MODULE 9. Science and Technology of the Modern World. Design.

Artificial
Intelligence. Digitalization
Class 9.1 - Defining Design. Design is Everywhere
Class 9.2 - History of Design. Design through the Ages
Class 9.3 - Artificial Intelligence, Modal Verbs of Possibility, Probability and
Obligation
Class 9.4 - Heroes of Design, Famous Designers + Modals
Class 9.5 - A life of Design: Innovations + Modals

MODULE 9. Science and technology of the modern world. Design. Наука і

техніка сучасного світу. Дизайн
CLASS 9.1. Defining design

1. Vocabulary (- design)
Cambridge Dictionary
design (noun):
● the way in which something is planned and made
● a drawing that shows how an object, machine, or building will be made
a pattern or decoration
● the process of making drawings to show how something will be made

to design (verb):
● to draw or plan something before making it
● be designed to do sth - to have been planned or done for a particular
purpose

Oxford Languages Dictionary

design (noun):
● a plan or drawing produced to show the look and function or workings of
a building, garment, or other object before it is made
● a decorative pattern

to design (verb):
● decide upon the look and functioning of (a building, garment, or other
object), by making a detailed drawing of it.

Merriam-Webster Dictionary
design (noun):
● a particular purpose or intention held in view by an individual or group
 ● a mental project or scheme in which means to an end are laid down
● a preliminary sketch or outline showing the main features of something to
be executed
● a plan or protocol for carrying out or accomplishing something (such as a
scientific experiment)
● the creative art of executing aesthetic or functional designs

The Britannica Dictionary

to design (verb):
● to plan and make decisions about (something that is being built or
created) : to create the plans, drawings, etc., that show how (something)
will be made
● to plan and make (something) for a specific use or purpose
● to think of (something, such as a plan) : to plan (something) in your mind

design (noun):
● the way something has been made : the way the parts of something (such
as a building, machine, book, etc.) are formed and arranged for a
particular use, effect, etc
● the process of planning how something will look, happen, be made, etc
● the process of designing something
● a decorative pattern that covers something : a repeating picture, shape,
etc., on something

Collins Dictionary
to design (verb):
● when someone designs a garment, building, machine, or other object,
they plan it and make a detailed drawing of it from which it can be built
or made.
● when someone designs a survey, policy, or system, they plan and prepare
it, and decide on all the details of it.

design (noun):
● design is the process and art of planning and making detailed drawings of
something
● the design of something is the way in which it has been planned and made
 ● a design is a drawing which someone produces to show how they would
like something to be built or made
● a design is a pattern of lines, flowers, or shapes which is used to decorate
something
● a design is a general plan or intention that someone has in their mind
when they are doing something.

2. Reading & Speaking

- (ex-s 1, 2ab p. 72 – CB, Intermediate)

ex. 1 p.72
I would speak about my office chair, because I think it's a great example of
well-designed thing not only in my home but in general too. The comfortable
and supportive office chair is a piece that has evolved beyond its usual origins
to become a symbol of ergonomic sophistication (ergonomic is the study of the
design of furniture and the way this affects people's ability to work effectively).
That chair crafted with consideration for human anatomy, these chairs support
the back and promote good posture, mitigating discomfort during prolonged
periods of sitting. It's preventing strain and potential health issues associated
with extended sitting. You can customize the height and armrests support for
your specific needs. Moreover, the simplicity and cleanliness of the design
contribute to the chair's versatility. Aesthetically pleasing, a well-designed
office chair blends with various home aesthetics. Chairs like this complement
the overall design scheme. The well-designed office chair emerges as a crucial
element in the modern home, combining ergonomic excellence, adjustability,
durability, and aesthetic compatibility

ex. 2a p.72
Incorrect ideas about design: Extract 4 (Many people have misconceptions
about design.)
The essential element in good design: Extract 3 (fulfils a user's need)
What design is: Extract 1 (the word design means different things to different
people) & Extract 2 (designers turn an idea into something...)
The restrictions on designers: Extract 5 (Designers, unlike artists...)
What designers do: Extract 2 (designers turn an idea into something...)
ex. 2b p.72
Designers are the same as scientists and engineers. False. Extract 2
highlights that scientists, engineers, and manufacturers all play different roles,
while designers combine their efforts into a desirable final product.
Magazines don't make mistakes when talking about design. False. Extract 4
mentions that magazines often confuse "design" with "style" or "fashion,"
highlighting their occasional inaccurate representations.
Design is all about appearance. False. Both Extract 3 and 4 emphasize that
design is much more than just aesthetics, encompassing functionality, user
needs, commercial viability, and safety.
The secret of good design is to be new and different. Partially False. While
innovation can be a result of design processes, Extract 3 clarifies that successful
design prioritizes fulfilling user needs, not just being new or different.
Designers, like artists, have a lot of freedom. False. Extract 5 outlines the
commercial constraints designers face, requiring them to consider factors like
market demand, production costs, and safety, unlike artists who may have
greater creative autonomy.

3. RG – word building, adjectives)

- (ex-s 3, 6abc p. 73 – CB, Intermediate)
ex. 3 p.71

verb noun (person) noun (thing, adjective

concept)
design designer design designed
science scientist science scientific
manufacture manufacturer manufacturing manufactured
produce producer product productive
engineer engineer engineering engineered
use user use usable
develop developer development developing
innovate innovator innovation innovative
invent inventor invention inventive
 ? artist art artistic

ex. 6a p.71
Elegant: Attractive and graceful in a simple and sophisticated way.

Functional: Practical and serving a purpose well.

Futuristic: Imagined to be from the future, often characterized by advanced

technology and unusual shapes.

Handmade: Made by hand, without the use of machines.

Innovative: New and original, introducing new ideas or methods.

Mass-produced: Made in large quantities using machines.

Retro: Imitating a style from the past, often associated with nostalgia.

Simple: Not complicated or elaborate, easy to understand and use.

Streamlined: Having a smooth, simplified shape, often to reduce air resistance

or make something more efficient.

Stylish: Attractive and fashionable, following the current trends.

Traditional: Established and used for a long time, often associated with cultural
heritage or customs.

Up-to-date: Current and not outdated, reflecting the latest styles or trends.

ex. 6b p.71
he past (2 words): Retro, Traditional
2. Methods of manufacture (2 words): Handmade, Mass-produced
3. Designs which are new and different (2 words): Futuristic, Innovative

ex. 6c p.71
Attractive and fashionable: Stylish
Modern: Up-to-date

With a smooth shape: Streamlined

Attractive and graceful: Elegant

Not complicated: Simple

Useful: Functional

***4. Speaking***
- (Your Favourite Design)

Today we talked a lot about design, so I wanted to talk about me favourite anti-
design. I would speak about Greek designer who transforms everyday objects
into useless art.
Her name is Katerina Kamprani, and she's known for creating everyday objects
that are completely impractical. From chairs that are impossible to sit on to
lamps that don't give off any light, Katerina Kamprani's work is sure to make
you smile.
But there's more to Katerina Kamprani's work than just humor. She also uses
her designs to challenge our ideas about what art is and can be. By taking
everyday objects and transforming them into useless works of art, she asks us to
consider the relationship between function and form.
Is art only valuable if it serves a purpose? Or can it be valuable simply for its
beauty or its ability to make us think? These are the questions that Katerina
Kamprani's work explores.

At its essence, The Uncomfortable is a collection of deliberately inconvenient

everyday objects: A fork with a chain in the middle of its handle. Open-toe rain
boots. A watering can whose spout faces in on itself. These designs start out as
3D renderings, and then some Kamprani manufactures into prototypes. “My
goal is to deconstruct the invisible design language of simple everyday objects,
and tweak their fundamental properties in order to surprise you and make you
laugh,” she said. “But I also want it to help you appreciate the complexity and
depth of interactions with the simplest of objects around us.”
CLASS 9.2.
History of design: Design through the ages
1. Vocabulary (abstract nouns – ex. 4 p. 74 – CB, Intermediate)
Efficiency - c) working well without wasting time or energy
Modernity - a) using styles that are different from traditional styles
Optimism - d) the belief that good things will happen
Consumerism - f) the buying and selling of goods and services
Streamlining - e) improving the shape of something so it moves more easily
Industrialisation - b) the process of becoming an area that has a lot of industry

2. Reading & Speaking

- (ex-s 1,2ab, 7 pp. 74-75, Intermediate, CB)
ex. 1 p. 74
1. first text - C (car) - 1930-1939
2. second text - B (red plastic chair) - 1960-1969
3. third text - A (wind-up radio) - 1990-1999

ex. 2 p. 74-75

1930s-1939: streamlining, ergonomics, advances in communication (?)

This period witnessed the rise of streamlining, a design movement heavily

influenced by advancements in communication, particularly aeronautics. The
desire for efficiency and modernity fuelled this trend, exemplified by the
Chrysler Airflow car's aerodynamic design.

This period also saw the emergence of ergonomics or human-centred design,

pioneered by Henry Dreyfuss. His work on the Bell 3000 telephone showcased
the concept of designing products that adapt to human needs for better user
experience.

1960s-1969: young consumers, short-live products

This period was marked by the growing influence of young consumers. They
wanted change and variety. Manufacturers targeted them with products like
Verner Panton's plastic chair and Eero Aarnio's Ball Chair, emphasizing short-
lived products and a "throwaway" society. The space age inspired the
emergence of new materials and design styles. This is evident in the futuristic
clothing designs, like Courreges' silver foil suits, that emerged during this
period.

1990s-1999: recycling, advances in communication

Growing concerns about environmental damage and resource depletion

significantly impacted design choices in the 1990s. Products like solar cars and
Jane Atfield's recycled plastic shelving unit exemplify the focus on durability
and recycling.

The communication revolution, such as the rise of the internet and mobile
phones also influenced design. Trevor Baylis's wind-up radio, for instance,
demonstrates how innovation addressed both environmental and communication
needs.

ex. 2b p. 74

1930s 1960s 1990s

ideas streamlining, youth market and focusing on
ergonomics orientation on product
young consumers, durability, care
short-live for the
products, idea of environment,
a “throwaway” advances in
society, futuristic communication
design
designers designers, who Verner Panton, Trevor Baylis,
works at Eero Aarnio Jane Atfield
Chrysler, Henry
Dreyfuss
products the Airflow Bright red plastic solar and electric
(streamlined car) chair, Ball chair, cars, wind-up
‘silver foil’ suits radio
materials bakelite (an early different kind of recycling paper
type of plastic) plastic and other
recycled materials

ex. 3 p.73
Each era holds its own unique charm, making it challenging to declare a single
period as the "most interesting," "most useful," or "most exciting."

But in my opinion, the most interesting period is the 1930s, because the 1930s
were an era of sleekness and efficiency. People wanted things to be faster, more
efficient, and modern. So, designers started to make things with smooth, curved
shapes. This is called "streamlining." The Chrysler Airflow car is a famous
example of this. Additionally, ergonomics emerged during this time. The Bell
3000 telephone showed how designers started to think about making products
that were easier for people to use. This was an important step towards creating
products that were more user-friendly.

The most exciting period for me is the 1960s, because this period can be called
the period of search. Designers began to use new materials, new shapes, new
combinations of colours. The space age served as a major source of inspiration,
leading to the exploration of new aesthetics. However, this era also saw the rise
of short-lived products and a "throwaway culture," posing significant
environmental challenges.

Finally, the most useful in my opinion is the period of the 1990s. The 1990s saw
a paradigm shift towards environmental consciousness. Concerns about
resource depletion and environmental damage sparked the creation of
innovative, sustainable products, such as solar cars and recycled plastic
furniture. The rise of the internet and mobile phones not only changed how we
communicate, but also influenced design choices. Trevor Baylis' wind-up radio
perfectly exemplifies this, demonstrating how innovations can address both
environmental and communication needs.

3. RG – modals
- (ex-s 6-7 p. 75 - Intermediate, CB)
ex. 6 p.73
1. The chair could be useful for all kinds of people. (b) It is possible for
me/us to...
 2. We can't use steel. (a) We am/are (not) able to...
3. We should make it in just three colours. (d) It is advisable (not) to...
4. It must be cheap if we want to be competitive. (e) It is essential that... (a
general rule)
5. It doesn't have to be very different. (g) It is not necessary to....
6. It has to be safe because the regulations are very strict now. (e) It is
essential that... (a general rule)
7. We could launch it just before the summer. (b) It is possible for me/us
to...
8. We really mustn't miss this opportunity, (h) It is necessary or important
not to...
9. ... we shouldn't launch until we're really ready. (d) It is advisable (not)
to...
10. I can do some designs before we meet again. (a) We am/are (not) able
to…
ex. 7 p.73

1. This material mustn't be used as it harms people's health.

2. This material isn't strong enough. It could break under pressure.
3. We could change the design, but I'm not sure that's the answer.
4. We have a problem with the design, but it shouldn't be difficult to
resolve.
5. We must be more innovative, or we will go out of business.
6. We have to change the shape of the model so that it meets government
regulations.
7. We must hire that designer. She's the best in the business.

***4. Speaking***
- (Your Ideas for One Product Design)
Collapsible Solar Backpack with Integrated Charging

Travellers and outdoor enthusiasts often struggle with carrying bulky chargers
and finding reliable power sources on the go. Traditional backpacks may lack
built-in charging capabilities and offer limited space for carrying portable
chargers.

My proposed product is a collapsible solar backpack with integrated charging

that addresses these issues by collapsible design, integrated solar panels,
internal power bank.
The backpack folds flat for easy storage and transportation. The backpack's
material includes built-in solar panels that convert sunlight into electricity. The
captured solar energy is stored in an internal power bank, allowing users to
charge their devices. The backpack retains functionality with various
compartments and features for carrying essential items while travelling or
exploring outdoors.

Utilizing solar power offers a clean and eco-friendly way to charge devices,
reducing reliance on traditional power sources. The bag remains efficient as a
backpack while providing the added benefit of integrated charging.