ 5. When we are in the classroom, which of the following sounds may
reach our ear first?
A. Sound from tapping the table
B. Ring of a bell from the principal’s office
C. Whisper of your seatmate seated behind the room
D. Chirps of a bird in a nearby tree

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 Additional Activity

Now that we are at the end of our lesson, you have learned how light and heat
travel. To apply your understanding of this lesson, do this last activity.
You and your family are planning to go to a beach. The weather is fine, yet
you know that at high noon you can feel the intense heat of the sun. What will you do
so that you can still enjoy your beach party, yet be protected from the sun’s light and
heat? Draw a poster to show your answer. Color your work. Do this on a separate
sheet of paper.

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Answer Key

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References

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science and Health 4 Competency 4 page 56;

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science and Health 4 Competency 4 page 57

Https://History.Nasa.Gov/. Retrieved August 26, 2021, from

https://history.nasa.gov/EP-177/ch3-1.html

"Free Vector | Sun Cream On Shoulder Realistic". 2022. Freepik.

https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/sun-cream-shoulder-re
alistic_6168947.htm#query=sun%20screen%20beach&pos
ition=3&from_view=search.

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 For questions and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Regional Office No. 8

Government Center, Candahug, Palo, Leyte
Telefax: (053) 832-2997; (053) 832-4627
Email Address: region8@deped.gov.ph * lrmds.region8@deped.gov.ph

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