Title : The Belt and Road Initiative in Indonesia: Importance, Concerns and Issues on

the Implementation
An
 Table Content:

1. Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Significance of the study
1.3 Review of the literature
1.4 Research Methodology

Chapter 2: Understanding the Belt and Road Initiative

2.1 Objectives and Key Components
2.2 Geopolitical Context and Motivations
2.3 BRI Projects Overview

Chapter 3: Indonesia's Participation in the Belt and Road Initiative

3.1 Indonesia-China Relations Before BRI
3.2 Indonesia's Involvement in BRI: Motivations and Expectations
3.3 Indonesian Government Policies towards BRI
3.4 BRI Projects and Investments in Indonesia

Chapter 4: Economic Impacts of the Belt and Road Initiative on Indonesia

4.1 Trade and Investment Patterns
4.2 Infrastructure Development and Connectivity
4.3 Industrial Cooperation and Economic Zones
4.4 Employment and Labor Market Dynamics

Chapter 5: Socio-cultural Implications of BRI in Indonesia

5.1 Cultural Exchange and People-to-People Contacts
5.2 Environmental Concerns and Sustainability
5.3 Social Integration and Community Development
5.4 Education and Human Capital Development

Chapter 6: Political and Strategic Ramifications for Indonesia

6.1 Diplomatic Relations and Geostrategic Positioning
6.2 Security Implications and National Sovereignty
6.3 Domestic Political Discourse on BRI
6.4 Implications for Indonesia's Foreign Policy

Chapter 7: Concerns and Issues on the Implementation

7.1 Economic-Related Aspects
7.1.1 Issues Associated with Foreign Workers from China
7.1.2 Issues Concerning Technology, Technology Transfer and Environment
7.1.3 Issues Concerning Trade Balance and Fiscal Burden
7.1.4 Issues Concerning Small and Medium Enterprises Involvement in BRI Projects
7.1.5 Issues and Obstacles with BRI Implementation
7.2 Political and Strategic Aspects
7.2.1 BRI and Strategic Issues in the Region
7.2.2 Social Issues and Opinions Related to Chinese Investment and Workers
 7.2.3 Spillover from Domestic Political Process
Chapter 8: Indonesia and BRI: Views from Local Level
8.1 Kawasan Industri Terpadu Sei Mangkei di Sumatera Utara
8.2 Pembangunan infrastruktur di kawasan pariwisata Toba-Sumatera Utara,
8.3 Bandara Sam Ratulangi di Sulawesi Utara
8.4 Pembangkit listrik tenaga air 9.000 MW di Sungai Kayan-Kalimantan Utara.

Chapter 9: Prospects and Challenges of BRI from Some ASEAN Countries’ Perspectives

Chapter 10: Way Forward and Policy Recommendations

Case Studies and Analysis of BRI Projects in Indonesia

8.1 Infrastructure Development: Ports, Roads, and Railways

.1.1 Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Rail Project

3.1.2 Patimban Port Development

3.1.3 Trans-Sumatra Toll Road Initiative
3.2 Energy sector investment
3.2.1 Power Plants
3.2.2 Renewable Energy
8.3 Industrial Parks and Special Economic Zones

Chapter 1: Introduction
1.4 Background of the study
1.5 Significance of the study
1.6 Review of the literature
1.4 Research Methodology

Chapter 2: Outline the Objectives of the Belt and Road Initiatives in Indonesia
2.1 Economic Objectives
2.1.1 Facilitate Trade Expansion
2.1.3 Stimulate Economic Growth
2.2 Political Objectives
2.2.1 Strengthening Diplomatic Ties between China and Indonesia
2.2.2 Global Influence and Indonesia's Position
2.3 Social Objectives
2.3.1 Cultural Exchanges and People-to-People Ties
2.3.2 Local Community Engagement
2.4. Infrastructure Objectives
2.4.1 Ports and Transportation
2.4.2 Energy Infrastructure
2.4.3 Telecommunications Networks
2.4.4 Trade and Economic Zones
2.4.5 Logistics and Warehousing
2.4.6 Customs and Border Infrastructure
2.5 Environmental Sustainability
2.6 Poverty Alleviation in Indonesia
Chapter 3: Infrastructure Advancements Impacts
3.1 Transportation Networks
3.1.1 Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Rail Project
3.1.2 Patimban Port Development
3.1.3 Trans-Sumatra Toll Road Initiative
3.2 Energy Infrastructure
3.2.1 Power Plants
3.2.2 Renewable Energy
3.3 Technology Integration
3.3.1 Technological advancements and their effects
3.3.2 E-commerce and its impact on trade facilitation

Chapter 4: Trade Policy Impacts

4.1 Changes in Tariff Structures
4.1.1 Tariff Reductions or Eliminations
4.2 Trade Facilitation Agreements 4
4.2.1 Agreements Simplifying Trade Processes
4.3 Streamlined Import-Export Regulations
4.3.1 Regulatory Changes to Facilitate Trade

Chapter 5 Economic and Social Impacts

5.1 Growth in Trade Volume
5.1.1 Increased Trade Activities and Volumes
5.2 Impact on GDP
5.2.1 Positive Contribution to Indonesia's GDP
5.3 Increased Market Access
5.3.1 Export and Import opportunities
5.4 Reduced Trade Barriers
5.5 Employment Opportunities
5.6 Industrial Transformation and Diversification
5.7 Cultural Exchange

Chapter 6: Challenges and Opportunities

6.1 Challenges Faced by Indonesia
6.1.1 Regulatory and Policy Challenges
6.1.2 Socioeconomic and Environmental Concerns
6.1.3 Debt Concerns
6.2 Opportunities Arising from BRI
6.2.1 Economic Opportunities
6.2.2 Strengthening Indonesia's Position in Global Trade

Concerns and Issues over the BRI: Economic-Related Aspects Issues Associated with Foreign
Workers from China

Issues Concerning Technology, Technology Transfer and Environment

Issues Concerning Trade Balance and Fiscal Burden

Issues Concerning Small and Medium Enterprises Involvement in BRI Projects

Issues and Obstacles with BRI Implementation.

Concerns and Issues over BRI: Political and Strategic Aspects

BRI and Strategic Issues in the Region

Social Issues and Opinions Related to Chinese Investment and Workers

Spillover from Domestic Political Process

Chapter 7: Suggestion for Indonesia Trade Facilitation in BRI

7.1 Improving Trade Infrastructure
7.2 Enhancing Policy Coordination
7.3 Strengthening Bilateral Agreements

Chapter 8: Conclusion and Recommendations

8.1 Summary of Key Findings
8.2 Implications for Indonesia's Trade Facilitation Strategies
8.3 Recommendations for Policy and Future Research

References
List of Tables & Figures
Acknowledgments

ABSTRACT

The following study was aimed to examine and analyze the impact of Belt and Road initiative on
Indonesia trade facilitation and infrastructure. The study followed a qualitative design for research
method and made use of a secondary form of data collection, in which existing knowledge was
identified, analyzed and then made part of the study. Considering the research design, philosophy and
method of data collection, the kind of analysis used for this study was content analysis, keywords
were used to identify relevant researches, such that meanings could be quantified and analyzed.
Through this research, it was found that the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was considered to be an
aspiring project started. It was also found that BRI has changed Indonesia's trade by improving its
infrastructure, especially in transportation. This makes moving goods faster and trade smoother.
However, there are challenges. Things like making rules the same across different places, taking care
of the environment, and managing risks are important. Solving these challenges will help Indonesia
get the most out of BRI. In conclusion, this study gives useful information about how BRI influences
Indonesia's trade facilitation and infrastructure.

1.1 Research Background

The One Belt One Road (OBOR) or Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is considered to be an
ambitious project initiated, designed and curated by the President of China, Xi Jinping (Lim et al.,
2016). In 2013, the People’s Republic of China formally announced BRI, in which the country aimed to
re-invent the historic trade route known as the Silk Road (Chohan, 2018). Although, the plan has been
envisioned to re-establish the Silk Road, in reality, it is based on modern technology and a maritime
trade route, which is fitting for the existing trade of the time. The widely ambitious policy developed
under OBOR is to improve and increase connectivity and communication between countries located
on three main continents of the world; Asia, Africa and Europe. If achieved, the OBOR project will
span through an area that is home to two-thirds of the global population and generate one-third of
the global economy (Rahman and Shurong, 2017). Considering the aspiring nature of the project, this
study will analyze OBOR as a facilitative aspect of global trade.

In October 3, 2013, President Xi Jinping put forward the idea of "building a maritime Silk Road
in twenty-first Century" or recently popularly known as The One Belt One Road Initiative (“OBOR”) ,
and also labelled as Belt and Road (“B&R”) or Belt and Road Initiative (“BRI”) in Jakarta, Indonesia.
This giant project is focusing on improving connectivity and cooperation among multiple countries.
Over the past 5 years, China has signed the "one belt and one way" cooperation document with more
than 150 countries and international organizations. A large number of cooperation projects have
landed, which has effectively promoted the economic development and improvement of people's
livelihood of all countries along the belt road. The One Belt One Road Initiative (“OBOR”) are consist
of two kind of route trade, the first is land-based trade called New Silk Road Economic Belt . President
Xi Jinping firstly release this initiative concept when he was visiting Kazakhstan in 2013. The land-
based trade is covering area starting from Xian, capital of Shanxi Province in central China, country in
central Asia, Russia, until Germany. The other route will connect southern China to Singapore across
the ASEAN mainland and another route starting from Central Asia to West Asia. So, this land-based
trade route will connect China with Central Asia, West Asia, the Middle East and Europe (Jetin, 2017).
The other trade route is sea-based route called 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road . This sea route was
developed as an effort to strengthen China's relations with South and Southeast Asia which focuses
on maritime trade. This 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road connects important ports in China with the
South China Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean, Africa and Europe (Sharma & Kundu, 2016). After
agreeing to join the OBOR project with China government, the two sides have actively docked
development strategies, deepened cooperation in an all-round way and achieved fruitful results.
Although Sino Indonesian cooperation under the "belt and road" framework faces many challenges
and problems, the governments and enterprises of both countries are making active efforts to create
a good atmosphere for the "one belt and one road" docking with the "global maritime project" and
the economic cooperation between the two countries. In the other hand, even this collaboration
project between Indonesia and China achieved a good result, but it is also creating opportunities and
challenge for Indonesia because it intersects with Indonesia’s national interest itself. In this paper, the
writer will try to describe and analyse the opportunities and challenge that Indonesia get from the big
project of the Belt and Road Initiative.