Sample Test 1

SAMPLE TEST 1
I. LISTENING (50 points)

Part 1. You will hear part of an interview with a music journalist called Pip Rogers and a musician
called Heath Francis about the renewed popularity of vinyl records. For questions 1 - 6, choose the
best answer (A, B, C or D). (20 points)
1. What surprised Pip about the comeback of vinyl records?
A. It has not created as much income as expected.
B. It is happening only now rather than in the 1990s.
C. Some of the old record factories haven’t closed down.
D. Vinyl manufacturers are struggling to meet demand.
2. In Heath's opinion, what is the main attraction of records?
A. They are an object you can possess.
B. They can become a serious hobby.
C. They are often cheaper than CDs.
D. They are durable and long lasting.
3. What does Pip say about young people and records?
A. They prefer listening to current music on records.
B. Vinyl records offer them a novel experience.
C. They are frustrated by vinyl because of its limitations.
D They have alternative ways of expressing their musical tastes.
4. When asked about the future of records, Pip reveals she is
A. confident that people will want to invest in the industry
B. unsure whether the requirements for growth will be met.
C. concerned people will lose interest in vinyl eventually.
D. surprised that vinyl is perceived as a passing trend.
5. What both Pip and Health appreciate about digital music is
A. not having to pay for every song you hear.
B. being able to listen to music anywhere.
C. having access to a wide variety of music.
D. being able to share music instantaneously.
Part 2. Listen to a podcast on climate change and decide whether the following statements are True
(T), False (F), or Not Given (NG) according to what you hear. (10 points)
1._________ A 1.5 degree rise in temperature makes virtually no difference to the world we are living in.
2._________ There is little likelihood of the aviation undergoing carbon neutral due to some governments’
objections.
3._________ Every year, the number of people suffering from diseases related to exceptional heatwaves
increases by 65 million.
4._________ Notwithstanding the melted ice rivers, the number of people lacking water for daily lives
will increase twofold.
5._________ Continually rising carbon emission is synonymous with a world ridden with disasters.
Part 3. Listen to a talk about the unique characteristics of glass and fill each blanks with NO MORE
THAN FOUR WORDS. (20 points)
Glass is technically known as any (1)___________________, whose structures of atoms and molecules are
in disorder.
In ice, the water molecules (2)______________________ each other and lock themselves into a repeating
crystal pattern.
As glass cools, its molecules (3)_________________________ until they stop moving altogether.
One study from 2017 estimated that if a cathedral were to stand at room temperature for a billion years,
it’s glass would flow (4)____________________________________.
Another research team from Spain examined samples of 110 million-year-old amber, a naturally occurring
variety of glass (5)_______________________________, and found that over its long existence it had
become about (6)__________________________________.
NGO THI THANH CHAU – NBK HIGH SCHOOL FOR THE GIFTED - 0382117507 1
Glass, if cooled slowly and infinitely until it hardens, would have (7)_____________________________
like a crystal’s.
Non-ideal glass is thought to be riddled with two-level systems, which, when going near absolute zero,
can (8)_________________________________, absorbing heat in the process.
In a very different glassmaking technique that makes use of (9)_______________, glass is built one
molecule at a time.
Old cathedral glass is believed to be thicker at the bottom because it’s (10)__________________________.
However, that’s just due to the technique used to make the glass.
II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (40 points)

Part 1. Choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentences. (20 points)
1. Walking down the street, I noticed that_________ had a beautiful garden.
A. entire houses B. either of the houses C. each and every house D. enough houses
2. The fire spread quickly, leaving devastation in its _________.
A. zone B. blaze C. wake D. line
3. The dog’s owner has no idea what may have _________ the attack.
A. spelled B. provoked C. embodied D. heralded
4. I’m not sure I believe Jason’s story- it is a bit_________.
A. plausible B. inhospitable C. far-fetched D. endless
5. His health was gradually ________ by drink and drugs.
A. ravaged B. injured C. destroyed D. rectified
6. ________, I had to buy a new one.
A. My dictionary losing B. My dictionary had been lost
C. My dictionary having been lost D. Because my dictionary lost
7. The sheep were huddled into a ____________ to protect them from overnight frosts.
A. cage B. kennel C. pen D. hutch
8. We stand on the ____________ of a new era in space exploration.
A. threshold B. basis C. brink D. surface
9. Three lives were lost in an accident at the____________ of a driver who had been drinking.
A. mercy B. expense C. high D. hands
10. The _______ of chickens in cages is cruel, so many farmers allow them to wander freely.
A. constraint B. confinement C. distress D. slaughter
11. We can’t always rely on ________ on time.
A. the buses that arrivingB. the arriving of buses C. the buses to arrive D. the buses’ arriving
12. The ________ of marriage in Viet Nam remains popular in spite of the high divorce rate recently.
A. state B. habit C. practice D. institution
13. At the ________ of organizing committee, personnel must wear their identity badges at all time.
A. request B. assistance C. demands D. interests
14. IU is known for being a ____ girl who can take the roles of a singer, a song writer and an actress as well.
A. versatile B. changeable C. variable D. diverse
15. This isn’t a family any longer, no one seems to care about solving ________ problem.
A. anyone’s else B. anyone else’s C. any other D. any other’s
16. Since the torture scandal several months ago, there have been ill ____ between area residents and police.
A. emotions B. feelings C. affections D. sensation
17. The new development project of Phu Ly city has begun to ________ on the surrounding green belt.
A. enter B. intrude C. encroach D. reach
18. Ha Nam has been attracting foreign investment due to the present favorable political ____ of the province.
A. temperature B. climate C. state D. weather
19. Don’t worry, Will’s been going through a rebellious phase as any other teenager. He’ll gradually _____ it.
A. grow into B. get through to C. grow out of D. get on with it
20. I’ve ________ as inconsiderate a person as Chander.
A. ever to have met B. been met C. yet to meet D. never been meeting
Part 2. Give the correct form of each word in the blanket to complete the following sentences. (10 points)
1. How we ourselves were treated by our parents in our youth can have an ______________ effect on who
we become as parents. APPRECIATE
2. Employees who have been nursing a ______________ against their manager are encouraged to discuss
it with the board. GRIEF
3. Although air travel is admittedly fast, passengers are still subject to the unexpected ______________
which seem to be inherent in any form of travel. HOLD
4. He became an ______________ by defying the law. LAW
5. That old concrete block of flats is a real ______________ in such a modern city. EYE
6. Passing the final exam with flying colour, I was overcome by relief and ______________ joy. ADULT
7. The _____________ of the movement of Mars by Kepler led to the formation of his three laws of
planetary motion. DOCUMENT
8. I think this printer has _____________ its usefulness and should be sold. LIVE
9. It would be erroneous to believe that they are born weaker, more sensitive or with a greater natural
_____________ to cry. Boys have feelings too. INCLINE
10. The headmaster, Bowyer, was a severe ______________ but respected by his pupils. DISCIPLINE
Part 3. Fill in each blank with one or two prepositions/particles. (10 points)
1. This evening Manchester United takes ________ Barcelona.
2. When John and Frank first met, they hit it ________ immediately. They have been good friends ever since.
3. You might have gotten a higher grade if you didn't cram ________ that exam at the last minute.
4. Another way of saying 'old-fashioned' is '________ the times'.
5. Growing environmental fears have made climate research all the more important, and Europe is
forging _____________ in this field.
6. The thing I don't like about my present job is that we often have to work up to 10 hours _____ a stretch.
7. He manipulates people and tries to bend them ________ his will.
8. The authorities plan to bring _________ new regulations on the application of pesticides.
9. If I could do it ______ again, I’d do it differently.
10. I wish you wouldn’t fly_______ me like that every time I make a mistake.
SECTION C: READING (60 points)

Part 1. Read the following article and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. (15 pts)
WE REALLY CAN TELL IF WE ARE BEING WATCHED
Stories about how people somehow know when they are being watched have been going around for years.
However, few (0) ____________ have been made to investigate the phenomenon scientifically. Now, with
the completion of the largest ever study of the so-called staring effect, there is impressive evidence that this
is a recognizable and (1) __________ sixth sense. The study (2) ___________hundreds of children. For
the experiments, they sat with their eyes (3) ____________ so they could not see, and with their backs to
other children, who were told to either stare at them or look away. Time and time again the results showed
that the children who could not see were able to (4) __________ when they were being stared at. In a (5)
____________ of more than 18,000 trials (6) ____________ worldwide, the children (7) ____________
sensed when they were being watched almost 70% of the time. The experiment was repeated with the (8)
__________precaution of putting the children who were being watched outside the room, (9)
____________ from the starers by the windows. This was done just in case there was some (10) _________
going on with the children telling each other whether they were looking or not.
0. A. tries B. tests C. attempts D. aims
1. A. genuine B. accepted C. received D. sure
2. A. involved B. contained C. comprised D. enclosed
3. A. shaded B. wrapped C. masked D. covered
4. A. find B. notice C. tell D. reveal
5. A. sum B. collection C. mass D. total
6. A. worked over B. worked through C. carried on D. carried out
7. A. correctly B. exactly C. thoroughly D. perfectly
8. A. attached B. added C. connected D. increased
9. A. separated B. parted C. split D. divided
10. A. pretending B. lying C. cheating D. deceiving
Part 2. Read the following text and fill in one word which best fits each gap. Use only ONE word in
each gap. (15 points)
One of the hazards that electronic media like the television, radio or computers (1) _________
these days is the decline in book reading.
The concern applies mainly (2) _________ the younger generations who are strongly tempted by
the glamour of the silver screen and, (3) _________, don’t recognize the importance of acquiring first-
hand information from books.
To encourage reading for pleasure and to propagate a wide array of publications (4) _________
encyclopedias, reference books, manuals or fiction, radical solutions should be applied. Firstly, more (5)
________ ought to be put on the educational factor. Youngsters should be made to feel comfortable while
reading either for information or self-satisfaction in (6) _______ places like airports, buses or on the beach.
Secondly, libraries must be subsidized (7) _______ accurately in order to provide the potential readers with
ample choice of publications and to become more publically active so as to put books at people’s (8) _______
rather than keep them under lock and key. Fund collecting actions organized by libraries might also raise the
public awareness of the advantages of becoming engrossed in a good book. (9) _______, the mass media
themselves might contribute substantially by recommending the purchase of valuable best-sellers (10)
________ inspiring their viewers to enrich knowledge and erudition, and thus helping them to develop the
habit of spontaneous every reading.
Part 3. Read the passage and choose the best option (A, B, C, or D) to answer the questions. Write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (15 points)
HISTORY OF THE CHICKENPOX VACCINE
Chickenpox is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by the Varicella zoster virus; sufferers
develop a fleeting itchy rash that can spread throughout the body. The disease can last for up to 14 days
and can occur in both children and adults, though the young are particularly vulnerable. Individuals
infected with chickenpox can expect to experience a high but tolerable level of discomfort and a fever as
the disease works its way through the system. The ailment was once considered to be a “rite of passage”
by parents in the U.S. and thought to provide children with greater and improved immunity to other
forms of sickness later in life. This view, however, was altered after additional research by scientists
demonstrated unexpected dangers associated with the virus. Over time, the fruits of this research have
transformed attitudes toward the disease and the utility of seeking preemptive measures against it.
A vaccine against chickenpox was originally invented by Michiaki Takahashi, a Japanese doctor and
research scientist, in the mid-1960s. Dr. Takahashi began his work to isolate and grow the virus in 1965
and in 1972 began clinical trials with a live but weakened form of the virus that caused the human body
to create antibodies. Japan and several other countries began widespread chickenpox vaccination
programs in 1974. However, it took over 20 years for the chickenpox vaccine to be approved by the U.S.
Food & Drug Administration (FDA), finally earning the U.S. government’s seal of approval for
widespread use in 1995. Yet even though the chickenpox vaccine was available and recommended by the
FDA, parents did not immediately choose to vaccinate their children against this disease. Mothers and
fathers typically cited the notion that chickenpox did not constitute a serious enough disease against
which a person needed to be vaccinated.
Strong belief in that view eroded when scientists discovered the link between Varicella zoster, the
virus that causes chickenpox, and shingles, a far more serious, harmful, and longer-lasting disease in older
adults that impacts the nervous system. They reached the conclusion that Varicella zoster remains dormant
inside the body, making it significantly more likely for someone to develop shingles. As a result, the
medical community in the U.S. encouraged the development, adoption, and use of a vaccine against
chickenpox to the public. Although the appearance of chickenpox and shingles within one person can be
many years apart - generally many decades - the increased risk in developing shingles as a younger adult
(30-40 years old rather than 60-70 years old) proved to be enough to convince the medical community
that immunization should be preferred to the traditional alternative.
Another reason that the chickenpox vaccine was not immediately accepted and used by parents in
the U.S. centered on observations made by scientists that the vaccine simply did not last long enough and
did not confer a lifetime of immunity. In other words, scientists considered the benefits of the vaccine to
be temporary when given to young children. They also feared that it increased the odds that a person
could become infected with chickenpox later as a young adult, when the rash is more painful and
prevalent and can last up to three or four weeks. Hence, allowing young children to develop chickenpox
rather than take a vaccine against it was believed to be the “lesser of two evils.” This idea changed over
time as booster shots of the vaccine elongated immunity and countered the perceived limits on the
strength of the vaccine itself.
Today, use of the chickenpox vaccine is common throughout the world. Pediatricians suggest an
initial vaccination shot after a child turns one year old, with booster shots recommended after the child
turns eight. The vaccine is estimated to be up to 90% effective and has reduced worldwide cases of
chickenpox infection to 400,000 cases per year from over 4,000,000 cases before vaccination became
widespread. ■ (A) In light of such statistics, most doctors insist that the potential risks of developing
shingles outweigh the benefits of avoiding rare complications associated with inoculations. ■ (B) Of
course, many parents continue to think of the disease as an innocuous ailment, refusing to take preemptive
steps against it. ■ (C) As increasing numbers of students are vaccinated and the virus becomes increasingly
rarer, however, even this trend among parents has failed to halt the decline of chickenpox among the most
vulnerable populations. ■ (D)
1. The word “tolerable” in the 1st passage is closest in meaning to
(A) sudden. (B) bearable. (C) infrequent. (D) unexpected.
2. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the chickenpox virus?
(A) It leads to a potentially deadly disease in adults.
(B) It is associated with a possibly permanent rash.
(C) It is easily transmittable by an infected individual.
(D) It has been virtually eradicated in the modern world.
3. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence?
(A) U.S. parents believed that having chickenpox benefited their children.
(B) U.S. parents believed that chickenpox led to immunity against most sickness.
(C) U.S. parents wanted to make sure that their children developed chickenpox.
(D) U.S. parents did not think that other vaccinations were needed after chickenpox.
4. what can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the clinical trials for the chickenpox vaccine?
(A) They took longer than expected. (B) They cost a lot of money to complete.
(C) They took a long time to finish. (D) They were ultimately successful.
5. The word “notion” in the 2 passage is closest in meaning to
nd
(A) history. (B) findings. (C) fact. (D) belief.

6. According to paragraph 3, which of the following is true of Varicella Zoster?
(A) It typically attacks adults who are over 60 years old.
(B) It is linked to a serious disease that occurs more commonly in adults.
(C) It likely is not a serious enough threat to human health to require a vaccine.
(D) It is completely eradicated from the body after chickenpox occurs.
7. According to paragraph 3, all of the following is true about the chickenpox virus EXCEPT:
(A) It causes two distinct yet related ailments.
(B) People did not view it as a serious public health threat.
(C) It tended to quickly become dormant and remain inoperative over time.
(D) Vaccination against it would help prevent the onset of shingles.
8. The author uses “booster shots” as an example of
(A) a way to increase the effectiveness of the chickenpox vaccine.
(B) a preferred method of chickenpox rash and fever treatment.
(C) a scientifically approved medicine to eliminate chickenpox.
(D) a strategy for parents to avoid vaccinating their child altogether.
9. According to paragraph 4, many parents did not choose the chickenpox vaccine because
(A) they believed that the virus was weak and not especially harmful.
(B) they thought that scientists did not have enough data to reach a conclusion.
(C) they were unsure about the utility of the vaccine given its expected duration.
(D) they were convinced it was potentially very toxic, particularly for older children.
10. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the
passage.
Meanwhile, some continue to remain unconvinced, citing a supposed potential of the
vaccine to do harm.
Where would the sentence fit best?
(A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D
Part 4. Read the text and do the following tasks. (15 points)
Stadiums: past, present and future
A. Stadiums are among the oldest forms of urban architecture: vast stadiums where the public
could watch sporting events were at the centre of western city life as far back as the ancient Greek and
Roman Empires, well before the construction of the great medieval cathedrals and the grand 19th- and
20th-century railway stations which dominated urban skylines in later eras.
Today, however, stadiums are regarded with growing scepticism. Construction costs can soar above £1
billion, and stadiums finished for major events such as the Olympic Games or the FIFA World Cup have
notably fallen into disuse and disrepair.
But this need not be the case. History shows that stadiums can drive urban development and adapt to the
culture of every age. Even today, architects and planners are finding new ways to adapt the mono-
functional sports arenas which became emblematic of modernization during the 20th century.
B. The amphitheatre1 of Arles in southwest France, with a capacity of 25,000 spectators, is perhaps
the best example of just how versatile stadiums can be. Built by the Romans in 90 AD, it became a fortress
with four towers after the fifth century, and was then transformed into a village containing more than 200
houses. With the growing interest in conservation during the 19th century, it was converted back into an
arena for the staging of bullfights, thereby returning the structure to its original use as a venue for public
spectacles.
Another example is the imposing arena of Verona in northern Italy, with space for 30,000 spectators,
which was built 60 years before the Arles amphitheatre and 40 years before Rome’s famous Colosseum.
It has endured the centuries and is currently considered one of the world’s prime sites for opera, thanks
to its outstanding acoustics.
C. The area in the centre of the Italian town of Lucca, known as the Piazza dell’Anfiteatro, is yet
another impressive example of an amphitheatre becoming absorbed into the fabric of the city. The site
evolved in a similar way to Arles and was progressively filled with buildings from the Middle Ages until
the 19th century, variously used as houses, a salt depot and a prison. But rather than reverting to an arena,
it became a market square, designed by Romanticist architect Lorenzo Nottolini. Today, the ruins of the
amphitheatre remain embedded in the various shops and residences surrounding the public square.
D. There are many similarities between modern stadiums and the ancient amphitheatres intended
for games. But some of the flexibility was lost at the beginning of the 20th century, as stadiums were
developed using new products such as steel and reinforced concrete, and made use of bright lights for
night-time matches.
Many such stadiums are situated in suburban areas, designed for sporting use only and surrounded by
parking lots. These factors mean that they may not be as accessible to the general public, require more
energy to run and contribute to urban heat.
E. But many of today’s most innovative architects see scope for the stadium to help improve the
city. Among the current strategies, two seem to be having particular success: the stadium as an urban hub,
and as a power plant.
There’s a growing trend for stadiums to be equipped with public spaces and services that serve a function
beyond sport, such as hotels, retail outlets, conference centres, restaurants and bars, children’s
playgrounds and green space. Creating mixed-use developments such as this reinforces compactness and
multi-functionality, making more efficient use of land and helping to regenerate urban spaces.
This opens the space up to families and a wider cross-section of society, instead of catering only to
sportspeople and supporters. There have been many examples of this in the UK: the mixed-use facilities
at Wembley and Old Trafford have become a blueprint for many other stadiums in the world.
F. The phenomenon of stadiums as power stations has arisen from the idea that energy problems
can be overcome by integrating interconnected buildings by means of a smart grid, which is an electricity
supply network that uses digital communications technology to detect and react to local changes in usage,
without significant energy losses. Stadiums are ideal for these purposes, because their canopies have a
1
amphitheatre: (especially in Greek and Roman architecture) an open circular or oval building with a central space surrounded by
tiers of seats for spectators, for the presentation of dramatic or sporting events
large surface area for fitting photovoltaic panels and rise high enough (more than 40 metres) to make use
of micro wind turbines.
Freiburg Mage Solar Stadium in Germany is the first of a new wave of stadiums as power plants, which
also includes the Amsterdam Arena and the Kaohsiung Stadium. The latter, inaugurated in 2009, has
8,844 photovoltaic panels producing up to 1.14 GWh of electricity annually. This reduces the annual
output of carbon dioxide by 660 tons and supplies up to 80 percent of the surrounding area when the
stadium is not in use. This is proof that a stadium can serve its city, and have a decidedly positive impact
in terms of reduction of CO2 emissions.
G. Sporting arenas have always been central to the life and culture of cities. In every era, the
stadium has acquired new value and uses: from military fortress to residential village, public space to
theatre and most recently a field for experimentation in advanced engineering. The stadium of today now
brings together multiple functions, thus helping cities to create a sustainable future.
Questions 1–4: Reading Passage 2 has seven sections, A–G. Which section contains the following
information?
NB You may use any letter more than once.
1. a mention of negative attitudes towards stadium building projects.
2. figures demonstrating the environmental benefits of a certain stadium.
3. examples of the wide range of facilities available at some new stadiums.
4. reference to the disadvantages of the stadiums built during a certain era.
Questions 5-8: Complete the summary below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each
answer.
Roman amphitheatres
The Roman stadiums of Europe have proved very versatile. The amphitheatre of Arles, for
example, was converted first into a 5. __________, then into a residential area and finally into an arena
where spectators could watch 6. __________. Meanwhile, the arena in Verona, one of the oldest Roman
amphitheatres, is famous today as a venue where opera is performed. The site of Lucca’s amphitheatre
has also been used for many purposes over the centuries, including the storage of 7. __________. It is now
a market square with 8. __________ and homes incorporated into the remains of the Roman
amphitheatre.
Questions 9-10: Choose TWO letters, A–E. Which TWO advantages of modern stadium design does
the writer mention?
A. offering improved amenities for the enjoyment of sports events.
B. bringing community life back into the city environment.
C. facilitating research into solar and wind energy solutions.
D. enabling local residents to reduce their consumption of electricity.
E. providing a suitable site for the installation of renewable power generators.
I. WRITING (50 points)

Part 1. 20 points
The table below shows the percentage of the population by age groups in one town who rode bicycles in 2011.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
relevant.
Part 2. 30 points
Write an essay of about 250 words on the following topic:
Some people feel that we should not keep animals in zoos because animals suffer in captivity. Others feel zoos
play an important educational role in teaching us about wildlife. Do you believe zoos still have a place in the
modern world?
Explain your opinion and give specific details and reasons to support your viewpoint.
SAMPLE TEST 2
SECTION I: LISTENING (50pts)
Part 1: Questions 1-5. Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD AND/ OR A NUMBER for
each answer. (10pts)
Customer Satisfaction Survey
Customer details
Name: Sophie Bird
Occupation: 1………………………………..
Journey information
Name of station returning to: Staunfirth
Type of ticket purchased: standard 2…………………………….ticket
Where ticket was bought: online
Satisfaction with the journey
Most satisfied with: the Wi-Fi
Least satisfied with: the 3……………………………….this morning
Satisfaction with station facilities
Most satisfied with: how much 4…………………………………….was provided
Least satisfied with: lack of seats, particularly on the platforms
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with: the 5……………………………..available
Part 2. For questions 6-10, listen to a talk about fear and decide whether these statements are True
(T) or False (F). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (10 points)
6. Fear and worry can be easily overcome once you understand awareness in the mind.
7. Worry and fear exist only in the future, not in the past.
8. The person in the story missed their favorite radio show because they got stuck in the snow.
9. Developing concentration and willpower can help in keeping awareness on what you're doing and
prevent it from going into the future in an uncontrolled way.
10. It is beneficial to let awareness go into the future to think about things in a negative way.
Part 3: You will hear part of an interview in which a career coach called Charles Norris is discussing
job-hunting. For questions 11-15, choose the answer (A, B, or C) which fits best according to what
you hear. (10pts)
11. What is NOT included in the role of a career coach?
A. Recognizing a client’s job-hunting weaknesses.
B. Advising clients how to update their CVs
C. Locating and securing employment for clients
D. Assisting clients in improving their interview techniques
12. According to Charles, the covering letter is important because______.
A. It is an integral part of the CV.
B. It contains all the details of the applicant.
C. It is the same for every position
D. It is the only part of the CV employers read.
13. When discussing the internet, Charles suggests that job seekers should______.
A. socialize on the internet to meet employers.
B. Clean up data that exists about them on the internet.
C. Search for other job-seekers online.
D. Apply to employers that use networking sites.
14. Charles believes one of his clients succeeded in his job search because he______.
A. uploaded his CV to his profile. B. had a detailed profile.
C. included keywords in his profile. D. Had a catchy headline on his profile.
15. What does Charles say about asking questions at an interview?
A. That you should only do if you have done your research.
B. That you should never ask about a company’s competitor.
C. That you should have a list prepared before you go.
D. That you should search for questions online.
Part 4. For questions 16-25, listen to Listen to a recording and complete the sentences with NO
MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER taken from the recording for each answer
in the space provided.
- Scientists are searching the hidden corners of the world for viruses that are poised to become (16)
______________.
- In many cases, they’re searching for Disease. That’s not the name of an actual illness. The next big
worldwide disease could be caused by what we call (17) ________________________________.
- (18) ___________________ is the main tool they’re using to do that. This is actually something I’m using
in my own research on bacterial communities, so let’s break it down together!
- In (19) ______________________ we take a sample—that can be soil, ocean water, a bodily fluid—and
we purify it down to the genetic material of just the stuff we’re looking for. In this case, let’s say it’s
viruses. So now we have the genomes of all the viruses in our sample.
- All of these genomes have to be read by our (20) ______________________________. And, if you can
picture, it’s much faster for lots of people to each read a sentence. And they can each read their sentence
at the same time a sentence than it is for one person to read a whole page, one at a time.
- A large number of (21) _____________ are quickly identified by metagenomic sequencing, an incredibly
useful tool.
- Scientists have been surprised at how many they’re finding, everywhere, as they have turned that
powerful lens on our world to (22) _______________________________.
- In the ocean, in our wastewater, inside the spiders in our gardens and of course, inside us. They’re
preying on other marine microorganisms, releasing nutrients. This is probably the (23)
______________________________ of the ocean’s food web.
- It’s likely that the balance of other organisms would rapidly get out of whack if viruses suddenly
disappeared from the planet.
- Maybe, a piece of (24) _______________________________ that jumped over to its mammalian host
about 130 million years ago enabled modern humans to give birth. That gave us our ability to grow a
placenta. So, yep. We got hacked, and it’s probably the reason we don’t lay eggs.
- Scientists don’t know how many more viruses are out there, waiting to be discovered. Sequencing at
least some of those nonillion viruses out there is the first step of finding how many of them may be harmful
to us. Identifying what they’re living inside...and how exactly these tiny, invisible puppeteers are (25)
____________________________ of our natural world is the next step.
SECTION II: LEXICO-GRAMMAR (40pts)

Part 1: Choose one word or phrase which best completes each sentence. Circle its corresponding
letter A, B, C, or D to indicate your answer. (20pts)
1. The teachers are not very qualified, but in all ______ to Principal Montara, the school hasn't received
funding to hire better teachers.
A. fairness B. tenderness C. fondness D. hardiness
2. Words with strongly positive ______often persuade readers to see your ideas in a favorable way.
A. calculations B. connotations C. considerations D. compilations
3. She was kept in ______ of his true identity.
A. acceptance B. intolerance C. annoyance D. ignorance
4. My brother says that snails have teeth but I don't know if he's ______ or if he's serious.
A. giving me the cold shoulder B. twisting my arm
C. pulling my leg D. raising his eyebrows
5. It was a very ______ article that truly made me stop and think.
A. long-lasting B. absent-minded C. thought-provoking D. strong-willed
6. He was greatly ______ by the tragic news of the assassination of the Archduke and his wife.
A. baffled B. charmed C. distressed D. intrigued
7. Be ______ enough to learn from your mistakes.
A. spurious B. wary C. humble D. eloquent
8. She gave him a look that made words ______.
A. tedious B. self-effacting C. eclectic D. superfluous
9. Moving in together was a mistake, and things rapidly went ______.
A. down bad B. off C. a long way D. downhill
10. "______" is an American English metaphorical idiom for an obvious problem or risk that no one
wants to discuss.
A. Lone wolf B. Crocodile tears
C. Elephant in the room D. Butterflies in the stomach
11. I don’t suppose you are telling us the true version of the story, ______?
A. do I B. are you C. aren’t you D. will you
12. Not having written about the required topic, ________ a low mark.
A. my presentation was given B. the teacher gives me
C. the teacher gave me D. I was given
13. Thomas received a warning for speeding. He _________ so fast.
A. shouldn’t have driven B. would have driven
C. must have driven D. might have driven
14.________, they resumed their journey.
A. Rising the sun B. The sun having risen
C. The sun being risen D. Having risen the sun
15. The doctor insisted that his patient ________.
A. did not work too hard for three months B. take it easy for three months
C. take it easy inside of three months D. could take a vacation for three months
16. She walked indolently along, with a mind at rest, its peace ______ in her innocent face.
A. reflected B. reflecting C. being reflected D. having reflected
17. ________ technically proficient; it also explores psychological questions.
A. Not only is Barbara Astman's artwork B. Not only Barbara Astman's artwork
C. Barbara Astman's artwork not only D. Barbara Astman’s artwork not only
18_________ talking of running for election again, after such a crushing defeat, is surely proof of his
resilience.
A. Should he be B. That he is C. Had he been D. That he were
19. We took the shortcut round the market ______ late for class this morning.
A. so that we will not be B. lest we be not
C. for fear that we should be D. in order that we not be
20. “The President says the company is making more cars this year than last year.”
“_______attribute the increase in productivity?”
A. Does he B. What to C. To what does he D. What does he
Part 2: Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in
the same line.
1. Though her novels do not feature the themes of Romanticism, Jane Austen’s work
was ______ with that of Wordsworth and Byron. TEMPORAL
2. A______angel is believed to be a good spirit that protects each of us. GUARD
3. She spoke with______ of his impudent behaviour. APPROVE
4. The Princess looked ______ beautiful at the wedding. STUN
5. They tested the______ of water in the village wells. TRANSPARENT
6. I counted on your ______ and you let me down. DISCREET
7. The principal took______ measures against the culprits. DISCIPLINE
8. During the war, a lot of______ fled to America. REFUGE
9. After the death of his uncle, he became the______ owner of the castle. LAW
10. She has had several______ of her illness lately. RECUR
Part 3. Complete each of the following sentences with suitable preposition(s). Write your answer in the boxes
provided on the answer sheet. (10 points)
1. He left the country …………………………threat of arrest if he returned.
2. Come sit ____ the fire and I’ll get you a hot cup of coffee.
3. Many of the passengers looked shaken ____ when the pilot announced that the plane was having
mechanical problems.
4. Tommy was bummed ____ about his favorite TV show getting cancelled.
5. I was ____ the zone at my basketball game last night. I couldn’t miss.
6. Some of the neighbors’ kids threw eggs ____ our house on Mischief Night.
7. Before I learned how to do my job, I felt like I was just getting ____ the way of my coworkers.
8. Can I substitute something else ____ the eggs in this recipe? I’m a vegan.
9. Before beginning her research career, my aunt went to college and graduated __ a degree in biology.
10. Are organic fruits and vegetables really superior ____ conventional produce?

Part 1. Read the following passage and decide which option (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. Write your answers
in corresponding numbered boxes on the answer sheet. (15 points)
The concept of artificial intelligence (AI) has (1) ________ the boundaries of what was once
thought possible. With its ability to process vast amounts of data and perform complex tasks, AI has (2)
________ potential in various fields.
One area where AI has made significant strides is in the field of healthcare. It has the capacity to
(3) ________ patterns and anomalies in medical images, aiding in the early detection and diagnosis of
diseases. Moreover, AI-powered virtual assistants can (4) ________ patient data, enabling healthcare
professionals to make more informed decisions. However, there are ethical concerns regarding the privacy
and security of sensitive medical information.
In the realm of transportation, AI is shaping the future of autonomous vehicles. Self-driving cars (5)
________ advanced algorithms and sensors to navigate roads, potentially reducing accidents and
improving traffic flow. Nevertheless, questions about legal liability and the ethics of decision-making in
life-or-death situations (6) ________ unresolved.
AI has also revolutionized the way we interact with technology through natural language processing.
Voice assistants like Siri and Alexa can (7) ________ user commands and respond with relevant
information. However, concerns about data privacy and the potential for misuse has been raised.
Moreover, AI's impact extends to the job market. Automation powered by AI has led to the (8)
________ of certain jobs, while simultaneously creating new roles that require expertise in AI and data
analysis. The (10) ________ between humans and AI in the workforce is a topic of ongoing discussion
and debate.
In conclusion, the advancement of AI presents immense possibilities and challenges across various
domains. As we harness the power of AI, it is crucial to address ethical, legal, and societal implications
to (10)______a balanced and responsible integration.
1. A expanded B. extended C. stretched D. pushed
2. A. unlimited B. boundless C. immense D. vast
3. A identify B. recognize C. distinguish D. detect
4. A. analyze B. assess C. evaluate D. examine
5. A. employ B. utilize C. harness D. exploit
6. A remain B. persist C. endure D. linger
7. A. comprehend B. decode C. interpret D. understand
8. A elimination B. eradication C. depletion D. obsolescence
9. A. interaction B. collaboration C. integration D. cooperation
10. A. assure B. ensure C. secure D. confirm
Part 2. Fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word and write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes on the answer sheet. (15 points)
Organic nutrition or organic food is a phrase that is mentioned a lot nowadays. Organic food is
the most (1)________food from housewives because of the health benefits it brings. But
(2)__________people understand what organic food is, what nutritional benefits this food brings, as well
as how to choose these foods.
The term “organic food” refers to foods that are grown, handled and prepared in a way that is safe
for the environment. For agricultural products, it is a product that is grown (3)_________the use of most
conventional pesticides, using artificial fertilizers, sewage sludge, radiation and genetically modified
organisms. For animal meat, antibiotics or hormones are not injected.
Organic food is usually good for the environment. (4)__________, it is also relatively more
expensive: the USDA (US Department of Agriculture) reports that the cost of organic fruits and vegetables
is often 20% more than conventional products. Sometimes the difference can be much higher,
(5)_________for certain items like organic milk and eggs.
Advocates say organic food is safer, possibly more nutritious, and often tastier than non-organic
food. They also say that organic production is (6)________for the environment and is also safer for
animals.
And more and more consumers seem to be convinced by that. Although organic foods often cost more
— or a lot more — sales in the industry are steadily increasing.
Food scientist Alyson E. Mitchell, and his colleagues at the University of California, Davis have
studied compounds (7)_________flavonoids. Recent evidence suggests that these micronutrients play an
important role in preventing cancer and heart disease.
Flavonoids are also compounds with plant protection effects. They protect against UV
(8)________. They help fight fungi and bacteria. In addition, flavonoids do not have a favorable taste for
pests. Normally, if a plant is (9)________by bugs, it starts to produce more flavonoids. Mitchell thinks
plants sprayed with insecticides and fungicides won't produce as many flavonoids as plants grown
organically.
So her research team compared the flavonoid levels in fruits and vegetables grown in the same place but
with different methods. The results showed that Flavonoids were found more in (10)______grown
vegetables.
https://www.vinmec.com/vi/news/health-news/nutrition/what-is-organic-food/
Part 3. Read the following passage and circle the best answer to each of the following questions. Write your
answers in corresponding numbered boxes provided on the answer sheet. (15 points)
1. There has, in recent years, been an outpouring of information about the impact of buildings on
the natural environment; Information which explains and promotes green and sustainable construction
design, strives to convince others of its efficacy and warns of the dangers of ignoring the issue. Seldom do
these documents offer any advice to practitioners, such as those designing mechanical and electrical
systems for a building, on how to utilise this knowledge on a practical level.
2. While the terms green and sustainable are often considered synonymous, in that they both
symbolise nature, green does not encompass all that is meant by sustainability, which can be defined as
minimizing the negative impacts of human activities on the natural environment, in particular those
which have long-term and irreversible effects. Some elements of green design may be sustainable too, for
example those which reduce energy usage and pollution, while others, such as ensuring internal air
quality, may be considered green despite having no influence on the ecological balance.
3. Although there are a good many advocates of ‘green’ construction in the architectural industry,
able to cite ample reasons why buildings should be designed in a sustainable way, not to mention a
plethora of architectural firms with experience in green design, this is not enough to make green
construction come into being. The driving force behind whether a building is constructed with minimal
environmental impact lies with the owner of the building; that is, the person financing the project. If the
owner considers green design unimportant, or of secondary importance, then more than likely, it will not
be factored into the design.
4. The commissioning process plays a key role in ensuring the owner gets the building he wants,
in terms of design, costs and risk. At the predesign stage, the owner’s objectives, criteria and the type of
design envisaged are discussed and documented. This gives a design team a solid foundation on which
they can build their ideas, and also provides a specific benchmark against which individual elements, such
as costs, design and environmental impact can be judged.
5. Owners who skip the commissioning process, or fail to take ‘green’ issues into account when
doing so, often come a cropper once their building is up and running. Materials and equipment are
installed as planned, and, at first glance, appear to fulfil their purpose adequately. However, in time, the
owner realises that operational and maintenance costs are higher than necessary, and that the occupants
are dissatisfied with the results. These factors in turn lead to higher ownership costs as well as increased
environmental impact.
6. In some cases, an owner may be aware of the latest trends in sustainable building design. He
may have done research into it himself, or he may have been informed of the merits of green design
through early discussion with professionals. However, firms should not take it as read that someone
commissioning a building already has a preconceived idea of how green he intends the structure to be.
Indeed, this initial interaction between owner and firm is the ideal time for a designer to outline and
promote the ways that green design can meet the client’s objectives, thus turning a project originally not
destined for green design into a potential candidate.
7. Typically, when considering whether or not to adopt a green approach, an owner will ask about
additional costs, return for investment and to what extent green design should be the limiting factor
governing decisions in the design process. (1) Many of these costs are incurred by the increased
cooperation between the various stakeholders, such as the owner, the design professionals, contractors
and end-users. (2) However, in green design, they must be involved from the outset, since green design
demands interaction between these disciplines. (3) This increased coordination clearly requires additional
expenditure. (4) A client may initially balk at these added fees, and may require further convincing of the
benefits if he is to proceed. It is up to the project team to gauge the extent to which a client wants to get
involved in a green design project and provide a commensurate service.
8. Of course, there may be financial advantage for the client in choosing a greener design. Case
studies cite examples of green / sustainable designs which have demonstrated lower costs for long-term
operation, ownership and even construction. Tax credits and rebates are usually available on a regional
basis for projects with sustainable design or low emissions, among others.
1. The writer’s main purpose is to______.

A. explain to professionals how they can influence clients to choose greener designs
B. explain the importance of green building design in reducing long-term damage to the environment
C. explain to owners commissioning a building why ignoring green issues is costly and dangerous
D. explain to professionals why it is important to follow the correct procedures when a building is
commissioned
2 The examples of green and sustainable designs given in paragraph 2 show that______.
A. designs must be sustainable in order for them to be described as green
B. for the purposes of this paper, the terms green and sustainable have the same meaning
C. some sustainable designs are green, while others are not
D. some designs are termed green, even though they are not sustainable
3 According to paragraph 3, the reason for the lack of green buildings being designed is that______.
A. few firms have any experience in design and constructing buildings to a green design
B. construction companies are unaware of the benefits of green and sustainable designs
C. firms do not get to decide whether a building is to be constructed sustainably
D. firms tend to convince clients that other factors are more important than sustainability
4. In paragraph 4, what does the phrase ‘envisaged’ mean?
A. envisioned B. decided C. fixed D. enclosed
5 Which of the following is NOT true about the commissioning process?
A. It is conducted before the building is designed.
B. It is a stage that all clients go through when constructing a building.
C. It is a step in the design procedure in which the client’s goals are identified.
D. It provides the firm with a measure of how well they did their job.
6 In paragraph 5, what does the phrase ‘come a cropper’ mean?
A. experience misfortune B. change one’s mind
C. notice the benefits D. make a selection
7 In paragraph 6, the writer implies that______.
A. most clients enter the commissioning process with a clear idea of whether or not they want a green
building
B. designers are usually less concerned about green design than the clients are
C. the commissioning process offers a perfect opportunity to bring up the subject of green design
D. firms should avoid working with clients who reject green designs in their buildings
8. Where in paragraph 7 does this sentence belong?
In a typical project, landscape architects and mechanical, electrical and plumbing engineers do not become involved
until a much later stage.
A. 1 B. 2 C.3 D.4
9 In paragraph 7, what does ‘balk at’ mean?
A. display shock towards B. agree to pay
C. question the reason for D. understand the need for
10. Green buildings are most likely to incur more expense than conventional buildings due to______.
A. higher taxes incurred on sustainable buildings
B. higher long-term operational costs
C. the higher cost of green construction materials
D. increased coordination between construction teams
Part 4. Read the passage and do the following tasks. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes
on the answer sheet. (15 points)
The Maori are the indigenous people of the islands of New Zealand. Their traditional medicine,
which is believed to date back as far as the 13th century, was a system of healing that was passed down
through the generations orally. It comprised diverse practices and placed an emphasis on the spiritual
dimension of health. Its practice included remedies made from herbs, and physical therapies such as
massage to relieve discomfort in the muscles and bones.
Maori systems for treating illness were well developed before European arrived in New Zealand
in the late 1700s: they had quite detailed knowledge of anatomy and recognition of the healing properties
of various plants. When Europeans first visited New Zealand, the average age of death for Maori adults
was around 30. However, apart from this, the people were fit and healthy, and troubled by few diseases.
Illness was often seen as spiritually based. Maori saw themselves as guardians of the earth, and
the focus of their existence was to remain at one with the natural and supernatural world. Rather than a
medical problem, sickness was often viewed as a symptom of disharmony with natures.
In Maori culture, illnesses were divided into diseases of the gods (mate atua) and physical diseases
(mate tangata). Diseases sent by the gods were often attributed to attacks by evil spirits, because the person
had broken a religious rule. For instance, for Maori, Places where people had died, or places where their
ancestors were buried were sacred, so if someone took food from a river where someone had died, or took
a stick form a tree that had held their ancestor's bones and placed it on a cooking fire, it was believed that
the gods could punish them for their disrespectful acts by making them SICK.
More than 200 plants were used medicinally by Maori. The leaves of the flax plant were used to
treat skin infections and food poisoning, and the hard part of the leaf was also used as a splint or brace
for broken bones and injured backs. Flax fibers were used along with a sharpened stick to sew up bad
cuts. The bark and leaves of the pepper tree were used to heal cuts, wounds and stomach pain. People
who had toothache were instructed to chew the leaves of this same tree, and this was found to be of
considerable benefit. The pepper tree was also used in vapor baths to treat people with painful joints.
Colonization by European in the 1800s had a significant effect on traditional Maori healing.
Europeans brought many new diseases with them which Maori healers had limited ability to combat.
Though Western medicine was also relatively ineffectual at the time, this failure still strongly affected
Maori confidence in their healers. Some western missionaries attributed the spread of disease to the fact
the Maori did not believe in Christianity, and as Maori healers appeared powerless, many Maori accepted
this explanation and turned to Christianity. Over time the schools of higher learning which ahd trained
healers started to close and the tradition of the Maori healer declined.
From the late 20th century, there was renewed Maori interest in their traditional medicine. This was due
to several factors. There was a resurgence of all aspects of Maori culture in New Zealand. Furthermore,
people started to be less trusting of Western medicine-statistics from the 1970s came out revealing that
Maori health continued to be poorer than that of other New Zealanders. There were also problems with
access to health care for Maori. Additionally, there was and still a today a perceived lack of a spiritual
dimension in Western health services.
Although Maori today largely accepted Western concepts of health and illness, and use the
mainstream health system, there is significant demand for traditional medicine. This is true for unusual
illnesses, or those that fail to respond to standard medical treatment, but also for common ailments such
as the cold and influenza.
Today's healers differ significantly from those of old times. Training is highly variable, usually
informal, and often less tribally bound than the rigorous education of the traditional houses of higher
learning. Many modern healers work in urban clinics, some alongside mainstream health professionals.
They experiment, incorporating knowledge from Western and other medical systems. As a result, their
modern day work has no standard system of diagnosis or widespread agreement about treatments. Despite
this, many healers are recognized as having knowledge and ability that has been passed down from their
ancestors. The Maori language is also seen as important by many of those receiving treatment.
Question 1-5
In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
1. Early Maori healers learned their skills through studying written texts.
2. Diseases of the gods were believed to be more serious than physical diseases.
3. The leaves of the pepper tree were used to treat toothache.
4. Western religion was one reason why traditional Maori medicine became less popular.
5. Modern day Maori healers often reach the same conclusion about the type of treatment which is best.
Questions 6-10
Complete the notes below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 6-10 on your answer sheet.
A short history of Maori healing
Pre-European arrival
• Maori were using plant based remedies, as well as treatment including massage
• Diseases sent from the gods were thought to be caused by disobeying a
spiritual 6.______________
• Sickness could be attributed to eating food from a sacred 7. _____________or burning sacred
wood
After European arrival
1800s
• The inability of Maori healers to cure new diseases meant the Maori people
lost 8 __________in them.
• Eventually the schools for Maori healing began shutting down
1970s
• Published 9. _______________showed that Maori were not as healthy as Europeans
2000s
• Maori healers can be seen working with Western doctors in 10_________________ in cities
• Many patients appreciate the fact that the Maoris language in used by healers
D. WRITING (50 points)

Part 1. (20 points)
The table below shows the number of hours per week spent by students of different nationalities studying different
subjects at a university in the UK.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.
Nationality English Maths History Science Art
UK 4 3 2 4 3
China 6 5 2 4 1
India 3 2 4 3 1
USA 4 2 2 4 2
Japan 3 3 3 3 3
Part 2. Essay writing (30 points)

Some people believe that children should spend more time on individual studies at home, while others argue
that they should participate in group activities and sports.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Write at least 250 words.
SAMPLE TEST 3
A. LISTENING (50 points)
Part 1: Complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. Write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (10 points)
Date Event Importance for art
3000 BC rice farmers from 1. ________ built temples with wood and stone carvings settled in Bali
14th century introduction of Hinduism artists employed by 2. ________ and focused on epic
narratives
1906 Dutch East Indies Company art became expression of opposition to 3. ________
established
1920s beginning of 4. ________ encouraged use of new materials, techniques and subjects
1945 independence new art with scene of 5. _________
(e.g. harvests) reflecting national identity
Part 2. You will hear part of a discussion between Velm and Andrews, a lawyer, and Sergeant William
Bailey, a police officer. For questions 1-5, choose the answer (A, B, C, or D) which fits best according
to what you hear. (10 points)
1. How did William feel the first time he gave evidence in court?
A. humiliated B. nervous C. furious D. indifferent
2. Velm suggests that police officers giving evidence should ……….
A. study the evidence more carefully. B. ignore the lawyer for the defense.
C. not take comments personally. D. demonstrate that they are honest and reliable.
3. Velma compares a police officer's evidence to a piece in a jigsaw puzzle because ……….
A. it is unimportant unless it is part of a bigger picture.
B. it may not fit in with the rest of the evidence.
C. the defense lawyer will try to destroy it.
D the police officer should only talk about his or her evidence.
4. William suggests that lawyers ………….
A adopt a special manner in the courtroom. B. can be detached from a case.
C. might actually be close friends. D. do not take their work seriously.
5. William's main concern is that
A. a criminal could get away with his or her crime. B. a court case could be confusing,
C. young police officers find courts terrifying. D. police officers might argue with the lawyer.
Part 3: You will hear two students, Bella and Tom, discussing an article they have read about a woman
astronaut. For questions 1-5, decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F). (10
points)
1. The speakers agree that being an astronaut is an unexpected job for women.
2. Bella particularly admires the astronaut Ellen Ochoa because of her determination to fulfill a childhood
dream.
3. Tom was surprised to learn that people who want to become astronauts should have experience as
airplane pilots.
4. Bella thinks the most interesting part of Ellen’s life is coping with unexpected problems.
5. Tom and Bella both now decide to go to some talks on space travel in films and literature.
Part 4: For questions 1-10, listen to a piece of news from BBC about “What to wear?” and supply the
blanks with the missing information. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS and/or A
NUMBER taken from the recording for each answer in the spaces provided. (20 points)
One of the biggest shocks, when you arrive in a new country, can be the clothes people are wearing.
You may look fashionable at home, but you suddenly find you are 1____________________or simply
someone to laugh at when you arrive abroad. With this in mind, let's take a look at teenage fashion in the
UK for girls.
One of the things that may shock an outsider most is piercings. These days it is not enough to
simply wear rings in your ears. You will see many teenagers with rings on their navel, belly button, nose,
lip, or even their eyebrows.
Some girls go for a 'glam' look. They wear T-shirts; trousers are usually preferred, blue or black, and the
look is 2_____________________ with metallic bags and shoes and arms full of bracelets. Another
alternative is the 3________________________ You start with a T-shirt of your favorite band and tight
jeans or a long skirt. On top of this, you can wear a denim jacket. Jewellery tends to be large and metallic
and to add color, wear a scarf.
If neither of these is for you, why not 4_________________________? T-shirts are usually tie-
dyed in hot colors. Wear long shorts, short jeans or a denim skirt. And on your feet?
5___________________________, of course! If you prefer something more feminine, there's the
6___________________________ Skirts are long, to the floor. Wear a top with butterflies or flowers
printed on it!
Finally, how about the 'Tom Boy' look? Wear 7________________________ and a T-shirt with a
logo. Don't forget your 8_______________________ of course!
Follow the fashion tips above, and you shouldn't 9______________________However, it's important to
remember to wear clothes and choose a look that you feel comfortable with. Don't just be
10_______________- be yourself!
B. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (40 points)

Part 1: For questions 1 - 20, choose the correct answer (A, B, C, or D) to each of the following questions and
write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (20 points)
1. In ____________, with the benefits of hindsight, it is clear that this was a bad decision.
A. reflection B. retrospect C. status quo D. a second thought
2. Little did I imagine The Amazing Race would entail a long-winded journey and ups and downs ____.
A. aplenty B. inexhaustibly C. profusely D. superabundant
3. None of his relatives really understood the full ____________ of his difficulty or his desperation.
A. degree B. dimension C. extent D. width
4. It’s quite unreasonable to ask me to organize the conference at such short ____________.
A. warning B. notice C. time D. advance
5. I slept badly last night and am feeling particularly ____________ this morning.
A. slow-witted B. far-reaching C. off-hand D. top-heavy
6. A few tears were _____________ by both parents when Maria finally left home.
A. flowed B. poured C. shed D. streamed
7. John did nine hours’ ____ studying a day for his exam.
A. strong B. solid C. heavy D. big
8. I suppose I____ lent the book to Simon, but I’m almost sure I didn’t.
A. might B. could C. might have D. must have
9. People were injured by ____ stones the size of tennis balls.
A. sleet B. gale C. hail D. snow
10. The police ____ off the street when the bomb had gone off.
A. cordoned B. battened C. fastened D. shuttered
11. Roger Williams was a clergyman, ______ the colony of Rhode Island, and an outspoken advocate of
religious and political freedom.
A. founded B. the founder of C. was the founder of D. the founded
12. ______ at home requires only three types of chemicals, several pieces of simple equipment, and
running water.
A. For the development of film B. To develop film
C. When film is developed D. In developing film
13. The bark of a tree thickens ______.
A. with age B. it gets older C. as older D. by age
14. Widely reproduced in magazines and books, ______.
A. Ansel Adams depicted the Western wilderness in his photographs.
B. the Western wilderness was depicted in the photographs of Ansel Adams.
C. Ansel Adams’ photographs depicted the Western wilderness.
D. it was through his photographs that Ansel Adams depicted the Western wilderness.
15. This new glue is very useful for small repairs as it ______ very rapidly.
A. thickens B. stiffens C. sets D. fixes
16. Advertisers often aim their campaigns at young people as they have considerable spending ______.
A. power B. force C. energy D. ability
17. We’ve bought some ______ chairs for the garden so that they are easy to store away.
A. adapting B. adjusting C. bending D. folding
18. Alan’s photo was slightly too large for the frame so he decided to ______ it.
A. hack B. chop C. slice D. trim
19. Although the patient received intensive treatment, there was no ______ improvement in her condition.
A. decipherable B. legible C. discernible D. intelligible
20. The painting was a valuable family possession, which had been ______ from generation to generation.
A. handed over B. handed down C. handed across D. handed out
Part 2: Write the correct form of each bracketed word in corresponding numbered boxes. (10 points)
1. A UN force has been sent in to try and ___________ the area worst affected by the civil war. (PEACE)
2. During puberty, my children showed increasing signs of mental ________, which raised lots of concern
for their parents. (STABLE)
3. In fact, those who practice meditation with any________ see their doctors less and spend, on average,
seventy percent fewer days in the hospital. (REGULAR)
4. There’s been yet another____________ of cholera in Delhi. (BREAK)
5. Sarah stood there completely ________, so I had no idea at all what she was thinking. (EXPRESS)
6. The upper layers of Earth’s oceans have cooled ________ over the past two years, even though the
planet as a whole is warming up. (SIGNIFY)
7. This soft drink has a very fruity flavor to it and a_____after-taste. I really like it. (PLEASE)
8. ________ as it may seem, mammoths were alive only five thousand years ago. (CREDIT)
9. The judge was forced to acquit, saying the evidence was wholly_________. (CONCLUDE)
10. Can you think of one______ reason why I should give you your job back? (SOLITUDE)
Part 3: Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition or a particle to complete the following sentences. (10 points)
1. Text messaging caught_____ because kids wanted to pass notes to each other during class.
2. It is true that she plans to give _____ her prize money to charity.
3. If you act _____impulse, you risk making mistakes.
4. Don’t let one spoilt meal put you _____ cooking forever!
5. I got the job _______ the strength of your recommendation.
6. You must be weak _______ the head if you believe that.
7. Prospects of success in the talks were put _______ zero.
8. His appearance was the subject _______ some critical comments.
9. She went _______ the roof when I told her I’d crashed her car.
10. The government’s decision is a real kick _______ the teeth for the unions.
C. READING (60 points)
Part 1: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the best answer to each of the following questions. (15 points)
In the past, not a very long time ago, most people traveled on foot, by train, or on horseback. (1)
_____ had made it possible to travel rapidly over long distances. Bicycles were also becoming (2) _____,
after the invention of the air- filled (3) _____, which made cycling a lot more comfortable. Buses, trams,
and underground railways had already been invented, and cities all over the world already had traffic (4)
_____. There were very few private cars, and city streets were still full of horses. What a difference a
hundred years have (5) _____! Nowadays we have got (6) _____to the problem of private cars, and some
cities are so noisy and (7) _____ that in many places (8) _____ have been banned from the city centre.
How will we be travelling in a hundred year’s time? Perhaps by then there will be only personal
helicopters. There may be no need to (9) _____ to work or school in the future, (10) _____everyone will
have a computer at home. There might even be more people walking and horse – riding, for pleasure and
exercise.
Question 1. A. Tracks B. Railways C. Ways D. Lines
Question 2. A. then B. invented C. popular D. handlebars
Question 3. A. boot B. brake C. engine D. tyre
Question 4. A. blocks B. sticks C. knots D. jams
Question 5. A. taken B. done C. made D. got
Question 6. A. more B. them C. motorists D. used
Question 7. A. even B. so C. polluted D. poisoned
Question 8. A. traffic B. vehicles C. transport D. trips
Question 9. A. have B. transport C. decide D. commute
Question 10. A. if B. since C. when D. unless
Part 2: Fill in the blank with one suitable word. (15 points)
Of course, we all think our children are the best and brightest in the class, but have you ever
seriously thought that your child might be highly intelligent? Does he or she (1) ________ out in class as
being far ahead of his or her classmates? How can we be sure? Child psychiatrists and educationists have
compiled a profile of (2) ________ gifted children so that parents can have the opportunity to see for
themselves which characteristics are true for their own offspring and then take the appropriate (3)
________. Have a look at the profile below (4) ________ we hope will help you to form a truer opinion of
your own child's intelligence.
Firstly, these children have an unusually wide vocabulary, enjoy reading and show (5) ________
about the world and what makes things work. Secondly, they are perfectionists, have the ability to work
(6) _________, and are interested in adult topics such as religion, war, politics, and so on.
Furthermore, highly gifted children are sensitive, creative, and adventurous. They have a good
sense of humor and usually have the ability to look (7) ________ the bright side of a difficult situation.
They often show a desire to improve themselves and they dislike conforming just for the (8) ________ of
it. Finally, they are self-confident - especially in the company of adults - adaptable and responsible.
All of the above characteristics (9) ________ to making up what is seen as a highly gifted child. If
you feel that your child shows this particular combination, then it is advisable to get in (10) __________
with one of the organizations that exist to give guidance to parents where they will no longer feel "different
" but, possibly for the first time, on equal footing with their peers.
Part 3: Read the text and choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the
text. (15 points)
The attraction of valuable objects from ships sinking in the oceans is always great. Until recently,
hunting for treasure from shipwrecks was mostly fantasy; with recent technological advances, however,
the search for sunken treasure has become more popular as a legitimate endeavor. This has caused a
debate between those wanting to salvage the wrecks and those wanting to preserve them.
Treasure hunters are spurred on by the thought of finding caches of gold coins or other valuable
objects on a sunken ship. One team of salvagers, for instance, searched the wreck of the RMS Republic,
which sank outside the Boston harbor in 1900. The search party, using side-scan sonar, a device that
projects sound waves across the ocean bottom and produces a profile of the sea floor, located the wreck
in just two and a half days. Before the use of this new technology, such searches could take months or
years. The team of 45 divers searched the wreck for two months, finding silver tea services, crystal
dinnerware, and thousands of bottles of wine, but they did not find the five and a half tons of American
Gold Eagle coins they were searching for.
Preservationists focus on the historic value of a ship. They say that even if a shipwreck’s treasure
does not have a high monetary value, it can be an invaluable source of historic artifacts that are preserved
in nearly mint condition. But once a salvage team has scoured a site, much of the archaeological value
is lost. Maritime archaeologists who are preservationists worry that the success of salvagers will attract
more treasure-hunting expeditions and thus threaten remaining undiscovered wrecks. Preservationists are
lobbying their state lawmakers to legally restrict underwater searches and unregulated salvages. To
counter their efforts, treasure hunters argue that without the lure of gold and million-dollar treasures, the
wrecks and their historical artifacts would never be recovered at all.
Question 1: What is the main idea of this passage?
A. The popularity of treasure-seeking has spurred a debate between preservationists and salvagers.
B. Maritime archaeologists are concerned about the unregulated searching of wrecks.
C. The search of the RMS Republic failed to produce the hoped-for coins.
D. Searching for wrecks is much easier with new technologies like side-scan sonar.
Question 2: The word “sunken” is closest in meaning to which of the following words?
A. underwater B. broken C. ancient D. hollow
Question 3: Which of the following could best replace the phrase “a profile” in the passage?
A. a projection B. an execution C. an outline D. a highlight
Question 4: Which of the following statements is best supported by the author?
A. The value of a shipwreck depends on the quantity of its artifacts.
B. Preservationists are fighting the use of technological advances such as side-scan sonar.
C. Side-scan sonar has helped to legitimize salvaging.
D. The use of sound waves is crucial to locating shipwrecks.
Question 5: The author uses the phrase “mint condition” to describe _____ .
A. something perfect B. something significant
C. something tolerant D. something magical
Question 6: All of the following were found on the RMS Republic EXCEPT _____ .
A. wine bottles B. silver tea services
C. American Gold Eagle coins D. crystal dinnerware
Question 7: From the passage, you can infer that a preservationist would be most likely to ______ .
A. shun treasure-seeking salvagers B. be a diver
C. put treasures in a museum D. do archaeological research
Question 8: The word “scoured” is most similar to which of the following?
A. scraped away B. scratched over C. scrambled around D. searched around
Question 9: What is the closest meaning to the word “lure” in the passage?
A. knowledge B. attraction C. luxury D. glare
Question 10: The second and third paragraphs are an example of _____ .
A. chronological order B. explanation C. specific to general D. definition
Part 4: Read the passage and do the tasks that follow. (15 points)
The evolutional mystery: Crocodile survives
A
Crocodiles have been around for 200 million years, but they’re certainly not primitive. The early forms of
crocodiles are known as Crocodilian. Since they spent most of their life beneath the water, accordingly
their body adapted to the aquatic lifestyle. Due to the changes formed within their body shape and
tendency to adapt according to the climate, they were able to survive when most of the reptiles of their
period are just a part of history. In their tenure on Earth, they’ve endured the impacts of meteors, planetary
refrigeration, extreme upheavals of the Earth’s tectonic surface, and profound climate change. They were
around for the rise and fall of the dinosaurs, and even 65 million years of supposed mammalian
dominance has failed to loosen their grip on the environments they inhabit. Today’s crocodiles and
alligators are little changed from their prehistoric ancestors, a telling clue that these reptiles were (and
remain) extremely well adapted to their environment.
B
The first crocodile-like ancestors appeared about 230 million years ago, with many of the features that
make crocs such successful stealth hunters already in place: streamlined bodies, long tails, protective
armor, and long jaws. They have a long head and a long tail that helps them to change their direction in
the water while moving. They have four legs which are short and are webbed. Never underestimate their
ability to move on the ground. When they move they can move at such a speed that won’t give you a
second chance to make a mistake by going close to them especially when hungry. They can lift their whole
body within seconds from ground. The fastest way by which most species can move is a sort of “belly
run”, where the body moves like a snake, members huddled to the side paddling away frenetically while
the tail whips back and forth. When “belly running” Crocodiles can reach speeds up to 10 or 11 km/h
(about 7mph), and often faster if they are sliding down muddy banks. Other form of movement is their
“high walk”, where the body is elevated above the ground.
C
Crocodilians have no lips. When submerged in their classic ‘sit and wait’ position, their mouths filled
with water. The nostrils on the tip of the elongated snout lead into canals that run through bone to open
behind the valve – allowing the crocodilian to breathe through its nostrils even though its mouth is
underwater. When the animal is totally submerged, another valve seals the nostrils, so the crocodilian
can open its mouth to catch prey with no fear of drowning. The thin skin on the crocodilian head and
face is covered with tiny, pigmented domes, forming a network of neural pressure receptors that can detect
barely perceptible vibrations in the water. This enables a crocodile lying in silent darkness to suddenly
throw its head sideways and grasp with deadly accuracy small prey moving close by.
D
Like other reptiles, crocodiles are endothermic animals (cold-blooded, or whose body temperature varies
with the temperature of the surrounding environment) and, therefore, need to sunbathe, to raise the
temperature of the body. On the contrary, if it is too hot, they prefer being in water or in the shade. Being
a cold-blooded species, the crocodilian heart is unique in having an actively controlled valve that can
redirect, at will, blood flow away from the lungs and recirculate it around the body, taking oxygen to
where it’s needed most. In addition, their metabolism is a very slow one, so, they can survive for long
periods without feeding. Crocodiles are capable of slowing their metabolism even further allowing them
to survive for a full year without feeding. Compared to mammals and birds, crocodilians have slow
metabolisms that burn much less fuel, and are ideally suited to relatively unstable environments that
would defeat mammals with their high food demands.
E
Crocodiles use a very effective technique to catch the prey. The prey remains almost unaware of the fact
that there can be any crocodile beneath water. It is due to the fact that when the crocodile sees its prey it
moves under water without making any noise and significant movement. It keeps only its eyes above
water surface. When it feels it has reached sufficiently close to the target it whistles out of water with wide
open jaws. 80 percent of their attempts are successful. They have very powerful jaws. Once the prey
trapped in its jaws they swallow it. Their power can be judged from the fact they can kill the wild zebras
which come to watery areas in search of water. They do not chew their food. They normally feed on small
animals, big fish, birds and even human flesh. As like some water creatures that interact by making sounds
crocodiles also use many sounds to communicate with other crocodiles. They exist where conditions have
remained the same and they are free of human interference. The crocodile is successful because it switches
its feeding methods. It hunts fish, grabs birds at the surface, hides among the water edge vegetation to
wait for a gazelle to come by, and when there is a chance for an ambush, the crocodile lunges forward,
knocks the animal with its powerful tail and then drags it to water where it quickly drowns. Another way
is to wait motionless for an animal to come to the water’s edge and grabs it by its nose where it is held to
drown.
F
In many places inhabited by crocodilians, the hot season brings drought that dries up their hunting
grounds and takes away the means to regulate their body temperature. They allowed reptiles to dominate
the terrestrial environment. Furthermore, many crocs protect themselves from this by digging burrows
and entombing themselves in mud, waiting for months without access to food or water, until the rains
arrive. To do this, they sink into a quiescent state called aestivation.
G
Most of (At least nine species of) crocodilians are thought to aestivate during dry periods. Kennett and
Christian’s six-year study of Australian freshwater crocodiles – Crocodylus Johnstoni (the King
Crocodiles). The crocodiles spent almost four months a year underground without access to water. Doubly
labeled water was used to measure field metabolic rates and water flux, and plasma (and cloacal fluid
samples were taken at approximately monthly intervals during some years to monitor the effects of
aestivation with respect to the accumulation of nitrogenous wastes and electrolyte concentrations. Double
found that the crocodiles’ metabolic engines tick over, producing waste and using up water and fat
reserves. Waste products are stored in the urine, which gets increasingly concentrated as the months pass.
However, the concentration of waste products in the blood changes very little, allowing the crocodiles to
function normally. Furthermore, though the animals lost water and body mass (just over one-tenth of
their initial mass) while underground, the losses were proportional: on emergence, the aestivating
crocodiles were not dehydrated and exhibited no other detrimental effects such as a decreased growth
rate. Kennett and Christian believe this ability of individuals to sit out the bad times and endure long
periods of enforced starvation must surely be key to the survival of the crocodilian line through time.
Questions 1-5
The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-G.
Choose the correct heading for paragraph A-G from the list below.
Write the correct number, i-x, in boxes 1 – 5 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i The competitors with the dinosaur
ii A historical event for the Supreme survivors
iii What makes the crocodile the fastest-running animal on land
iv Regulated body temperature by the surrounding environment
v Underwater aid in body structure offered to a successful predator
vi The perfectly designed body for a great land roamer
vii Slow metabolisms which make crocodiles unique reptiles
viii The favorable features of the impact of a drought
xi Shifting Eating habits and food intake
x A unique finding has been achieved recently
Example: Paragraph A – ii
1. Paragraph B _____
2. Paragraph C _____
3. Paragraph D _____
4. Paragraph E _____
5. Paragraph F _____
Questions 6 - 10
Complete the summary and write the correct answer (NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR A
NUMBER) in boxes 6 – 10 on your answer sheet.
In many places inhabited by crocodilians, most types of crocodile have evolved a successful
scheme to survive in the drought brought by a (6)……………………… According to Kennett and
Christian’s six-year study of Australian freshwater crocodiles’ aestivation, they found Aestivating
crocodiles spent around (7)……………………… a year without access to (8) ……………………… The
absolute size of body water pools declined proportionately with (9) ………………………; thus there is no
sign of (10) ……………………… and other health-damaging impacts in the crocodiles even after an
aestivation period. This super capacity helps crocodiles endure the tough drought without slowing their
speed of growth significantly.
Part 1: The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in
Australia in 1999. (20 points)
Part 2. Essay writing (30 points)

Chat GPT is an advanced natural language processing tool developed by OpenAI. It has gained a lot of popularity
since its release in November 2022. Advantageous as it may be, this tool poses lots of threats to our lives in many
aspects.
Write a 250-word essay to discuss both pros and cons of Chat GPT.
SAMPLE TEST 4
Part 1. A new business owner enquires about courses. Listen to the conversation and complete each
gap with no more than THREE words/number. (10 points)
West Bay Hotel – details of job
(Example) • Newspaper advert for temporary staff
• Vacancies for (1) ________________________
• Two shifts
• Can choose your (2) ____________________ (must be the same each week)
• Pay: £5.50 per hour, including a (3) _______________________
• A (4) _______________________ is provided in the hotel
• Total weekly pay: £231
• Dress: (5) ____________________ and dark trousers (not supplied); a jacket (supplied)
• Starting date: 28th June
• Call Jane Urwin (Service Manager) before mid-day tomorrow (Tel: 832009)
She’ll require a reference
Part 2: Listen to a lecture about the artist Franz Marc. Write Yes or No in the answer box. (10 pts)
Yes if the statement agrees with the information in the passage
No if the statement contradicts the information in the passage
6. A few years ago in London, some paintings by Franz Marc were sold at record prices.
7. Almost all of Marc’s paintings feature a purple and blue horse standing in a landscape of primary colors.
8. In The Fate of the Animals Marc seems to offer a warning of the impending Great War.
9. The art group The Blue Rider were aiming to capture the purity of style often found in paintings by
children.
10. Marc’s life ended tragically in the war in 1960 when he was killed by a grenade in France.
Part 3. Listen to a piece of news and fill in the gaps using no more than FOUR WORDS OR NUMBER
for each blank. (20 pts)
Recently in the Great Pyramids, a 100-feet long space, which is called a (1) _______________, has been
discovered lately. According to “The Nature”, this is a significant discovery to archaeology because since
the 1800s, there has been no other significant discovery like this (2) ______________ . However, whether
this can help to unravel the ancient mysteries is (3) ______________. There is no proof that a/an (4)
______________ or burial chamber can be found from this space. There may be more others like this in
the pyramid and this discovery is expected to help the researchers find out how it was built. To identify
this space, not allowed to (5) ______________ or use cameras, they had to take use of some appliances
to track (6) ______________ inside the structure. That’s not the only way the modern technology is
helping archaeologists.
Adam Low, an archaeologist, admitted to being a man with (7) _______________ the tomb of a Pharaoh,
Seti I. It can be learnt from the tomb how ancient people have different thoughts, different values and (8)
_____________. He can read the way they thought through the (9) ______________ on the walls. With
the help of technology, a dialogue crossing time can be built and become one of the most exciting moment.
“The Hall of Beauties” is, in fact, only a (10) ________________ built in a museum in Switzerland.
SECTION B. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (60 points)

Part 1: Choose the answer that best completes each sentence. (20 pts)
1. I’ve heard that argument before and quite frankly it jusst doesn’t ____________!
A. face the music B. hit the roof C. carry weight D. hold water
2. Tim: “You are so lucky to begoing abroad for a whole semester!”
Janet: “ __________ I’ll miss my friends and family.”
A. That is B. On account that C. All the same D. But despite
3. Unsalted butter is best for this recipe, but ___________ that , margarine will do.
A. except B. failing C. for all of D. given
4. In spite of working their fingers to the _______________ , all the staff were made redundant.
A. nail B. edge C. flesh D. bone
5. Instead of defending traditional values, the church frequently seems _______ and irresolute.
A. far-fetched B. strong-willed C. weak-kneed D. long-awaited
6. The more expensive carpet is a good choice _______ it will last longer.
A. by means of B. due to C. in that D. in view of
7. She got a bit hot _______ the collar when a colleague started criticizing her work.
A. under B. on C. beyond D. from
8. Employees of the company are forbidden to ________ information about the secret formula.
A. betray B. divulge C. portray D. unveil
9. Jack _______and can usually let us know what the boss’s mood is.
A. turns a blind eye B. plays it by ear C. keeps his ear to the ground D. is all ears
10.It sounds like you let people take advantage of you _______, you need to learn to be more assertive.
A. Otherwise B. If only C. What if D. If so
11. It was a hot summer day and ice cream salesmen were doing a ________trade.
A. busy B. lucrative C. bustling D. roaring
12. My mother had to take private pupils in order to ___________ her salary as a teacher.
A. augment B. expand C. complete D. inflate
13. I found the last scene extremely _________ and particularly well-directed.
A. pathetic B. sympathetic C. pitiful D. moving
14. Lauren is often labelled easy-going as she tends to appear mild and relaxed rather than tense and ____
A. sullen B. likeable C. humorous D. excitable
15. The two boys really ______ it off from the moment they met.
A. hit B. struck C. made D. put
16. I picked up these ___from the travel agents today. They have a great offer on cruises to Turkey for the
end of April!
A. leaflets B. manifestoes C. brochures D. programmes
17. I had a strong ___________ that a disaster would occur, and it did.
A. premonition B. prediction C. forethought D. anticipation
18. Because of the dominance of retail chain-stores, most shopping centers show the same bland __ and
no imagination.
A. similarity B. likeness C. equality D. uniformity
19. She wears the most _______ color combinations you could ever imagine.
A. hiding B. hideout C. hidebound D. hideous
20. It would help _______ me, if you could go to the Post Office for me.
A. totally B. absolutely C. enormously D. largely
Part 2. Give the correct form of the word in the brackets. (10 pts)
1. The building looks a bit _________ from the outside but it’s quite traditional inside. (FUTURE)
2. She was charged with being disorderly and ____________. (INTOXICANT)
3. The damage caused by the terrible storm two days ago was___________ by the government. The
real figures go up every minute. (ESTIMATE)
4. They exchanged ___________ for a few minutes before saying goodbye. (PLEASANT)
5. There is a decline in the __________ of cigarette smoking among young men. (PREVAIL)
6. Many teachers expressed serious __________ about the new tests. (GIVE)
7. The new policy only serves to __________ the inadequacy of help for the homeless. (ACCENT)
8. The unresponsive audience made the lecturer somewhat ________ .What a shame. (HEART)
9. They paid little attention to the _______ of the pieces. (FRAGMENT)
10. Chrissy tossed the junk mail in the bin and in doing so, she ______ made a joke of the lives of people
she would. (WIT)
Part 3. Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable preposition or particle (10 pts)
1. His fame is now _______ the wane.
2. If you want tickets to the game, you’ll have to be quick _______ the mark.
3. In matters pertaining ________ the soul, woman does not differ from man.
4. She played _____ the fact that I’d enjoyed studying Shakespeare at school and suggested that I
audition for a part.
5. It was a good offer, but he would need time to mull it ________ .
6. The Vietnamese national team has clocked _______ 8 gold medals in the Martial arts events.
7. If the school reins _______its expenditure on research and development, the quality, as a whole, will
be affected.
8. It’s generally agreed that the primary responsibility for the child’s education should rest_______ the
family.
9. During the violent storm, the little boats strained _______ their anchors at the mercy of the breaking
waves.
10. Students are demanding equal rights for men and women, and several newspapers have taken _____
their cause.
III. READING (60 points)

Part 1: Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. Write your
answers in corresponding numbered boxes. (15 pts)
The war on drugs in the United States is a (n) (1) ______ battle that has, as of recent times, reached
(2) ______ levels. In every city and state across the nation, law enforcement officials are working around
the (3) ______ to eradicate the illegal use, possession and (4) ______ of controlled substances at all levels
of society. The increasing devotion of resources and efforts to the battle has achieved mixed results.
A growing amount of money is being devoted to the (5) ______ of the war on drugs as time
progresses. At last count, 19. 2 billion dollars was being spent annually on the ongoing struggle, (6) ______
of pay for law enforcement officials, education, treatment and other uses. This staggering amount
translates into a stunning 609 dollars per second.
Results are being achieved. An arrest for drug-related offenses occurs every 20 seconds, and 648
people are put in prison every day on drug-related charges. These numbers illustrate the prevailing tactic
used by the U. S. government in the war against drug-going after the people supporting the industry. By
removing both the suppliers and purchasers of illegal drugs, it is hoped that the industry will collapse by
itself, through the (7) ______ of supply and demand.
Aside from directly arresting those individuals responsible for the selling and purchasing of illegal
drugs, the United States has also (8) ______ on a campaign to take away the tools by which the drugs are
used, primarily in the form of needles. To this end, there has been a recent federal ban on needle exchanges
intended to restrict access to the tools necessary for the use of some illegal drugs.
This program has drawn harsh criticism, however, as it has resulted in the use reuse of unsanitary
needles, possibly contributing to the number of AIDS infections in drug users who would otherwise have
avoided infection by using (9) ______ needles that could have been provided, but for the federal ban.
According to a study conducted by the AIDS Prevention Studies Center of the University of California
at San Francisco, 4, 000 new infections of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, could be avoided per year if
the federal ban on needle exchanges was (10) ______. This translates into more than 10 new cases of HIV
avoided per day, a figure that causes one to pause and consider whether the war on drugs is being fought
in the best manner possible.
1. A. escalating B. decreasing C. downhill D. ceasing
2. A. comparable B. previous C. unprecedented D. achievable
3. A. watch B. clock C. time D. tide
4. A. contribution B. attribution C. distribution D. substitution
5. A. founding B. funding C. commerce D. trading
6. A. consisting B. being consisted C. was consisted D. were consisted
7. A. elimination B. illumination C. deterioration D. escalation
8. A. joined B. participated C. embarked D. engaged
9. A. saturated B. fertile C. sterile D. barren
10. A. lifted B. raised C. aroused D. risen
Part 2: Fill each blank with ONE suitable word. (15 pts)
In most art museums, the paintings on the wall just look flat, (1) ______ sometimes visitors come
across an image that appears to be three-dimensional. The artist has cleverly used colors, lines, and
shading to give the painting some depth, making it more (2) ______. The artistic technique of creating
three-dimensional images of something on a flat surface is called trompe l'oeil, a French phrase meaning
tricking the eye. Today, some artists are adapting the idea of tricking the eye to make things become
invisible. A new (3) ______ for this is camouflage art. In nature, there are major benefits to using
camouflage to blend (4) ______ with the surroundings. Becoming invisible, or at (5) ______ being harder
to see on the ground or in a tree allows insects and animals to hide from things that might eat them. It
also allows them to get close (6) ______ to surprise other insects or smaller animals that they want to
catch and eat. Artists are not hiding or preparing to attack. (7) ______, they are using the idea of
camouflage to make urban spaces look nicer or to make statements with their art. Sometimes they just do
it (8) ______ fun. Artists can make these things more interesting and in some cases make them (9) ______
visible. In many urban areas, large buildings have been painted with amazing murals that trick our eyes.
Thus, ordinary brick walls are transformed into interesting (10) ______ of art. Temporary walls put up to
keep people out of a construction site can be painted like the finished building to camouflage the site.
Part 3: Read the text and do the following tasks. (15 pts)
THE ROBOTS ARE COMING - OR ARE THEY?
What is the current state of play in Artificial Intelligence?
A. Can robots advance so far that they become the ultimate threat to our existence? Some scientists
say no, and dismiss the very idea of Artificial Intelligence. The human brain, they argue, is the most
complicated system ever created, and any machine designed to reproduce human thought is bound to fail.
Physicist Roger Penrose of Oxford University and others believe that machines are physically incapable
of human thought. Colin McGinn of Rutgers University backs this up when he says that Artificial
Intelligence is like sheep trying to do complicated psychoanalysis. They just don't have the conceptual
equipment they need in their limited brains'.
B. Artificial Intelligence, or AI, is different from most technologies in that scientists still understand
very little about how intelligence works. Physicists have a good understanding of Newtonian mechanics
and the quantum theory of atoms and molecules, whereas the basic laws of intelligence remain a mystery.
But a sizeable number of mathematicians and computer scientists, who are specialists in the area, are
optimistic about the possibilities. To them it is only a matter of time before a thinking machine walks out
of the laboratory. Over the years, various problems have impeded all efforts to create robots. To attack
these difficulties, researchers tried to use the 'top-down approach', using a computer in an attempt to
program all the essential rules onto a single disc. By inserting this into a machine, it would then become
self-aware and attain human-like intelligence.
C. In the 1950s and 1960s great progress was made, but the shortcomings of these prototype robots
soon became clear. They were huge and took hours to navigate across a room. Meanwhile, a fruit fly,
with a brain containing only a fraction of the computing power, can effortlessly navigate in three
dimensions. Our brains, like the fruit fly's, unconsciously recognise what we see by performing countless
calculations. This unconscious awareness of patterns is exactly what computers are missing. The second
problem is robots' lack of common sense. Humans know that water is wet and that mothers are older than
their daughters. But there is no mathematics that can express these truths. Children learn the intuitive
laws of biology and physics by interacting with the real world. Robots know only what has been
programmed into them.
D. Because of the limitations of the top-down approach to Artificial Intelligence, attempts have been
made to use a 'bottom-up' approach instead - that is, to try to imitate evolution and the way a baby learns.
Rodney Brooks was the director of MIT's Artificial Intelligence laboratory, famous for its lumbering
'topdown' walking robots. He changed the course of research when he explored the unorthodox idea of
tiny 'insectoid' robots that learned to walk by bumping into things instead of computing mathematically
the precise position of their feet. Today many of the descendants of Brooks' insectoid robots are on Mars
gathering data for NASA (The National Aeronautics and Space Administration), running across the dusty
landscape of the planet. For all their successes in mimicking the behaviour of insects, however, robots
using neural networks have performed miserably when their programmers have tried to duplicate in them
the behaviour of higher organisms such as mammals. MIT's Marvin Minsky summarises the problems of
AI: 'The history of AI is sort of funny because the first real accomplishments were beautiful things, like a
machine that could do well in a maths course. But then we started to try to make machines that could
answer questions about simple children's stories. There's no machine today that can do that.'
E. There are people who believe that eventually there will be a combination between the top-down
and bottom-up, which may provide the key to Artificial Intelligence. As adults, we blend the two
approaches. It has been suggested that our emotions represent the quality that most distinguishes us as
human, that it is impossible for machines ever to have emotions. Computer expert Hans Moravec thinks
that in the future robots will be programmed with emotions such as fear to protect themselves so that they
can signal to humans when their batteries are running low, for example. Emotions are vital in decision-
making. People who have suffered a certain kind of brain injury lose the ability to experience emotions
and become unable to make decisions. Without emotions to guide them, they debate endlessly over their
options. Moravec points out that as robots become more intelligent and are able to make choices, they
could likewise become paralysed with indecision. To aid them, robots of the future might need to have
emotions hardwired into their brains.
F. There is no universal consensus as to whether machines can be conscious, or even, in human
terms, what consciousness means. Minsky suggests the thinking process in our brain is not localised but
spread out, with different centres competing with one another at any given time. Consciousness may then
be viewed as a sequence of thoughts and images issuing from these different, smaller 'minds', each one
competing for our attention. Robots might eventually attain a 'silicon consciousness', Robots, in fact,
might one day embody an architecture for thinking and processing information that is different from ours
- but also indistinguishable. If that happens, the question of whether they really 'understand' becomes
largely irrelevant. A robot that has perfect mastery of syntax, for all practical purposes, understands what
is being said.
Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter, A-F.
1. an insect that proves the superiority of natural intelligence over Artificial Intelligence
2. robots being able to benefit from their mistakes
3. many researchers not being put off believing that Artificial Intelligence will eventually be developed
4. the possibility of creating Artificial Intelligence being doubted by some academics
5. no generally accepted agreement of what our brains do
Complete the summary below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
When will we have a thinking machine?
Despite some advances, the early robots had certain (6) ______. They were given the information they
needed on a (7) ______. This was known as the 'top-down' approach and enabled them to do certain tasks
but they were unable to recognise (8) ______. Nor did they have any intuition or ability to make decisions
based on experience. Rodney Brooks tried a different (9) ______. Robots similar to those invented by
Brooks are to be found on (10) ______where they are collecting information.
Part 4. Read the following passage and choose the best answer A, B, C or D .
There is one kind of pain for which nobody has yet found a cure—the pain that comes from the ending
of a relationship. The relationship could be a marriage, a love affair, or a deep friendship, in fact, any
strong emotional tie between two people. Such a relationship may come to an abrupt but premeditated
end: or it may simply fade away slowly as people and circumstances change. You may be the one to
“break it off” , with a short note or a brief phone call. Or you may be on the receiving end, like the soldier
who dreads getting a “Dear john” letter from a girlfriend who has got tired of waiting. But however it
ended and whoever decided to end it, the pain is equally hard to bear. It is a sort of death, and it requires
the same period of mourning, the same time for grief.
Although there is no cure for grief, we cannot help looking for one, to ease the pain and to make us
forget our tears. We seek refuge in other relationships, we keep ourselves busy with work, we try to
immerse ourselves in our hobbies. Perhaps we start to drink more than we should to “drown our sorrows,”
or we follow the conventional advice and join a club or society. But these things only relieve the symptoms
of the illness; they cannot cure it. Moreover, we are always in a hurry to get rid of our grief. It is as if we
were ashamed of it. We feel that we should be able to “pull ourselves together.” We try to convince
ourselves, as we bite on the pillow, that we are much too old to be crying. Some people bury their grief
deep inside themselves, so that nobody will guess what they are going through. Others seek relief by
pouring their hearts out to their friends, or to anyone else who can offer a sympathetic shoulder to cry on.
But after a while, even our friends start to show their impatience, and suggest with their reproachful
glances that it is about time we stopped crying. They, too, are in a hurry for the thing to be over.
It is not easy to explain why we adopt this attitude to emotional pain, when we would never expect
anyone to overcome physical pain simply by an effort of will power. Part of the answer must lie in the
nature of grief itself. When the love affair dies, you cannot believe that you will ever find another person
to replace the one who has gone so completely out of your life. Even after many, many months, when
you think that you have begun to learn to live without your lost love, something—a familiar place, a piece
of music, a whiff of perfume — will suddenly bring the bitter-sweet memories flooding back. You choke
back the tears and desperate, almost angry, feeling that you are no better now than the day the affair
ended.
And yet, grief is like an illness that must run its course. Memories do fade eventually, a healing skin
does start to grow over the wound, the intervals between sudden glimpses of the love you have lost do get
longer. Bit by bit, life resumes its normal flow. Such is the complexity of human nature that we can even
start to feel guilty as these things start to happen, as if it were an insult to our lost love that we can begin
to forget at all.
The important thing to admit about grief, then, is that it will take its time. By trying to convince
ourselves that it ought to be over sooner, we create an additional tension which can only make things
worse. People who have gone through the agony of a broken relationship and there are few who have not
-agree that time is the "GREAT HEALER". How much time is needed will vary from person to person,
but psychiatrist have “a rule of thumb”: grief will last as long as the original relationship lasted .The sad
thing is that ,when the breakdown occurs ,we can only stumble forward over the stones beneath out feet.
It is dark ahead, and you will feel painfully many times before we begin to see the light as the end of the
tunnel.
1. Relationships often come to an end because……………
A. the feeling of the people was not very deep. B. people do not realize the pain they can cause.
C. people do not always stay the same. D. very few people really know how to love.
2. One way to get over the broken relationship is to …………
A. write a “Dear john” letter. B. form new relationships
C. make a brief phone call D. try to forget the other person.
3. If you seek advice on what to do about a broken relationship, you will probably be told to ………..
A. pull yourself together (use your will power) B. keep busy at work
C. find someone else D. join a club
4. Often we are ashamed when we cry because …………..
A. we think it is a childish thing to do.
B. we do not expect our unhappiness to last so long.
C. we are worried about what others will think of us
D. only children and babies cry.
5. You tell your friends about your unhappiness because…………
A. you hope it will make you feel better B. you want them to hear the story from you
C. you feel sure that they have had similar experiences D. you want them to feel sorry for you
6. When your friends get tired of listening to you they will ………….
A. tell you to pull yourself together B. try to avoid your company
C. show by their expressions that they have had enough D. help you to get over your grief
7. We are upset by reminders of our lost love because they come so……………
A. rarely. B. rapidly. C. unexpectedly. D. occasionally.
8. Memories continue to upset you, and this makes you feel that…………
A. will never get over your grief B. have no will power
C. are utterly alone D. have made no progress at all
9. If we try to recover too quickly from grief we shall make ourselves………
A. nervous B. tense C. ill D. unpopular
10. Psychiatrists tell you that grief will last as long as the original relationship. This calculation is ……………..
A. the result of scientific research B. no more than a hopeful guess
C. generally true but with many exceptions D. based on a deep understanding of human nature
IV. WRITING (50 points)

Part 1: (20 points)
The chart shows the participation in social work by men and women of the country of Fancy from
1992 to 2000
Write a report of about 150 words describing their contribution
Participation in social work by men and

In thousand women
10 Wom
en
8
6
4
2
0
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 Year
Part 2: Write an essay of about 350 words to express your opinion on the following issue (30 pts)
Schools are no longer necessary because children can get so much information available through the
Internet, and they can study just as well at home.
What is your own opinion?
Give reasons for your answer, and include any relevant examples from your knowledge or experience.
You may continue your writing on the back page if you need more space
SAMPLE TEST 5
I. LISTENING (50 points)
Part 1: For questions 1-5, listen to the recording and complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO
WORDS AND/ OR NUMBERS for each answer. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes
provided. (10 pts)
Hire for: birthday party
Day and date of event 1. ________________ November
Number of attendees 55
Notes on rental
Items Quantity
dinner plates and bowls for finger food and a 2. __________ 60 each
knives and forks 3. __________
plastic chairs that are 4. ____________ 48
small/medium glasses 60 each
5. ___________ for cooling drinks 06
Part 2: You will hear a news segment about ChatGPT. For questions 6-10, decide whether the statement is TRUE
(T) or FALSE (F). (10 points)
1. ChatGPT is characterized by natural language response not limited to one single writing style.
2. ChatGPT admits being able to converse, provide assistance, and emote.
3. The program is capable of producing certain literature works to complex academic compositions.
4. One weakness of the technology is that the system itself cannot fathom its own output.
5. Predictions made by people in the field about chatbot technologies’ progress were accurate.
Part 3: For questions 11-15, listen to an interview with the head of an employment agency about job expectations
and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided. (10 points)
6. How does Diane Webber view ‘jobs for life’?
A. She regrets the fact that this situation is no longer the norm.
B. She feels that many long-serving employees failed to make a useful contribution.
C. She believes that people should have challenged their employers’ motives more.
D. She wishes the workplace had been more secure in the past.
7. According to Diane, younger workers in today’s workplace ______.
A. learn all the skills they need early on.
B. accept lateral moves if they are attractive.
C. expect to receive benefits right from the start.
D. change jobs regularly to achieve a higher level.
8. What does Diane say about staff continuity in companies?
A. It is desirable in both junior and senior management.
B. It is impossible to achieve in today’s more competitive environment.
C. It is unimportant, due to the greater emphasis on teamwork.
D. It is necessary, but only up to a point.
9. According to Diane, what is the actual benefit of higher levels of personnel movement?
A. higher levels of output B. better problem-solving
C. more creativity D. greater efficiency
10. Diane considers that nowadays, companies are at most risk from ______.
A. run-of-the-mill employees who play safe. B. successful high-fliers who quickly move on.
C. unreliable staff who lack commitment. D. external advisors who have undue power.
Part 4: For questions 16-25, listen to a piece of news about the changing face of Hollywood and supply the blanks
with the missing information. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each
answer in the space provided. (20 points)
Spectacular changes have been observed in Hollywood with more actors/actresses of 21.
____________________ origin. According to the woman, such a movement was driven by the rising
popularity of 22. ____________________ services, making 23. ____________________ in the film
industry just as relevant. As a result, emphasis is to be placed on 24. ____________________ to ensure
that 25. ____________________ are portrayed. In particular, certain groups of people should less likely
appear as 26. ____________________ or perform supporting roles only, and the 27.
____________________ about their community should also be eliminated. For example, followers of
Islam should no longer be inaccurately depicted as merely victims or 28. ____________________.
However, currently only a tiny proportion of people working in Hollywood are Asians. Though 29.
____________________, those strides can be seen as a welcome change. Still, the American film industry
is expected to aim for expanding its 30. ____________________.
II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (40 points)

Part 1. For questions 26-45, choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to each of the following questions. Write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (20 points)
26. Their full skirts flared out as the dancers ______ round and round at great speed.
A. slid B. tripped C. twirled D. winched
27. Little Tom ______ his gaze to avoid making eye contact when his mother caught him eating icecream.
A. converted B. averted C. reverted D. diverted
28. The board of directors finally reached a ___ and were able to draw up the agreement to implement
the new strategy.
A. consensus B. cohesion C. solidarity D. resolution
29. My mother told me that, as a child, I used to ______ continually for sweets and toys.
A. whine B. grumble C. savage D. pester
30. The company’s attempt to attract new customers with a flashy _____ failed to resonate with its target
audience.
A. scam B. snare C. gimmick D. plot
31. My teacher emphasized the importance of ______ the line when it came to academic integrity.
A. drawing B. facing C. touching D. toeing
32. It takes time to get a financial system up and ______ after the introduction of a new currency.
A. walking B. proceeding C. running D. going
33. Despite advancements in technology, some individuals still prefer to communicate ___ by using
outdated methods.
A. fortuitously B. gratuitously C. circuitously D. felicitously
34. During the award ceremony, the host decided to ______ a surprise ______ the audience by announcing
an additional category for the awards.
A. apprise/of B. remit/to C. devolve/to D. spring/on
35. After the floods, volunteers ______ with trucks to help the three thousand residents.
A. touched up B. dealt in C. flung off D. pitched in
36. The car was launched with a massive media _______, involving newspapers, magazines, television
and radio.
A. raid B. blitz C. blast D. spree
37. The board of directors finally reached a ___ and were able to draw up the agreement to implement
the new strategy.
A. consensus B. cohesion C. solidarity D. resolution
38. The company’s attempt to attract new customers with a flashy _____ failed to resonate with its target
audience.
A. scam B. snare C. gimmick D. plot
39. Despite advancements in technology, some individuals still prefer to communicate ___ by using
outdated methods.
A. fortuitously B. gratuitously C. circuitously D. felicitously
40. No, I won’t support such a risky project this time and end up ______ again.
A. getting my bearings B. pulling my weight
C. carrying the can D. raising the roof
41. The contents were ______ that she did not mention them when we discussed after the programme.
A. so great a mystery B. so a great mystery
C. such great a mystery D. a such great mystery
42. ______ by thousands of kilometres, India and Germany have had an influence on each other.
A. Although separating B. Though separated
C. Despite being separating D. Much as separated
43. I feel like the luckiest person in the world, ______.
A. having been born at this time B. being born at this time
C. to be born at this time D. to have been born at this time
44. Last night, when he arrived home, he crept in ______ his parents should wake up.
A. lest B. otherwise C. unless D. nontheless
45. ______ with being so busy both at work and at home, she became increasingly tired and bad-tempered.
A. Which B. How C. What D. Where
Part 2. Write the correct form of the words given in the brackets. Write your answers in the corresponding
numbered boxes. (10 points)
46. The newly renovated airport terminal with efficient check-in processes offers a _______ (stream) travel
experience for tourists.
47. Growth and ________ (mature) of vascular plants are often controlled by light, usually in conjunction
with temperature.
48. The valedictorian delivered a ______ sppech, expressing gratitude to their teachers and classmates for
the unforgettable experiences. (HEART)
49. During the natural disaster, relief supples were ______ to the affected region, ensuring prompt
assistance to those in need. (AIR)
50. In response to the escalating climate crisis, the government implemented ______ measures to mitigate
the adverse effects. (CAUTION)
51. The team worked together seamlessly as if their movement were orchestrated like ______. (CLOCK)
52. British public schools are regarded as one of the last ______ of upper-class privilege. (BASTE)
53. They have a store of ______ drugs and vaccines that can be flown anywhere in the nation within
twelve hours. (DEFEND)
54. The company is famous for ______ former employees, long after they have gone into retirement.
(FEATHER)
55. The children of ______ parents often do not develop the skills they need to take care of themselves
when they leave home. (PROTECT)
Part 3. Complete each sentence with one suitable particle or preposition. Write your answers in the box provided.
(10 points)
56. I knew ______ the word go this book would be difficult to write.
57. I knew I was ______ the hill when I started needing glasses to read.
58. He went ______ his own accord: nobody forced him to go.
59. My son has gone ______ computer games. They are not as interesting as before.
60. ‘This will cause all sorts of problems.’ - ‘I know. It is a recipe ______ disaster.’
61. When the cost was set ______ the benefits, the scheme looked good.
62. The company has laid ______ strict procedures for this kind of situation.
63. It was a difficult concept to grasp, but he soon latched ______.
64. He's going to have to pull his socks ______ if he wants to stay in the team.
65. The company pulled ______ despite the economic crisis.
III. READING (50 POINTS)

Part 1. Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. Write your
answers in corresponding numbered boxes. (15 points)
A LACK OF COMMUNICATION
Recent research has revealed that a third of people in Britain have not met their (66) ______ neighbors,
and those who know each other (67) ______ speak. Neighbors gossiping over garden fences and in the
street was a common (68) ______ in the 1950s, says Dr Carl Chinn, an expert on local communities.
Now, however, longer hours spent working at the office, together with the Internet and satellite television,
are eroding neighborhood (69) ______. ‘Poor neighborhoods once had strong kinship, but now prosperity
buys privacy,’ said Chinn.
Professor John Locke, a social scientist at Cambridge University, has analyzed a large (70) ______ of
surveys. He found that in America and Britain the amount of time spent in social activity is decreasing.
A third of people said they never spoke to their neighbors at (71) ______. Andrew Mayer, 25, a strategy
consultant, rents a large apartment in west London, with two flatmates, who work in e-commerce. ‘We
have a family of teachers upstairs and lawyers below, but our only contact comes via letters (72) ______
to the communal facilities or complaints that we’ve not put out our bin bags properly,’ said Mayer.
The (73) ______ of communities can have serious effects. Concerned at the rise in burglaries and (74)
______ of vandalism, the police have relaunched crime prevention schemes such as Neighborhood
Watch, (75) ______ on people who live in the same area to keep an eye on each others’ houses and report
anything they see which is unusual.
66. A. side-on B. next-door C. close-up D. nearside

67. A. barely B. roughly C. nearly D. virtually
68. A. outlook B. view C. vision D. sight
69. A. ties B. joints C. strings D. laces
70. A. deal B. amount C. number D. measure
71. A. least B. once C. all D. most
72. A. concerning B. regarding C. applying D. relating
73. A. breakout B. breakthrough C. breakdown D. breakaway
74. A. acts B. shows C. counts D. works
75. A. asking B. calling C. inviting D. trying
Part 2: For questions 46-55, fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word and write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (15 points)
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability caused by differences in the brain.
Some people with ASD have a (76) ______ difference, such as a genetic condition. Other causes are not
yet known. Scientists believe there are multiple causes of ASD that (77) ______ together to change the
most common ways people (78) ______. We still have much to learn about these causes and how they
impact people with ASD.
People with ASD may behave, communicate, interact, and learn in ways that are different from most
other people. There is often (79) ______ about how they look that sets them (80) ______ from other
people. The abilities of people with ASD can vary significantly. For example, some people with ASD
may have (81) ______ conversation skills whereas others may be nonverbal. Some people with ASD need
a lot of help in their daily lives; others can work and live with little to no support.
ASD begins before the age of 3 years and can last throughout a person’s life, (82) ______ symptoms
may improve over time. As children with ASD become adolescents and young adults, they may have
difficulties developing and (83) ______ friendships, communicating with peers and adults, or
understanding what behaviors are expected in school or on the job. They may come to the attention of
(84) ______ providers because they also have conditions such as anxiety, depression, or hyperactivity (85)
______, which occur more often in people with ASD than in people without ASD.
Part 3. For questions 76-85, read an extract from an article on a model and choose the answer A, B, C or D that
fits best according to the text. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (15 points)
In the 1980s the United States Department of Energy was looking for suitable sites to bury radioactive
waste material generated by its nuclear energy programs. The government was considering burying the
dangerous wastes in deep underground chambers in remote desert areas. The problem, however, was that
nuclear waste remains highly radioactive for thousands of years. The commission entrusted with tackling
the problem of waste disposal was aware that the dangers posed by radioactive emissions must be
communicated to our descendants of at least 10,000 years hence. So the task became one of finding a way
to tell future societies about the risk posed by these deadly deposits.
Of course, human society in the distant future may be well aware of the hazards of radiation.
Technological advances may one day provide the solutions to this dilemma. But the belief in constant
technological advancement is based on our perceptions of advances made throughout history and
prehistory. We cannot be sure that society won’t have slipped backward into an age of barbarism due to
any of several catastrophic events, whether the result of nature such as the onset of a new ice age or
perhaps mankind’s failure to solve the scourges of war and pollution. In the event of global catastrophe,
it is quite possible that humans of the distant future will be on the far side of a broken link of
communication and technological understanding.
The problem then becomes how to inform our descendants that they must avoid areas of potential
radioactive seepage given that they may not understand any currently existing language and may have no
historical or cultural memory. So, any message indicated to future reception and decipherment must be
as universally understandable as possible.
It was soon realized by the specialists assigned the task of devising the communication system that
material in which the message was written might not physically endure the great lengths of time
demanded. The second law of thermodynamics shows that all material disintegrates over time. Even
computers that might carry the message cannot be expected to endure long enough. Besides, electricity
supplies might not be available in 300 generations. Other media storage methods were considered and
rejected for similar reasons.
The task force under the linguist Thomas Sebeok finally agreed that no foolproof way would be found
to send a message across so many generations and have it survive physically and be decipherable by a
people with few cultural similarities to us. Given this restriction, Sebeok suggested the only possible
solution was the formation of a committee of guardians of knowledge. Its task would be to dedicate itself
to maintaining and passing the knowledge of the whereabouts and dangers of the nuclear waste deposits.
This so-called atomic priesthood would be entrusted with keeping knowledge of this tradition alive
through millennia and developing the tradition into a kind of mythical taboo forbidding people to tamper
in a way with the nuclear waste sites. Only the initiated atomic priesthood of experts would have the
scientific knowledge to fully understand the danger. Those outside the priesthood would be kept away by
a combination of rituals and legends designed to warn off intruders.
This proposal has been criticized because of the possibility of a break in continuity of the original
message. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that any warning or sanction passed on for millennia would
be obeyed, nor that it could survive with its original meaning intact. To counterbalance this possibility,
Sebeok’s group proposed a “relay system” in which information is passed on over relatively short periods
of time, just three generations ahead. The message then to be renewed and redesigned if necessary for the
following three generations and so on over the required time span. In this way information could be
relayed into the future and avoid the possibility of physical degradation.
A second defect is more difficult to dismiss, however. This is the problem of social exclusiveness
brought about through possession of vital knowledge. Critics point out that the atomic priesthood could
use its secret knowledge to control those who are scientifically ignorant. The establishment of such an
association of insiders holding powerful knowledge not available except in mythic form to nonmembers
would be a dangerous precedent for future social developments.
86. The word "chambers" in the passage is closest in meaning to ________ .
A. partitions B. openings C. cavities D. fissures
87 . What problem faced the commission assigned to deal with the burial of nuclear waste A. How to
reduce the radioactive life of nuclear waste materials
B. How to form a committee that could adequately express various nuclear risks
C. How to notify future generations of the risks of nuclear contamination
D. How to choose burial sites so as to minimize dangers to people.
88. In paragraph 2, the author explains the possible circumstances of future societies________ .
A. to warn about the possible natural catastrophe
B. to question the value of advances
C. to highlight humankind's inability to resolve problems
D. to demonstrate the reason nuclear hazards must be communicated
89. The word "scourges" in the passage is closest in meaning to ________ .
A. pressures B. afflictions C. worries D. annoyances
90. In paragraph 4, the author mentions the second law of thermodynamics __________ .
A. to support the view that nuclear waste will disperse with time
B. to show that knowledge can be sustained over millennia
C. to give the basic scientific reason behind the breakdown of material objects
D. to contrast the potential life span of knowledge with that of material objects
91. The word "Its" in the passage refers to _________ .
A. knowledge B. committee C. solution D. guardians
92. In paragraph 5, why is the proposed committee of guardians referred to as the "atomic priesthood"?
A. Because they would be an exclusive group with knowledge about nuclear waste sites.
B. Because they would use rituals and legends to maintain their exclusiveness
C. Because they would be an exclusive religious order
D. Because they would develop mythical taboos surrounding their traditions
93. According to the author, why did the task force under Sebeok propose a relay system for passing on
information?
A. To show that Sebeok 's ideas created more problems than they solved
B. To support the belief that breaks in communication are inevitable over time
C. To contrast Sebeok's ideas with those proposed by his main critics
D. To compensate for the fact that meaning will not stable over long periods of time
94. According to paragraph 7, the second defect of the atomic priesthood proposal is that it could lead to
_________ .
A. the nonmembers turning knowledge into dangerous mythical forms
B. the possible misuse of exclusive knowledge
C. the establishment of a scientifically ignorant society
D. the priesthood's criticism of points concerning vital knowledge
95. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as difficulties in devising a communication system
with the future EXCEPT __________.
A. the failure to maintain communication link
B. the loss of knowledge about today's civilization
C. the inability of materials to endure over time
D. the exclusiveness of priesthood
Part 4. For questions 96-105, read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. (15 points)
THE GROWTH MINDSET
Over the past century, a powerful idea has taken root in the educational landscape. The concept
of intelligence as something innate has been supplanted by the idea that intelligence is not fixed, and that,
with the right training, we can be the authors of our own cognitive capabilities. Psychologist Alfred Binet,
the developer of the first intelligence tests, was one of many 19th-century scientists who held that earlier
view and sought to quantify cognitive ability. Then, in the early 20th century, progressive thinkers
revolted against the notion that inherent ability is destiny. Instead, educators such as John Dewey argued
that every child's intelligence could be developed, given the right environment.
'Growth mindset theory' is a relatively new - and extremely popular - version of this idea. In many schools
today you will see hallways covered in motivational posters and hear speeches on the mindset of great
sporting heroes who simply believed their way to the top. A major focus of the growth mindset in schools
is coaxing students away from seeing failure as an indication of their ability, and towards seeing it as a
chance to improve that ability. As educationalist Jeff Howard noted several decades ago: 'Smart is not
something that you just are, smart is something that you can get.'
The idea of the growth mindset is based on the work of psychologist Carol Dweck in California in
the 1990s. In one key experiment, Dweck divided a group of 10- to 12-year-olds into two groups. All were
told that they had achieved a high score on a test but the first group were praised for their intelligence in
achieving this, while the others were praised for their effort. The second group - those who had been
instilled with a 'growth mindset' - were subsequently far more likely to put effort into future tasks.
Meanwhile, the former took on only those tasks that would not risk their sense of worth. This group had
inferred that success or failure is due to innate ability, and this 'fixed mindset' had led them to fear of
failure and lack of effort. Praising ability actually made the students perform worse, while praising effort
emphasised that change was possible.
One of the greatest impediments to successfully implementing a growth mindset, however, is the
education system itself: in many parts of the world, the school climate is obsessed with performance in
the form of constant testing, analysing and ranking of students - a key characteristic of the fixed mindset.
Nor is it unusual for schools to create a certain cognitive dissonance, when they applaud the benefits of a
growth mindset but then hand out fixed target grades in lessons based on performance.
Aside from the implementation problem, the original growth mindset research has also received
harsh criticism. The statistician Andrew Gelman claims that 'their research designs have enough degrees
of freedom that they could take their data to support just about any theory at all'. Professor of Psychology
Timothy Bates, who has been trying to replicate Dweck's work, is finding that the results are repeatedly
null. He notes that: 'People with a growth mindset don't cope any better with failure ... Kids with the
growth mindset aren't getting better grades, either before or after our intervention study.'
Much of this criticism is not lost on Dweck, and she deserves great credit for responding to it and
adapting her work accordingly. In fact, she argues that her work has been misunderstood and misapplied
in a range of ways. She has also expressed concerns that her theories are being misappropriated in schools
by being conflated with the self-esteem movement: 'For me the growth mindset is a tool for learning and
improvement. It's not just a vehicle for making children feel good.'
But there is another factor at work here. The failure to translate the growth mindset into the
classroom might reflect a misunderstanding of the nature of teaching and learning itself. Growth mindset
supporters David Yeager and Gregory Walton claim that interventions should be delivered in a subtle
way to maximise their effectiveness. They say that if adolescents perceive a teacher's intervention as
conveying that they are in need of help, this could undo its intended effects.
A lot of what drives students is their innate beliefs and how they perceive themselves. There is a
strong correlation between self-perception and achievement, but there is evidence to suggest that the
actual effect of achievement on self-perception is stronger than the other way round. To stand up in a
classroom and successfully deliver a good speech is a genuine achievement, and that is likely to be more
powerfully motivating than vague notions of 'motivation' itself.
Recent evidence would suggest that growth mindset interventions are not the elixir of student
learning that its proponents claim it to be. The growth mindset appears to be a viable construct in the lab,
which, when administered in the classroom via targeted interventions, doesn't seem to work. It is hard to
dispute that having faith in the capacity to change is a good attribute for students. Paradoxically, however,
that aspiration is not well served by direct interventions that try to instil it.
Motivational posters and talks are often a waste of time, and might well give students a deluded
notion of what success actually means. Teaching concrete skills such as how to write an effective
introduction to an essay then praising students' effort in getting there is probably a far better way of
improving confidence than telling them how unique they are, or indeed how capable they are of changing
their own brains. Perhaps growth mindset works best as a philosophy and not an intervention.
Questions 96 - 101: Look at the following statements (Questions 17-22) and the list of people below. Match each
statement with the correct person or people, A-E. Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 17-22 on your answer
sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
96. The methodology behind the growth mindset studies was not strict enough.
97. The idea of the growth mindset has been incorrectly interpreted.
98. Intellectual ability is an unchangeable feature of each individual.
99. The growth mindset should be promoted without students being aware of it.
100. The growth mindset is not simply about boosting students' morale.
101. Research shows that the growth mindset has no effect on academic achievement.
List of People
A Alfred Binet
B Carol Dweck
C Andrew Gelman
D Timothy Bates
E David Yeager and Gregory Walton
Questions 102-105: Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2? In
boxes 102-105 on your answer sheet, write
YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
102. Dweck has handled criticisms of her work in an admirable way.
103. Students' self-perception is a more effective driver of self-confidence than actual achievement
is.
104. Recent evidence about growth mindset interventions has attracted unfair coverage
in the media.
105. Deliberate attempts to encourage students to strive for high achievement may have a negative
effect.
IV. WRITING (50 points)
Part 1. Chart description (20 points)
The graph below shows the average monthly change in the prices of three metals during 2014.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. You
should write at least 150 words.
Part 2. Write an essay of at least 250 words on the following topic. (30 points)
Many people say that children should be free to choose what they do in their free time rather than being
organized by parents. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement?
SAMPLE TEST 6
Part 1. You will listen to a short conversation about easy life cleaning services. For questions 1-5, complete the form
below by writing NO MORE THAN ONE WORD OR A NUMBER for each answer. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided on the answer sheet. (10 points)
Easy Life Cleaning services
Basic cleaning package offered
• Cleaning all surfaces
• Cleaning the 1 __________ throughout the apartment
• Cleaning shower, sinks, toilet etc.
Additional services agreed
• Every week
− Cleaning the 2 ______________
− Ironing clothes – 3 ______________ only
• Every month
− Cleaning all the 4 _______________ from the inside
− Washing down the 5 ______________
Part 2. You will listen to a recording about going vegan and its effect on the environment. For questions 6-10,
decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered
boxes provided on the answer sheet. (10 points)
6. Vegans can consume eggs, milk and honey.
7. A large-scale study said that eating more meat plays a pivotal role in saving the planet.
8. Raising livestock for meat results in deforestation.
9. 16% of greenhouse gasses comes from air released from cows’ digestive system.
10. Beans and chickpeas can be good alternatives to meat in daily diet.
Part 3. You will hear a radio interview in which two young journalists — called Angus Brown and Yolanda
Zouche — are talking about their work. For questions 11-15, choose the answers which fit best according to what
you hear. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided on the answer sheet. (10 points)
11. In Yolanda’s opinion, what is the most challenging aspect of her job?
A. finding suitable images to accompany articles
B. trying to locate interviewees
C. expressing herself coherently within a tight word limit
D. working to demanding time constraints
12. What is it about their work that Angus and Yolanda both enjoy?
A. the variety of the projects they get involved in B. the challenge of reporting news effectively
C. the opportunity to meet interesting people D. the appeal of searching out information
13. In Angus’s opinion, the advantage of online newspapers over print versions is that they _______.
A. are able to cover a greater range of topics. B. can keep up with events as they develop.
C. allow interaction by readers. D. reach a far wider public.
14. What made getting a job in journalism so hard for Angus?
A. the extent of competition for posts B. a low level of encouragement from others
C. a lack of previous professional experience D. the difficulty of establishing useful contacts
15. Yolanda believes that the essential requirement for a journalist entering the profession is ______.
A. an ability to write persuasively. B. a clear and logical mind.
C. a resourceful and confident character. D. a mastery of interviewing techniques.
Part 4. You will listen to a recording about co-teaching in Herdorn Middle School. For questions 16-25, complete
the summary by writing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS in each gap. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided on the answer sheet. (20 points)
16. Co-teaching is a model of ____________ in which two certified teachers work together in a
classroom which contains students of varying levels of need and ability.
17. There is no _____________ between the roles of the teachers in the classroom.
18. Each team often comprises a content area _____________ and a special education teacher.
19. The first teacher loves talking about individual students through all _____________.
20. She also appreciates _____________ as a good way to help struggling students.
21. The second teacher can get the information or ___________ from another teacher, which is like
crosspollinating.
22. Herdorn Middle School receives extra support to meet _____________.
23. Teachers are confident that the _____________ will be further narrowed.
24. The method helps dispel _____________ before students start practicing.
25. By not _____________ students, they can learn together and build on each other’s strengths.
B. LEXICO - GRAMMAR (50 points)

Part 1. Choose one of the words marked A, B, C, or D which best completes each of the following sentences.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (20 points)
1. This picture book, the few pages _____ are missing, is my favorite.
A. for which B. of that C. to which D. of which
2. He tried to run away from the police and was charged with _______ arrest.
A. suffering B. standing C. tolerating D. resisting
3. Your decision will ______ a great strain on our relationship.
A. impose B. propose C. expose D. suppose
4. In _______ to your letter of 30 May, I am writing to accept your offer of £3,575 in compensation.
A. connection B. touch C. answer D. middle
5. Scuba diving? Oh no, count me _______ - I hate being under water!
A. out B. in C. off D. on
6. The study showed that one in twelve women is_______ to develop breast cancer.
A. likely B. alike C. unlike D. like
7. _______ of all modern domestic poultry is the red jungle fowl is widely believed.
A. The ancestor B. The ancestor is
C. How the ancestor D. That the ancestor
8. Art critics do not all agree on what _______ a painting great.
A. qualities to make B. are the qualities for making
C. qualities make D. do the qualities that make
9. Farmers supply crops with phosphorus in areas ________ have removed it from the soil.
A. because of long years of cultivation B. where long years of cultivation
C. with long years of cultivation D. by long years of cultivation
10. By the time his daughter graduates from the college, Mr. Brown ______.
A. retired B. will have retired C. will be retiring D. has tired
11. Had it not been for the intolerable heat in the hall, they _____ much longer.
A. will stay B. would stay
C. would be staying D. would have stayed
12. Having been served dinner, _______.
A. the problem was discussed by the members of the committee.
B. the committee members discussed the problem.
C. it was discussed by the committee members the problem.
D. a discussion of the problem was made by the members of the committee.
13. Fast internet service in rural areas provided a new ________ for prosperity.
A. convenience B. opportunity C. possibility D. chance
14. I've been on the ________ all day, and I'm really tired.
A. go B. do C. rope D. take
15. Why don’t we eat on the porch for a ________?
A. similarity B. song C. difference D. change
16. The winning entry will be the first correct answer drawn at ________.
A. hand B. random C. least D. last
17. It is high time for the critics _______ their minds to a new approach.
A. to open B. had opened C. opened D. to have opened
18. It’s amazing how Jenny act as though she and Darren_______ serious problems at the moment.
A. hadn’t been having B. hadn’t had C. weren’t having D. aren’t having
19. But the defence argues that Mr. Kwoyelo is a victim, claiming he was abducted as a child while
walking to school and forced to follow ________ for fear of being shot.
A. rules B. guidance C. directions D. orders
20. There was widespread outrage when it was discovered that a known pedophile had been given a job
at the school. “You don’t let the ______ guard the henhouse” said one of the protesters.
A. fox B. cat C. duck D. fish
Part 2. Complete each sentence with one suitable particle or preposition. Write your answers in the box
provided. (10 points)
1. Could you look ____ these old newspapers for articles about the environment?
2. Can you hold ____ till I’ve finished talking the manager? Then I’ll be right with you.
3. She hasn’t told us the whole story. I’m sure she’s keeping something ____.
4. After the first year, I couldn’t cope with university, so I decided to drop ____.
5. Rubber boots are impervious ____ water.
6. It wouldn’t be compatible ____ the public safety to let animals off with a slight punishment.
7. Leisure for study is congenial ____ his tastes.
8. Geology is a science I am not conversant ____.
9. He may be slow at his work, but he is very quick ____ the uptake.
10. The young couple lay ____ money for their old age.
Part 3. Write the correct form of the words given in the brackets. Write your answers in the spaces provided
below. (10 points)
1. I was late because I _____________ how much time I will need. ESTIMATE
2. There was ice on the pavement which made it very difficult to walk as it was SLIP
so _____________.
3. Despite the star-studded cast, the film was only _____________ successful. PART
4. How can you _____________ the fact that some people live in mansions JUST
while others live in slums?
5. My brother lives in an attractive _____________ part of Paris. RESIDENT
6. The car in front was going very slowly, so John__________________ it. TAKE
7. I _____________ met an old friend last week. EXPECT
8. There’s been yet another _____________ of cholera in Delhi. BREAK
9. The lovers stood, hand in hand, gazing at the _____________ sky. STAR
10. There was a heavy _____________ yesterday afternoon which completely POUR
ruined the church Garden Party.
Part 1. For questions 1–10, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.
FOOTBALL AS AN ART FORM
When filmmakers Douglas Gordon and Phillipe Parreno set out to make an art house movie
about the legendary French footballer Zinedine Zidane, they chose to film just one match between Real
Madrid, the club for which he was playing at the (1) ______, and their great rivals Villareal. But instead
of following the progress of the match, the ninety-minute film would show something that had not been
seen before; the (2) ______ detailed movements of one man during an entire top-level football match.
They hoped that the audience would disengage from the match itself, and focus on this portrait of
greatness. Every (3) ______ gesture would be captured and they would see all of the player's grace,
athleticism and competitiveness in great detail.
The (4) ______ film is a fascinating work. Those who are not regular watchers of football will be
astonished at how (5) ______ Zidane becomes actively involved in the game. For much of the ninety
minutes he moves around the field relatively slowly; saying nothing, expressing even less, and only
occasionally (6) ______ into a lethargic jog. And then the ball arrives at his feet, and there is a flurry of
bewildering activity. The cameras (and there are seventeen of them (7) ______ on him) struggle to keep
up. The defenders don't (8) ______ a chance. In a few touches, a couple of checks and feints, Zidane has
(9) ______ them all behind. He crosses from the tightest of (10) ______ and his team-mate is left with the
simplest of headers to score a goal.
1. A. point B. moment C. time D. occasion
2. A. clear B. steady C. precise D. slow
3. A. one B. single C. lone D. sole
4. A. following B. resulting C. concluding D. arising
5. A. partly B. scarcely C. rarely D. hardly
6. A. breaking B. changing C. opening D. starting
7. A. trained B. looking C. pointed D. staring
8. A. gain B. hold C. stand D. earn
9. A. missed B. left C. lost D. dropped
10. A. places B. positions C. areas D. angles
Part 2. Read the text and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only ONE word in each gap.
Getting ready for Mars
The Mars 500 project (1) ______ an experiment that simulated a return mission to Mars. Spending 18
months in a sealed facility in Moscow (2) ______ access to natural light or fresh air, six men were
monitored as they attended (3) ______ their daily duties. A study into (4) ______ each of them coped with
the psychological and physical constraints of the mission has found that there were wide differences in
their wake-sleep patterns. For example, (5) ______ most of the crew began to sleep for longer periods as
the mission progressed and boredom set in, one individual slept progressively less, resulting (6) ______
him becoming chronically sleep-deprived towards the end of the (7) ______. Identifying bad sleepers could
be important on a real Mars mission, during (8) ______ people are required to be constantly alert even
when days are tediously similar. Researchers warn that for any astronaut heading to Mars, exciting as the
trip might initially seem, (9) ______ could be problems with stress brought on by the monotony of routine.
However, they also report that (10) ______ some personal tensions between crew members, there was
overall harmony within the group.
Part 3. You are going to read an article about the history of the electric guitar. For questions 1-10,
choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.
SUPER HUMANS
Sit down with an anthropologist to talk about the nature of humans, and you are likely to hear this
pearl of wisdom: 'Well, you have to remember that 99 percent of human history was spent on the open
savanna in small bands of hunter-gatherers.' It's a classic scientific cliché, and it's true. Indeed, those
millions of ancestral years produced many of our hallmark traits — upright walking and big brains, for
instance. Of course, those useful evolutionary innovations come at a price: aching backs from our bipedal
stance and existential despair from our large, self-contemplative cerebral cortex.
Compounding the challenges of those trade-offs, the world we have invented is dramatically
different from the one to which our bodies and minds are adapted. Have your dinner delivered to you
instead of chasing it down on foot; log in to Facebook to interact with your nearest and dearest instead of
spending most of the day with them. But this is where the utility of the anthropologist's cliche for
explaining the human condition ends.
The reason for this mismatch between the setting we evolved to live in and the situations we
encounter in our modern era derives from another defining characteristic of our kind, arguably the most
important one: our impulse to push beyond the limitations evolution imposed on us by developing tools
to make us faster, smarter and longer-lived. Science is one such tool — an invention that requires us to
break out of our Stone Age seeing-is-believing mindset so that we can clearly see the next hurdle we have
to overcome, be it a pandemic flu or climate change. You could call it the ultimate expression of
humanity's singular drive to aspire to be better than we are.
To understand how natural selection moulded us into the unique primates we have become, let us
return to the ancestral savanna. There the sun was hotter and nutritious plant foods were scarcer. In
response, our predecessors lost their hair and their molars dwindled as they abandoned a tough vegetarian
diet for one focused in part on meat from grassland grazers. Meanwhile, the selective demands of food
scarcities sculpted our distant forebears into having a body that was extremely thrifty and good at storing
calories. Now, having inherited that same metabolism, we hunt and gather burgers as diabetes becomes
a worldwide scourge. Or consider how our immune systems evolved in a world where one hardly ever
encountered someone carrying a novel pathogen. Today, if you sneeze near someone in an airport, your
rhinovirus could be set free 12 time zones away by the next day.
As regards behavior, our abilities abound. We can follow extraordinarily complex scenarios of
social interaction and figure out if a social contract has been violated. And we are peerless when it comes
to facial recognition: we even have an area of the cortex in the fusiform gyrus that specializes in this
activity.
The selective advantages of evolving a highly social brain are obvious. It paved the way for us to
finetune our capabilities for reading one another's mental states, to excel at social manipulation and to
deceive and attract mates and supporters. Among Americans, the extent of social intelligence in youth is
a better predictor of adult success in the occupational world than are academic scores. Indeed, when it
comes to social intelligence in primates, humans reign supreme. The social brain hypothesis of primate
evolution is built on the fact that across primate species the percentage of the brain devoted to the
neocortex correlates with the average size of the social group of that species. This correlation is more
dramatic in humans than in any other primate species.
The fact that we have created this world proves a point — namely, that it is in our nature to be
unconstrained by our nature. Science is one of the strangest, newest domains where we challenge our
hominid limits. It also tests our sense of what is the norm, what counts as better than well and it challenges
our sense of who we are. Thanks to science, human life expectancy keeps extending, our average height
increases, our intelligence test scores improve and we eventually break every world record. But when it
comes to humans becoming, on average, smarter, taller and better at athletics, there is a problem: Who
cares about the average? As individuals, we want to be better than other individuals. Our brain is
invidious, comparative and more interested in contrasts, a state that begins with sensory systems that do
not normally tell us about the quality of a stimulus but instead about the quality relative to the stimuli
around it.
1. According to the writer, the anthropological cliché to explain the nature of mankind ______.
A. needs some slight modifications B. requires little analysis
C. should be considered paradoxical D. is limited in scope
2. Humankind will only be able to use science to progress if ______.
A. ethical considerations are ignored
B. we discard an outdated approach to acquiring knowledge
C. our drive to eliminate barriers continues
D. the philosophy we adopt can be widely understood
3. Our ancient ancestors lived in a world where ______.
A. the necessity to hunt for food led to good health
B. it was vitally important to have a balanced diet
C. isolation allowed them to develop immunity from disease
D. their restricted movement protected them from illness
4. The word “peerless” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. friendless B. unsurpassed C. uncompetitive D. flawless
5. Having a highly social brain ______.
A. allows us to create groups with more members B. prevents us from being misunderstood
C. causes us to be more devious D. helps us to read other people's minds
6. The way we tend to think ______.
A. forces us to overlook our shortcomings
B. has enhanced our understanding of sense perception
C. distorts our perception of the notion of average
D. makes us less likely to be concerned with absolutes
7. The word “invidious” in paragraph 7 mostly means ______.
A. prejudiced B. preordained C. unfathomable D. attitudinal
8. Which of the following square brackets [A], [B], [C], or [D] best indicates where in the paragraph the
sentence "We are no strangers to going out of bounds." can be inserted?
[A] The fact that we have created this world proves a point — namely, that it is in our nature to be
unconstrained by our nature. [B] Science is one of the strangest, newest domains where we challenge our
hominid limits. It also tests our sense of what is the norm, what counts as better than well and it challenges
our sense of who we are. [C] Thanks to science, human life expectancy keeps extending, our average
height increases, our intelligence test scores improve and we eventually break every world record. [D] But
when it comes to humans becoming, on average smarter, taller and better at athletics, there is a problem:
Who cares about the average? As individuals, we want to be better than other individuals. Our brain is
invidious, comparative and more interested in contrasts, a state that begins with sensory systems that do
not normally tell us about the quality of a stimulus but instead about the quality relative to the stimuli
around it.
A. [A] B. [B] C. [C] D. [D]
9. It can be inferred from the passage that
A. there are no limits to human capabilities
B. we will be able to adapt to harsh environments
C. humankind's evolutionary path will not be smooth.
D. our knowledge of the past is crucial to our future
10. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?
A. Social intelligence enables Americans to be both academically and professionally successful.
B. Science helps prolong human life and improve human intelligence to break all world records.
C. Our evolutionary limits can be exceeded and that's what sets us apart from other species.
D. A highly evolved social brain paved the way for humans to be able to read and distort others'
thinking.
Part 4. Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow.
The strange journey that made Great Britain
As evidenced by its geological make-up, the island of Great Britain has a rich and varied pre-history.
First of all, to clear up a common misconception, Great Britain refers, to the largest island of the
British Isles, (Great in this case meaning Big). It is made up of England, Scotland and Wales, and is the
eighth largest island in the world. There are between around 4,000 and 6,289 other islands in the group
(depending on the size of rock we are talking about and whether you can count it as an island if it is only
one at high tide). Of these, around 200 are inhabited.
In order to grasp some of the more difficult ideas behind the prehistory of Great Britain, it helps to look
at the Earth's geological past, starting with its formation 4.5 billion years ago. It is currently thought that
the Earth and the planets were formed from dust left over from when the Sun was created. What is
significant is that the Earth in its infancy was in a largely molten state, with constant volcanic activity and
regular collisions with other bodies (one of which is thought to have created the Moon).
Although scientific opinion varies on many of these points, the generally accepted sequence of
events is as follows: the temperature began to fall, forming the Earth's crust. At the same time, water
appeared in the atmosphere. The volcanic activity released gases, creating an atmosphere, and the water
condensed, forming the oceans. Molten material solidified, forming continents which broke apart and re-
formed many times over the next couple of billion years. These continents migrated around the surface
of the Earth and it is in the study of this continental drift that we can trace Great Britain's past.
At three stages in the Earth's geological past, supercontinents were formed, so that there was only
one major land mass, while most of the rest of the Earth was covered with water. These supercontinents
have been named Rodinia, Pannotia and Pangaea. The earliest of these, Rodinia, broke apart 750 million
years ago, and 200 million years later, the land masses joined together again to form the second
supercontinent, Pannotia.
Around 500 million years ago, in the period known as the Cambrian, Great Britain was largely
underwater in the southern hemisphere, about the same distance from the South Pole as New Zealand is
today. Scotland was attached to the plate with North America, while England and Wales were attached
to Scandinavia. Around the time of the Silurian period, the two plates collided, bringing Scotland into
contact with England. The collision caused what we call the Caledonian orogeny? - what are now the
Scottish Highlands.
In the Devonian period of about 400 million years ago, the continuing rise of the Caledonian
orogeny caused the majority of Great Britain to be above sea level. Africa and South America then
collided with North America and Europe. Around 100 million years later, during what we call the
Carboniferous period, Great Britain was in the equatorial forest belt of Pangaea, the last supercontinent.
It was the vegetation from this forest that created the coal mined in Great Britain for centuries. Then,
around 200 million years ago, Britain migrated to the northern desert belt, which explains why sandstone
is so prevalent in the bedrock of Great Britain.
During the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, between 190 and 65 million years ago, Pangaea
broke apart and, due to rifting, Great Britain was flooded by the newly created Atlantic Ocean.
Evidence of this can be found in the chalk under the soil, mainly in southern England. The chalk is
made up of trillions of tiny sea creatures that died and formed a sediment at the bottom of the sea. After
sea levels fell and rose several times, the continents we know today were established and the island of
Great Britain was more or less where it is now.
Except that it was not an island. Throughout all of this movement, it was part of a larger
continent. It was as recently as about 9,000 years ago that it became an island, when the end of the last
ice age made sea levels rise yet again to create the English Channel and cut Great Britain off from
continental Europe. The highlands and lowlands, the chalk cliffs, the layers of sandstone, the seams of
salt, the precious metals, and the fossil fuels; all of these provide clues to the many, many changes that
Great Britain went through in geological history.
Questions 1-5
Complete each sentence with the correct ending A-I below.
1. Currently, the island of Great Britain
2. The supercontinent of Rodinia
3. The Scottish Highlands mountain range
4. The coal under the ground in Great Britain
5. Apart from fossil fuels, the land under Great Britain
A. broke apart and later re-formed as Pannotia.
B. caused a rise in sea levels.
C. dates back to a time when it was in an equatorial forest.
D. led to the cooling of the Earth.
E. contains salt, sandstone and chalk.
F. is surrounded by several thousand smaller islands.
G. used to be named Pangaea.
H. was caused by flooding and rifting.
I. is the result of two land masses colliding.
Questions 6-10
Complete the timeline below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each
answer.
Around 4.5 billion years ago: The Earth was formed, remaining in a molten form with a constantly
changing surface due to frequent impacts and 6. ______________________.
The Earth's crust was formed due to the cooling of the planet.
Oceans were formed when water from the atmosphere 7. ______________________.
The first continents were formed when molten material solidified.
Around 500 million years ago:

8. ______________________ were united at the time when the Scottish Highlands were formed.

Great Britain was in a(n) 9. ______________________.

The presence of sandstone today reveals that Britain was in the northern desert belt.
Around 100 million years ago: The chalk in Britain today comes from a build-up of dead sea creatures
from the time when the area was 10. ______________________ after the Atlantic Ocean was formed.

Part 1. The table below shows information about age, average income per person and population below poverty
line in three states in the USA. (15 points)
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.
California Utal Florida
Aged under 18 17% 28% 16%
Aged over 60 13% 8% 23%
Average income per person 23,000 17,000 22,000
($)
Population below poverty 16% 9% 12%
line
Part 2. Write an essay of about 250 words to express your opinion on the following topic. (35 points)
Some people think that the main purpose of school is to turn children into good citizens and workers, rather than
benefit them as individuals.
SAMPLE TEST 7
Part 1. You will hear a woman from a job agency giving information to a man about work in a restaurant. For
questions 1-5, complete the form below by writing NO MORE THAN ONE WORD OR A NUMBER for each
answer. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided on the answer sheet. (10 points)
WORKING AT MILO’S RESTAURANTS

Benefits
• (1) _________ provided for all staff
• (2) _________ during weekdays at all Milo’s Restaurants
• (3) _________ provided after midnight
Personal specification
• Must be prepared to work well in a team
• Must care about maintaining a high standard of (4) _________
• Must have a qualification in (5) _________
Part 2. You will hear a recording a nutritionist called Penny Flack talking about the effects of health and diet
in some countries around the world. For questions 6-10, decide whether the following statements are true (T) or
false (F). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided on the answer sheet. (10 points)
EATING FOR HEALTH
6. A quarter of Europeans and Americans are now said to be obese.
7. American politicians have been discussing how to tackle the causes and consequences of obesity.
8. High-fat cheese and meat is causing the French to become obese.
9. Heart disease is becoming more common in Japan and Greenland.
10. Scientists have discovered that a number of spices used in Indian cooking can improve brain health.
Part 3: You will hear part of an interview with two graphic designers called Anita Dickinson and Joe Connolly
in which they talk about going freelance. For questions 11-15, choose the answers which fit best according to
what you hear. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided on the answer sheet. (10
points)
11. Anita admits feeling unsure about leaving her job with a big company because
A. she lacked sufficient experience in her field.
B. she was concerned about her financial prospects.
C. she doubted her ability to work for herself.
D. she was anxious about the opinion of her colleagues.
12. What does Joe say about when he first started working freelance?
A. It was more complicated than he'd expected.
B. He resented having less free time than before.
C. It was necessary to have the right attitude to work.
D. He found it easy to find clients through his website.
13. Joe confesses that having to work at home on his own is
A. a relief after working in a busy office.
B. a cause of loneliness for him at times.
C. something that he avoids as much as possible.
D. something that he thought he would dislike.
14. Anita and Joe agree that keeping up to date with trends is
A. less important than being a specialist in one area.
B. difficult when balanced against other demands on time.
C. one of the most enjoyable sides of their work.
D. not as challenging as they'd expected it to be.
15. What does Joe think is the reason for his success as a freelancer?
A. He has effective negotiating skills.
B. He makes sure he has good relations with clients.
C. He gets plenty of personal recommendations.
D. He offers his services at the right price.
Part 4. You will listen to a recording about building Panama Canal. For questions 16-25, complete the
summary by writing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS in each gap. Write your answers in the corresponding
numbered boxes provided on the answer sheet. (20 points)
Although the construction of the Panama Railroad significantly shortened to the trip from
America's west coast to East, there was an urgent need to build canal through the (16) .......................
(48 km).
The first attempt to carry out this (17) .......................was under the leadership of French diplomat
Ferdinand de Lesseps in 1881. Lesseps’s recent triumph building the Suez Canal made him overconfident
and he insisted on building a sea-level canal across Panama. Futile excavation efforts were buried under
constant landslides, (18) ......................., (19) ......................., and tropical diseases took the lives of
thousands of workers and the French abandoned the project.
Despite having considered building a canal through Nicaragua, sensing the opportunity, President Teddy
Roosevelt went straight to the Panamanians to have negotiations. With (20).......................from the U.S.,
Panama launched a coup in 1903, won independence and (21).......................to begin construction of the
canal. In order to avoid their predecessor's mistakes, the U.S. would raise the sea up the mountain instead
of cutting the mountain down to sea level, by building (22) .......................which separated the canal into
(23) ....................... with different water levels. When a ship entered, each (24) .......................would
open, lowering the water level in the next chamber, while raising the ship and allowing it to move on.
Panama was a lock-type canal with three on the Atlantic side and two on the Pacific, raising traversing
ships 26 meters above sea level. A massive (25) .......................would be required to operate this lock
system. With this innovative plan, the Americans didn't need to excavate the entire mountain. Though,
over 5,000 workers died because of accidents and diseases.
SECTION B: LEXICO- GRAMMAR (40 points)

Part 1. For questions 26-45, choose the best option A, B, C, or D to complete the following sentences and write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided on the answer sheet. (20 points)
26. The new school complex cost ___________ the city council had budgeted for.
A. almost twice as much as B. twice more by far than
C. just twice as much as D. twice much more than
27. Both of the jobs I've been are fantastic opportunities - I'm in such ___________ !
A. an array B. a quandary C. a grudge D. a dwelling
28. All the candidates were good, but Emma had the ___________ over the others.
A. point B. cut C. blade D. edge
29. I'm ___________ to my boss and no one else.
A. privileged B. accountable C. controlled D. dependable
30. The board proposes that the majority of this year's profits ___________ in new product
development.
A. to be invested B. invest C. will be invested D. be invested
31. It is a hard and _____ rule that to have a successful career in this industry requires great dedication.
A. rapid B. speedy C. swift D. fast
32. I feel _____ to inform the committee that a number of members are very unhappy with the decision.
A. my duty B. it my duty C. this my duty D. that my duty
33. Imagine the Internet ___________ created. Our lives would be so different, don't you think?
A. wasn't B. to not have been C. not to be D. hadn't been
34. - "It's strange Patt never learned to swim, isn't it?".
- " ___________ she grew up by the sea, it's incomprehensible."
A. On account of B. Given that C. In a sense D. Even if
35. The publicist claims that ___________ of the CD have already been sold.
A. some 30.000 copies B. many the 30.000 copies
C. a few of 30.000 copies D. a lot of 30.000 copies
36. Sharon is such a positive person. She ___________ her problems whatever they are.
A. tightens the screws on B. takes a large bite of
C. makes light of D. eats into
37. We looked in every ___________ and cranny for the missing ring, but we couldn't find it anywhere.
A. hole B. gap C. niche D. nook
38. The cake recipe says to add as much milk as necessary to the mixture to reach the right ____.
A. compatibility B. consumption C. consistency D. conversion
39. The football stadium was illuminated by ___________.
A. floodlights B. flashlights C. searchlights D. spotlights
40. It was ___________ a victory that even Smith's fans couldn't believe it.
A. such surprising B. surprising enough C. so surprising D. too surprising
41. The noise of the traffic ___________ the child's cries.
A. covered B. deadened C. suppressed D. drowned
42. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were ________ after weeks of intense negotiations.
A. rebuilt B. restored C. repositioned D. replaced
43. ___________ , watching every our move.
A. A tall man at the back of the room stood B. Stood a tall man at the back of the room
C. Stood at the back of the room a tall man D. At the back of the room stood a tall man
44. I found the training exhausting as the coach always pushed us to the ___________.
A. limit B. restriction C. border D. frontier
45. Just look at the way he goes round giving people orders. He's getting a bit too big for his ___________
if he asks me.
A. trousers B. brains C. braces D. boots
Part 2. For questions 46-55, fill each gap with the correct form of the words in brackets. Write your answer in
the boxes provided on the answer sheet. (10 points)
46. The main reason I believe children shouldn’t be exposed to violence in TV is that they’re so _________
at that age. IMPRESS
47. I’m a bit of a ___________, so I can spend all day agonizing over which choice of two words to use.
PERFECT
48. There’s a ___________ difference between photography and still-life drawing. QUALITY
49. I used to think I could change the world, but then _________ set in when I reached my early thirties.
ILLUSION
50. Do you really think your plans are going to come to ___________? FRUIT
51. When confronted with a mass of red tape, many people feel a sense of __________. POWER
52. I really believe that it would be a major mistake to ___________ any drugs that are currently illegal.
CRIME
53. The Pet Shop Boys’ sound is ___________ and unique. IMITATE
54. Now the government’s _________ the papers, we can find out what really happened. CLASS
55. I know it’s a bit annoying but there’s no need to ___________ to such an extent. ACT
Part 3. For questions 56-65, complete each of the following sentences with suitable preposition(s). Write your
answer in the boxes provided on the answer sheet. (10 points)
56. These carrots have shrivelled ___________ a bit so I think I’ll throw them out.
57. I don’t know how I’m going to summon ___________ the courage to tell Dad.
58. I’m sure how the accident came ___________ but I suspect someone was being careless.
59. He put the car ___________ gear and drove off.
60. I’ve met Nicole Kidman ___________ the flesh. I even shook her hand.
61. The unforeseen expense on the new house ate ___________ my savings, but it was worth it.
62. She drew the lecture ___________ to nearly three hours although it was only supposed to last an
hour.
63. I wish you wouldn’t fly ___________ me like that every time I make a mistake.
64. She had her heart _________ her mouth all the time the firemen were trying to rescue her child from
the building.
65. After the flood, hundreds of volunteers came ___________ with offers of assistance.
Part 1. For questions 66-75, read the following passage and decide which option (A, B, C, or D) best fits each
gap. Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes on the answer sheet. (15 points)
Those who opt for a vegetarian diet must usually weigh up a variety of aspects concerning the
nutritional (66) ___________ of vegetables and the adequacy of vegetarian meals in terms of the number
of (67) ___________ provided to the body. Vegetarianism is not a new concept, rather an ancient custom
which evolved in the Far East cultures on ethical or religious grounds.
In today's world, it has been undertaken by many followers who for a variety of reasons believe
the vegetarian diet more preferable to that containing meat. For example, there's the theory that animal
meat wasn't originally a component of the staple human diet as mankind evolved from foragers who later
(68) ___________ a taste for flesh. Hence, our (69)___________ ancestors are alleged to have had a
substantial (70) _______________ __ of proteins and vitamins from natural vegetation rather than from
the meat of hunted game. What's more, human teeth don't (71) ___________ much resemblance to those
of animal carnivores, and neither is our digestive system (72) ___________ to the meat eaters’ one.
Apart from the enforced vegetarianism of underdeveloped communities where populations
deprived of animal protein (73) ___________ the natural vegetation, there's a rising acceptance of the
vegetarian diet which ceases to be regarded as an eccentricity. (74) ___________ from animal food, be it
for religious, economic or humanitarian reasons, has been a quickly spreading custom as, surprisingly,
the vegetarian diet needn’t be dull or deficient. Yet, it does involve taking good (75) ___________ to
supply the body with a sufficient quantity of nutrients derived from corn, seeds and cereals.
66. A. profit B. rate C. value D. esteem
67. A. nutrients B. foods C. cuisines D. condiments
68. A. generated B. acquired C. instituted D. accustomed
69. A. primeval B. antiquated C. archaic D. obsolete
70. A. output B. offset C. upturn D. intake
71. A. infer B. assume C. bear D. pertain
72. A. equivalent B. reminiscent C. evocative D. synonymous
73. A. play down on B. come in for C. fall back on D. get on for
74. A. Resistance B. Defiance C. Hindrance D. Abstention
75. A. precautions B. resolutions C. proceeds D. measurements
Part 2. For questions 76-85, fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word and write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes on the answer sheet. (15 points)
ALTERNATIVE FAST FOOD
It is generally agreed upon that fast food is a great solution to the problem of what to eat. However,
it is (76) ___________ as less nutritional than a healthy meal, which is what growing children need. For
years, nutritionists have been trying to get children into the (77)___________ of eating healthy food.
Without a doubt, this has not been easy, getting in (78) ___________ that they have to compete with
numerous fast food restaurants which are very popular with young people.
Nutritionists have lately come up with an idea which could (79) ___________ to be successful.
This involves (80) ___________ children how to cook and in the process to enjoy the taste of fresh food.
In the long (81) ___________, this may keep them off fast food. There are already a number of school
projects throughout Britain that are experimenting with the idea. They begin making vegetarian pizza -
both the dough and the topping. Many children were impressed with their own home-made pizzas. (82)
___________ they compared their pizzas with ready-made ones, the differences were noticeable. They
found the (83) ___________ greasy and not as delicious as the homemade ones. Throughout the lesson,
the children learn about the quality and become skillful in the different techniques involved in cooking.
They become interested in cooking and in no (84) ___________ they even learn how to look after
themselves by eating nutritious food.
Finally, nutritionists would like to get children cooking at home, too. It may be messy, but, it's
also an (85) ___________ for parents to spend quality time with their children.
Part 3. For questions 86-95, read the following passage and circle the best answer to each of the following
questions. Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes provided on the answer sheet. (15 points)
At home with books
In an age when literature is increasingly going digital, books hold a curious role in some people’s
homes. There are few purchases which, once used, are placed on proud display and carted around as
families move from place to place. And yet that’s precisely what sometimes happens with books, despite
the existence of a digital equivalent. After all, both the music industry and other aspects of the print media
have felt the heat of virtual competition – why not books? Part of the explanation for this may lie in the
fact that, when it comes to the crunch, nosing around someone’s bookshelves is interesting. ‘You can tell
a lot about someone by their collection of books,’ says Doug Jeffers, owner of a London bookstore.
It’s not just the quantity of titles on display, however, that speaks volumes; generation, occupation,
political leanings, leisure pursuits (even where they go on holiday) – clues to all of these abound, if you
care to analyse the contents of someone’s bookshelves, and even casual visitors aren’t slow to form
judgements. Evidence of this manifested itself when the President of the USA made an informal call on
the English Prime minister at home recently, and for some reason the pair posed for photos in the kitchen.
One of the snapshots was subsequently released to the press, and widely published. There then ensued
much speculation as to how the complete works of Shakespeare had ended up on the shelf in the
background rather than a cookery book.
Household stylist Abigail Hall agrees. ‘I often style houses for sale and you’d be amazed how
important the contents of the bookcase can be.’ Apparently, people use such clues to form judgements
about the type of person who lives in a property that’s up for sale, and this may affect how they feel about
going ahead with the purchase. Perhaps we all seek out others whose tastes in such matters match our
own, and we can imagine living happily in a space that like-minded people have made homely. And even
if we’re not thinking of putting our home on the market, instinct tells us that however much they were
enjoyed, paperbacks read on the beach might be better put away in a cupboard, whilst the unopened
classics are destined for display.
For the interior designer, however, the art of reputation-management-via-bookshelf is not the only
issue. Books can also become an interactive display tool. ‘They can almost be sculptural in that they offer
a physical presence,’ explains Abigail Hall. ‘It’s not just about stacking them on a bookcase, it’s how you
stack them. I’ve seen books arranged by colour, stacked on top of each other. Once I saw a load of coffee-
table books piled up to become a coffee table in themselves. Books define a space, if you have some books
and a comfy chair, you’ve immediately created an area.’ It’s a trick of which countless hotels, cafés and
waiting rooms for fee-paying clients are only too aware. Placing a few carefully-chosen books atop coffee
tables is about creating an ambiance. No one actually engages with the content.
And this principle can be transferred to the home ‘I’ve not actually read any of them. I just love
the bindings.’ So said the actress, Davinia Taylor, earlier this year when she decided to put her house on
the market – complete with its carefully-sourced collection of classic books. Rarely removed from their
perch on a bookcase in the living room, their primary purpose was to disguise Taylor’s walk-in fridge.
And so, with the fridge no longer destined to be a feature in her life, the books were deemed redundant.
Perhaps, then, the future of books lies in this. With more and more being bought in the undeniably
handier digital format, the first casualties of the tangible variety are likely to be the beach-read paperbacks
– the ones that, if you invite Abigail Hall around, would be relegated to the garage anyway. But given the
uses to which we put our other tomes – whether they’re deployed to show off, look pretty, or create an
atmosphere – the odds of them hanging around look good. The kudos of great work is still there, and
there’s nothing like being, and being seen to be, in possession of the real thing.
86. What is the writer’s main aim in the first paragraph?
A. seeking to account for a seemingly illogical perspective.
B. questioning our assumptions about people’s behaviour.
C. drawing our attention to an ongoing process.
D. outlining the reasons for shifts in priorities.
87. It can be implied from the passage that:
A. The appeal of non-digital books is a sound answer to the important roles of them.
B. The number of books displayed on the shelves is a manifestation of the casualness of their owner.
C. A person’s characteristics may be well reflected in the non-digital books he has.
D. What is written in the books one possesses may unveil hidden depths of them.
88. The example of what happened after the release of a photo featuring two political figures serves to
illustrate:
A. the revealing quality of photoshoots
B. people’s curiosity about private lives of politicians
C. the attractiveness of unusual features in a photo
D. books’ faculty for grabbing people’s attention
89. Described in the passage is a tendency for people to:
A. forge a relationship with people having the same tastes.
B. reach their own conclusions based on a person’s bookshelf
C. showcase their wealth by displaying unused classic books.
D. take an interest in reading books with paper cover.
90. As can be deduced from the passage, in hotels or cafés, considerable importance is attached to:
A. incentivizing visitors to read books on the shelf.
B. establishing an atmosphere with the aid of well-placed books.
C. charging customers a considerable sum of money for using books.
D. piling books according to categorization of their colours.
91. The phrase “this principle” most probably refers to:
A. the use of books to create a climate without paying much heed to the content of those on show
B. the arrangement of books in order of content to impress visitors right from their arrival at a place
C. the tricks used to magnetize visitors which are usually adopted by hotels and cafés
D. the interactivity of books which can be of assistance to the formation of an ambiance within a
house
92. What can be said about books in the case of Davinia Taylor?
A. They were not regarded as reflections of her taste in reading.
B. Their titles were inappropriately selected for display.
C. Their presence was indispensable to the house she intends to sell.
D. They fell into disuse as there was no longer a need for another item.
93. Given the current situation, the writer suggests that:
A. paperbacks are definitely the most vulnerable to redundancy.
B. technology has raised the number of books purchased.
C. there remains a likelihood that non-digital books are put on display.
D. owning a tangible item is a tantalising thing.
94. In the passage as a whole, the writer’s primary aim is most probably to:
A. elucidate the arguments in favour of non-digital books.
B. foreshadow the decline of paperbacks.
C. express a sanguine view regarding the future of non-digital books.
D. avert any attempts by other people to defame books.
95. Which of the following adjectives best describe a characteristic of this passage?
A. well-supported B. well-rounded C. well-appointed D. well-turned
Part 4. For questions 96-105, read the passage and do the following tasks. Write your answers in the
The Hollywood Film Industry
A. This chapter examine the ‘Golden Age' or the Hollywood film studio system and explores how
a particular kind of filmmaking developed during this period in US film history. It also focuses on the
two key elements which influenced the emergence of the classic Hollywood studio system: the advent of
sound and the business idea of vertical integration. In addition to its historical interest, inspecting the
growth of the studio system may offer clues regarding the kinds of struggles that accompany the growth
of any new medium. It might, in fact, be intriguing to examine which changes occurred during the growth
of the Hollywood studio, and compare those changes to contemporary struggles in which production
companies are trying to define and control emerging industries, such as online film and interactive
television.
B. The shift of the industry away from 'silent’ films began during the late 1920s. Warner Bros’
1927 film- The Jazz Singer was the first to feature synchronized speech, and with it came a period of
turmoil for the industry. Studios now had proof that 'talkie' films would make them money, but the
financial investment this kind of filmmaking would require, from new camera equipment to new
projection facilities, made the studios hesitant to invest at first. In the end, the power of cinematic sound
to both move audiences and enhance the story persuaded studios that talkies were worth investing in.
Overall, the use of sound in film was well-received by audiences, but there were still many technical
factors to consider, Although full integration of sound into movies was complete by 1930, it would take
somewhat longer for them to regain their stylistic elegance and dexterity. The camera now had to be
encased in a big, clumsy, unmovable soundproof box. In addition, actors struggled, having to direct their
speech to awkwardly-hidden microphones in huge plants, telephones or even costumes.
C. Vertical integration is the other key component in the rise of the Hollywood studio system. The
major studios realized they could increase their profits by handling each stage of a film's life: production
(making the film), distribution (getting the film out to people) and exhibition (owning the theaters in
major cities where films were shown first). Five studios, ‘The Big Five', worked to achieve vertical
integration through the late 1940s, owning vast real estate on which to construct elaborate sets. In
addition, these studios set the exact terms of films release dates and patterns. Warner Bros, Paramount,
20th Century Fox, MGM and RKO formed this exclusive club. ‘The Little Three' studios - Universal
Columbia and United Artists - also made pictures, but each lacked one of the crucial elements of vertical
integration. Together these eight companies operated as a mature oligopoly, essentially running the entire
market.
D. During the Golden Age, the studios were remarkably consistent and stable enterprises, due in
large part to long-term management heads - the infamous ‘movie moguls’ who ruled their kingdoms with
iron fists. At MGM, Warner Bros and Columbia, the same men ran their studios for decades. The rise of
the studio system also hinges on the treatment of stars, who were constructed and exploited to suit a
studio’s image and schedule. Actors were bound up in seven-year contracts to a single studio, and the
studio boss generally held all the options. Stars could be loaned out to other production companies at any
time. Studio bosses could also force bad rules on actors, and manipulate every single derail of stars’
images with their mammoth in-house publicity departments. Some have compared the Hollywood studio
system to a factory, and it is useful to remember that studios were out to make money first and art second.
E. On the other hand, studios also had to cultivate flexibility, in addition to characterizations of
individual studios, styles. MGM tended to put out a lot of all-star productions while Paramount excelled
in comedy and Warner Bros developed a reputation for gritty social realism. 20th Century Fox forged the
musical and a great deal of prestige biographies, while Universal specialized in classic horror movies.
F. In 1948, struggling independent movie producers and exhibitors finally triumphed in their battle
against the big studios’ monopolistic behavior. In the States versus Paramount federal decree of that year,
the studios were ordered to give up their theaters in what, is commonly referred to as ‘divestiture’-opening
the market, to smaller producers. This, coupled with the advent of television in the 1500s, seriously
compromised the studio systems influence and profits. Hence, 1930 and 1948 are generally considered
bookends to Hollywood’s Golden Age.
Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings bellows
List of Headings
i. The power within each studio
ii. The movie industry adapts to innovation
iii. Contrasts between cinema and other media of the time
iv. The value of studying Hollywood’s Golden Age
v. Distinguishing themselves from the rest of the market
vi. A double attack on film studios' power
vii. Gaining control of the industry
viii. The top movies of Hollywood's Golden Age.
96. Paragraph A________ 97. Paragraph B ________ 98. Paragraph C ________

99. Paragraph D ________ 100. Paragraph E ________
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? In the boxes from 101-103,
write:
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
NOT TRUE if the statement contradicts the information
101. After The Jazz Singer came out, other studios immediately began making movies with
synchronized sound.
102. There were intense competition between actors for contracts with the leading studios.
103. Studios had total control over how their actors were perceived by the public.
Complete the summary below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in the boxes
from 104-105.
THE HOLLYWOOD STUDIOS
Throughout its Golden Age, the Hollywood movie industry was controlled by a handful of studios.
Using a system known as (104)______the biggest studios not only made movies, but handled their
distribution and then finally showed them in their own theaters. These studios were often run by
autocratic bosses - men known as (105)______who often remained at the end of organizations for
decades. However, the domination of the industry by the leading studios came to an end in 1948, when
they were forced to open the market to smaller producers - a process known as divestiture.

Part 1: Chart description (20 points)
The pie charts below show the devices people in the 18 to 25 age group use to watch television in Canada in two
different years.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant. Write at least 150 words.
Part 2: Essay writing (30 points)

“Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions.”
Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair”.
Discuss both these views and give your opinion. Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant
examples from your own knowledge or experience.”
Write 250 -300 words.
SAMPLE TEST 8
Part 1. For questions 1-5, listen to Elena talking about her experience with the driving test and decide
whether these statements are True (T), False (F), or Not Given (NG). Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided. (10pts)
1. Elena learned to drive out of necessity.
2. Elena eventually spent more time on practical lessons than on theoretical ones.
3. Elena had little problem with the theory test.
4. Elena says having two examiners makes test takers nervous.
5. The interviewer thinks not being allowed to complete the test is unfair.
Part 2: For questions 1-5, listen to a report on how China successfully landed its rover on Mars and
answer the questions. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each
answer in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (10pts)
1. What challenge did the rover encounter before its touchdown on the Martian surface?
2. Besides parachute and rockets, what was used as a combination to carry out the mission to Mars?
3. What was Jurong?
4. In which field does this outstanding achievement consolidate the leading position of China?
5. What was the name of the U.S. rover which made a successful landing on Mars in February?
Part 3: For questions 1-5, listen to two people Georgina and Jack, talking about a business which
their friend Amelia runs and choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you
hear.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (10pts)
1. Jack is of the opinion that __________.
A. Amelia should reconsider her decision of closing down her café.
B. Amelia needs to refocus her efforts to improve her profits.
C. Amelia should feel sorry for all the efforts she poured into her business.
D. Like Amelia, many café startups have struggled to make a profit.
2. Georgina thinks that __________.
A. Amelia is right to feel she has too much local competition.
B. Spending time in a café shop has recently become a luxury.
C. Amelia should copy the business strategy of a restaurant in Melbourne Street.
D. A competitive market necessitates a more confident attitude.
3. Georgina and Jack agree that __________.
A. Advice is best sought from experienced business people.
B. Amelia's taste on decor is too old-fashioned to attract any customers.
C. Amelia should update some aspects of her business.
D. Customers may be unable to pinpoint problems with Amelia's café decor.
4. Jack finds the irregularity in Amelia's turnover __________.
A. understandable B. exemplary C. unexpected D. perplexing
5. In discussing Amelia's attitude towards the status quo, Jack points out that __________.
A. Amelia finds her current situation enjoyable.
B. Amelia's personality is different from that of most people.
C. Amelia lacks the motivation to turn her business into a commercial success.
D. Amelia is able to cope with the current challenge her business presents.
Part 4. For questions 1-10, listen to a report on new medical findings and supply the blanks with the
missing information. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each
answer in the space provided. (20pts)
Preliminary findings from the UK showed that dexamethasone, a
1. , could be lifesaving for COVID-19 patients on ventilators.
Kirsten Lyke, who runs a coronavirus vaccine trial at the University of Maryland, believes that
there are certain issues that need to be 2. .
As the press release only gives the brief results, she is waiting for more in-depth information from
the 3. . Also, it needs seven years to ascertain the patients
get 4. as hasty release and unreliable intervention might
5. .
In general, Lyke is 6. about the outcome of the trial.
Doctors got into trouble with 7. such as hydroxychloroquine and
azithromycin, but Lyke believes this is not the case for dexamethasone, which doctors are familiar with.
People are becoming 8. guidelines on mandatory mask
wearing with the government’s inconsistent America's 9. is
an Achilles' Heel when it comes to saving lives in a pandemic. Lyke believes they need to
10. as a group to save each other.
B. LEXICO- GRAMMAR (40 pts)
Part 1 : Choose the best option A, B, C, or D to complete the following sentences and
write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (20 pts)
1. She _______ that one day she would be sharing a cell with the most famous bank robber in Britain.
A. thought little B. didn’t think much C. thought quite a little D. little thought
2. As _______ the deposit, I am sure he can get a refund.
A. for B. far as C. regarding D. concerning
3. The injured woman _______ a bicycle on the motorway in the first place.
A. shouldn’t have been riding B. mustn’t have ridden
C. can’t have been riding D. mustn’t have been riding
4. -Barman, another double whisky! - Sorry, sir. I think you ‘ve had _______ to drink already.
A. rather enough B. pretty much C. quite enough D. quite much
5. The export embargo on Japanese foods sent the price of soybean _______.
A. to soar B. soaring up C. to soar up D. soaring
6. It is possible to stay overnight here although there is no guest house ______.
A. at that B. as such C. such like D. in itself
7. The government has rightly been ______ its health policy.
A. taking to task B. taken to task for C. taking to the task of D. taken for the task of
8. The scheme offers employees an opportunity to move into these fast growing fields if they are good
enough, _______ their seniority.
A. no matter what B. whichever C. regardless of what D. irrespective
9. The trail _______ of late for easier access.
A. used to be widened B. has been widened C. was widened D. was being widened
10. Many states now intend to introduce a system __________ people can vote by telephone or online.
A. whereby B. wherewith C. wherein D. wherefrom
11. ________ , only people who agree with him are real Jews.
A. We can infer how he is concerned B. Inferred from what he is concerned
C. We can infer what he is concerned D. We can infer that as far as he is concerned
12. The hope of a raise was a powerful _________ for Helen to work harder.
A. incentive B. revival C. supplement D. excitement
13. There has been a slight improvement in her health, but he is not out of the ________ yet.
A. forests B. woods C. mountain D. cave
14. Smokers prefer not to know what is happening to their insides. For most of them, ignorance is ____.
A. ecstasy B. rapture C. bliss D. paradise
15. It is ______ possible to spend all of your life in this city.
A. purely B. perfectly C. starkly D. solidly
16. The world was _________ on the edge of nuclear catastrophe and cold wars were inevitable.
A. fluctuating B. oscillating C. stumbling D. Teetering
17. These days, schools no longer ____ girls away from STEM subjects thanks to the propagation of
gender equality.
A. direct B. drive C. steer D. guide
18. There is a very strong movement in my country now against _________ sports like hunting or shooting
even though they are parts of national traditions.
A. lethal B. death C. red D. blood
19. His talent meant he could create wondrous things, but his_ meant he hardly ever felt like working.
A. adversity B. lethargy C. ineptitude D. tactlessness
20. I couldn’t come to your party as the date __________ with my holiday.
A. clashed B. struck C. opposed D. occurred
Part 2: Give the correct form of each bracketed word in the following passage. Write your answers
in the corresponding numbered boxes. (10 pts)
1. Depending on a person’s cultural background, he or she might ________ hunting as an act of
violence or not. (CONCEPT)
2. Instead, throughout his term as minister, he rode in the vehicle used by his predecessor and continued
to live in a(n) ________ house. (PRETEND)
3. Given the sensitivity of the matter, her frankness during the meeting was absolutely_________.
(JUDGE)
4. Action movies with fighting scenes have become so popular that people are increasingly ________
to violence on TV. (SENSE)
5. The ________ of the book generally describes the author’s academic career and her gratitude for her
mother. (WORD)
6. She ran a hot bath and ________ in it for half an hour. (LUXURY)
7. An ________ person tries to make other people do what he or she wants in an unpleasant and forceful
way. (BEAR)
8. I remember Helen as a quiet, hard-working and ________ girl. (SPEAK)
9. ________ statements, feelings, opinionsetc are wrong because they are not based on facts. (FOUND)
10. Now aged 48, Layla is no longer considered a serious ________ for the title. (CONTENTION)
Part 3: Complete each sentence with one suitable particle or preposition. Write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (10 pts)
1. You don’t buy ________ all that New Age stuff, do you?
2. After a busy day, my husband and I both sat and nodded _______ in front of the TV.
3. It would be wise to play _____ your strength rather than draw attention to your weaknesses.
4. The doctor told him to keep ________ sweets and chocolate to lose weight.
5. Mark didn’t understand what Mr. Smith was getting _______ so he asked her to explain it again.
6. He laid ________ all his savings on that venture which fortunately succeeded.
7. Janet’s husband walked out ________ her and their three children.
8. No agreement was reached. The strikers decided to hold________ for a better deal
9. Don’t try to palm me ________ with your lies and excuses.
10. She was astonished that she was turned ________ for the counselor’s position.
C. READING (60 pts)

Part 1: Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to fill in each blank in the following passage.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (15 pts)
At the (0)_________ of the century, just before the United States entered World War I, German
Americans accounted (1)_________ about 10 percent of the population and their presence was
(2)_________ felt. They were very proud and they (3)_________ to their culture very strongly. “They still
spoke German everywhere," said Erik Kirschbaum, author of Burning Beethoven: The Eradication of
German Culture in the United States during World War I. “They wanted to preserve their culture and
keep it intact (4)_________ they could.". German immigrants (5)_________ to New York and Chicago,
and residents in numerous small Midwestern towns spoke German almost (6)_________. German-
language newspapers, theaters and churches flourished. In some of these areas, the German influence was
so (7)_________ that other non-German settlers (8)_________ up learning German so they could
communicate with fellow residents. Germans helped establish General Electric and designed New York’s
Brooklyn Bridge. They (9)_________ the beer industry and that influence (10)_________ in name brands
like Busch, Miller and Pabst.
0. A. go B. turn C. begin D. start
1. A. in B. by C. for D. at
2. A. keenly B. kindly C. sharply D. tightly
3. A. stuck B. clung C. attached D. gripped
4. A. as far as B. as strong as C. as much as D. as long as
5. A. swarm B. mustered C. flocked D. trooped
6. A. solely B. exclusively C. inclusively D. entirely
7. A. expansive B. extensive C. invasive D. pervasive
8. A. set B. took C. ended D. struck
9. A. dominated B. overwhelmed C. prevailed D. outclassed
10. A. prolonged B. lingered C. remained D. maintained
Part 2: Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in
each space. Write your answers in the space provided. (15 pts)
Few inventions have had more scorn and praise (1) upon them at the same time than
television. And few have done so much to unite the world (2) one vast audience for n e w s , sport,
information and entertainment. Television must be rated (3) printing as one of the most significant
inventions of all time in the field of communications. In just a few decades it has (4) _________virtually
every home in the developed world and an ever-increasing proportion of homes in developing countries.
It took over half a century from the first suggestion that television might be (5)_________before the first
flickering (6) _______ were produced in laboratories in Britain and America. In 1926 John Logie Baird’s
genius for publicity brought television to the (7) _________ of a British audience. It has since reached
such (8) _________of success and (9) ___________ on such a pivotal function that it is difficult to imagine
a world (10)_______of this groundbreaking invention.
Part 3: Read an extract from an article and answer the questions. Write your answers in
the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (15 pts)
A dancer’s lot
All across London, they emerge from underground stations and buses; bags slung over their
shoulders and taut stomachs beneath thick winter overcoats. Nobody recognises them, as they head for
freezing upstairs rooms in tatty gymnasiums or slink into backstage theatre doors, even though they
appear regularly in sold-out musicals and favorite television shows. They earn precious little, even those
who perform live with famous singers, and have no real prospects, doing what they’re doing, despite
having hustled and sweated themselves to the heights of one of Britain’s most demanding professions.
But still they go, every morning, to their grim upstairs rooms in gyms and their backstreet, backstage
doors, to dance.
Most have left behind worried parents in faraway towns and villages; made repeated promises to
look after themselves and taken trains, in their late teenage years, for London. There’s much to despise
about the city, where talent and a reptilian grade of resilience, although prerequisites, provide no
guarantee of success. Even auditions are becoming rare. Conscious of deadlines and financial constraints,
choreographers call in talent from the blessed pool of their own chosen. If you aren’t the right height,
don’t have the right face, hair or sartorial style, then don’t expect a look in. Although choreographers
occasionally seek out the beautiful, they’re mostly instructed to hunt the bland: those least likely to
outshine the stars. And, as many dancers will tell you, it’s getting to the point where mediocrity is
acceptable; there’ll be someone over there out of sync, someone over there who can’t hold her arm still.
And if they get a part, increasingly dancers are turning up for jobs where the choreographer just
stands there and works them endlessly, fingers clicking: ‘Again, again, again’ As one dancer, Melanie
Grace says, ‘You dance for the love and the passion, and keep your mouth shut because you don’t
want to get a reputation.’ It’s not always easy, though. You think the television shows provide changing
rooms for dancers? Even the big budget ones have them disrobing in a corner of the canteen – and the
pay’s lousy. But you have to ignore it, keep your head down. You’re in London now. You’re one of
many, one of nothing. The sooner you accept that, the better you’ll get on. Of the fleets of talented dancers
who try, only a quarter make it, the rest simply can’t process the ruthlessness – to dance in London is
hard on the soul.
Yet most of the dancers have agents, who you might think would negotiate a better fee or
conditions for their dancers, but no. You’ll never meet a dancer who thinks their agent deserves their
twenty percent cut of the fee. Mostly you’ll just get a text or email notifying you of an audition and a
single agent might have as many as two hundred dancers on their books. As Melanie says, ‘It’s catch-22,
because you won’t hear about the auditions without one.’ Here’s the job, take it or leave it, and if you
leave it, they’ll just hire someone straight out of college and pay them even less.
Oh, the annual churn of the colleges. The dancers hear it constantly, the sound of the machine in the
distance, its ceaselessly grinding gears that, with every coming year, push out hundreds of new dancers,
each one younger and hunger and less jaded than you. And with every release of fresh limbs into the stew
of the city, things get harder. The worst thing the kids can do is accept a job for no pay. They do it all the
time. One website has become notorious for television and pop-video production companies scrounging
for trained people to work for nothing but ‘exposure’ And if the youngsters are fresh out of dance school,
despairing of their blank CV and craving the love of those ranks of sparkle- eyed strangers, they’ll leap at
the chance. It’s the reason things are getting harder. How to describe the London dance scene today? The
word Melanie chooses is ‘savage’.
1. Which of the following adjectives best describe the profession of dancing?
A.taxing but rewarding
B. exacting and thankless
C. soul-destroying and gut-wrenching
D. unmistakable and strenuous
2. In delineating the job of dancing, the writer:
A. compares their gains with the efforts dancers have to make
A. belabors the point that dancers suffer in the name of ‘noted artists’
B. juxtaposes the lives of dancers with those of well-known singers
C. elucidates the avenues open to dancers regarding their positions within the industry
3. According to the passage, which of the following is true about dancers?
A.The majority of them hail from deprived backgrounds.
B. Fulfilling the requirements is not a bulwark against abortive attempts for them.
C. Usually, those who are nice-looking are given preference during recruitments.
D. They are expected to meet higher standards by choreographers.
4. It can be implied from the passage that:
A. Auditions are becoming less popular as a result of worries about stars being overwhelmed.
B.The dancers who stand out from the crowd have a high chance of being recruited.
C. Financial burden inhibits choreographers to employ talents from their chosen ones.
D.A lower level of quality may soon be allowed within the industry of dancing.
5. The statement: “‘You dance for the love and the passion, and keep your mouth shut because you
don’t want to get a reputation.’” best underscores:
A. the importance of remaining unrecognizable
B. the passion required in the profession
C. the need to be obedient.
D. the destructive power of silence
6. From the passage, we can deduce that it is advisable for dancers to:
A.accept the harsh realities and get the hang of surviving in the industry
B. abandon their expectations and never overlook the demerits of the job
C. be self-esteemed and bring the dismal side to light
D. insist that they have a specifically designated space to change clothes
7. It is suggested in the passage that agents:
A. are willing to pay high prices to their dancers.
B. devote their time and energy to several dancers at a time.
C. are indispensable from their dancers’ perspectives.
D. are unconcerned whether dancers accept twenty percent cut of the fee.
8. The author makes use of the sound of the machine in order to underline:
A. the attitudes of training institutions towards post-graduate dancers.
B. the constant and abundant supply of new talent.
C. the hostility of seniors within the profession of dancing.
D. the exploitation of young talents for the sake of financial gains.
9. A reason given for the increasingly harder industry of dancing is that:
A. Trained dancers are harnessed by online platforms to work without any gains but experience in
the profession.
B. Chances, although unrewarding, are seized by graduates who are blissfully ignorant of the harsh
realities involved in the profession of dancing.
C. Recent graduates are eager to grab any opportunity offered to them, regardless of how beneficial
the chance is.
D. Inexperience and a craving for attention drive college graduates to join the ranks of sparkle-eyed
strangers.
10. In what sense can the word ‘savage’, used by Melanie to describe the London dance scene today, be
understood?
A. involving fierce criticism B. aggressive and violent
C. mind-boggling and mysterious D. destructive and competitive
Part 4: Read the passage and do the tasks that follow. (15 pts)
The way in which children learn is an ever-growing area of study. It is obvious that children differ
from adult learners in many ways, but what is interesting is that there are also quite a number of surprising
commonalities across all learners of all ages. A study of young children fulfils two purposes: it helps to
highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the learners who populate a nation’s schools, and it offers a
window into the development of learning that cannot be seen if one considers only well-established
learning patterns and expertise.
When an observer studies the development of children over time, a dynamic picture of learning
unfolds. An understanding of infant thinking mental processes or cognition and how young children from
2 to 5 years old add information to their knowledge ‘data base’ helps child psychologists to better equip
students for their transition into formal school settings.
For much of the 20th century, most psychologists accepted the traditional thesis that a newborn's
mind is a tabula rasa or blank slate upon which the record of experience is gradually impressed. It was
further thought that verbal communication was a prerequisite for abstract thought and so, in its absence,
a baby could not have comprehension. Since babies are born with a limited range of behaviours and spend
most of their early months asleep, they certainly appear passive and unknowing. Therefore, it was
commonly thought that infants lack the ability to form complex ideas. Until recently, there was no
obvious way for them to demonstrate anything to the contrary to researchers.
In time however, challenges to this view arose. It became clear that with carefully designed scientific
procedures, psychologists could find ways to pose rather complex questions about how much infants and
young children know and what they are capable of doing. Psychologists began to employ new
methodologies and began to gather a substantial amount of data about the remarkable abilities that young
children possess. Their research stood in great contrast to the older emphases which focused almost
entirely on what children lacked. The mind of young children came to life through this research, it became
clear that very young children are both competent and active when it comes to their conceptual
development.
A major move away from the earlier tabula rasa view of the infant mind was taken by the Swiss
psychologist Jean Piaget. Beginning in the 1920s, Piaget argued that the young human mind could best
be described in terms of complex cognitive or ‘thinking’ structures. From close observations of infants
and careful questioning of children, he concluded that the development of the mind proceeds through
certain stages, each involving radically different thinking processes. Piaget observed that infants actually
seek stimulation from their surroundings thus promoting their intellectual development. He showed that
their initial representations of such things as space and time as well as awareness of objects and self are
constructed only gradually during the first 2 years. He concluded that understanding in young infants is
built up through the gradual coordination of sight, sound and touch.
After Piaget, perceptual learning theorists studied how newborns begin to integrate sight and
sound and explore their surroundings. They saw that learning in infants proceeded rapidly when they
were given the opportunity to explore the objects and events they encountered. Theories were developed
which attempted to describe how the brain processes information. It was around this time that the
metaphor of the mind as computer came into wide usage.
In order to study what babies know and can learn about readily, researchers needed to develop techniques
of ‘asking’ infants what they know. Because infants are so limited physically and verbally, experimenters
interested in finding out how babies think had to find methods suitable to an infant's motor capabilities.
New ways were developed for measuring what infants prefer to look at and detecting changes in events
to which they are sensitive. Three such methods that were used were sucking, habituation, and visual
expectation.
Although theories put forward during this time differed in many ways, they shared an emphasis
on considering children as active learners, those who actually assemble and organise information.
Therefore, primarily cognitive development involves the acquisition of organised knowledge such as, an
early understanding of basic physics, some biological concepts and early number sense. In addition,
cognitive development involves gradually learning strategies for solving problems, understanding and
remembering.
The active role of learners was also emphasized by Vygotsky, who focused on the role of social
support in learning. According to Vygotsky, all cognitive skills and patterns of thinking are not primarily
determined by the skills people are born with; they are the products of the activities practiced in the social
environment in which the individual grows up. From Vygotsky's research into the role of the social
environment in the development of thinking came what he called a zone of proximal development.
This zone which refers to tasks learners can do with the assistance of others, had a big impact
upon developmental psychology. This line of work has drawn attention to the roles of parents, and
teachers in challenging and extending children’s efforts to understand. It has also contributed to an
understanding of the relationship between formal and informal teaching as well as learning situations and
cognition.
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage?
Write TRUE, if the statement agrees with the information.
FALSE, if the statement contradicts the information.
NOT GIVEN, if there is no information on this.
1. Obviously, the children’s learning process is totally different from that of adults.
2. 20th-century psychologists thought infants were unintelligent because they were usually asleep.
3. The early research into child capabilities focused on what children lacked.
4. In the first 2 years, children can gradually recognize objects.
5. The active learners are more likely to contribute to society.
USE NO MORE THAN two words for each answer.

6. 20th-century psychologists thought that _________ was necessary for infants to show advanced
comprehension.
7. In the passage, the infant’s mind is likened to blank slate and __________.
8. The research about the mind of young children proves their competence in _________.
9. Three ways scientists measured infant preference were sucking, habituation and _________.
10. Vygotsky believed that individual’s _________ is the key to learning.
D. WRITING (50 pts)

Part 1: The tables below show consumers' average Income and spending and changes in expenses by age groups
in the country of Fantasia in 2016.
Describe the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons whore
relevant. You should write about 150 words.
Average Income and Spending by Age Groups
Age Income Spending
31-40 $36,321 $39,752
41-50 $41,585 $38,667
51-60 $50,846 $41,891
61-70 $35,850 $40,745
Changes in Expenses by Age Group

Age Accommodation Transportation Health Care Food, Entertainment
& Other
31-40 34.1% 28.5% 10.6% 26.8%
41-50 30.4% 30.6% 14.4% 24.6%
51-60 25.3% 29.2% 23.8% 21.7%
61-70 21.3% 24.6% 35.8% 18.3%
Part 2: Write an essay of 250 words on the following topic. (30 pts)
Some scientists believe that in the future computers will be more intelligent than human beings. While some see
this as a positive development others worry about the negative consequences.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
SAMPLE TEST 9
Part 1. Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD for each answer. Write your answers in the corresponding
numbered boxes provided. (10 points)
Easy Life Cleaning Services
Basic cleaning package offered
• Cleaning all surfaces
• Cleaning the (1) __________________ throughout the apartment
• Cleaning shower, sinks, toilets etc.
Additional services agreed
• Every week
- Cleaning the (2) __________________
- Ironing clothes – (3) __________________ only
• Every month
- Cleaning all the (4) __________________ from the inside
- Washing down the (5) __________________
Part 2. Listen to the recording and decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F). Write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (10 points)
1. Most plastic is made from oil, which is a finite resource.
2. Turng's research focuses on making plastic from recycled materials rather than corn and soybeans.
3. According to Turng, special composting facilities can currently diminish plastic waste by decomposing
it.
4. The first plant-based plastics were created over 100 years ago.
5. Turng is working on bioplastics that are stronger and easier to mold than petroleum-based plastics.
Part 3. You will hear an interview in which two professional set designers share their experience of working in
the theatre. Choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear. Write your answers in
the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (10 points)
1. Neil first decided to become a set designer when ______.
A. the first time he went to the theater with his parents
B. at his drama course at university
C. he was asked to help out on a student production
D. he gave up on his childhood dream of becoming an actor
2. What does Neil say about working as an assistant set designer?
A. He did it because he was in need on money.
B. He believed it would help him find new professional connections.
C. He was too young to take full advantage of it at first.
D. He appreciated the opportunity to get some practical experience.
3. Vivienne believes that when you start working on a new production, the most important aspect is ____.
A. establishing a working relationship with the director
B. agreeing on how much you want to change the scenery
C. having genuine interest in the play
D. trying some sketches beforehand
4. Why does Vivienne prefer simultaneous work on several productions?
A. She finds that it stimulates her creativity.
B. She believes that it makes more sense financially.
C. It means she doesn’t have to be on all opening nights.
D. It helps her get her mind off problems in other productions.
5. Vivienne doesn’t share Neil’s opinion that reviews are ______.
A. something set designers shouldn’t be too much worried about
B. can be unreasonably critical or biased towards a designer’s set
C. annoying whenever the set isn’t mentioned in it
D. flattering when the set is specifically mentioned
Part 4. Listen to part of a radio program about a device that helps ease depression and complete the following
summary. Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD taken from the recording for each blank. Write your answers
in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (20 points)
- The “weird” headpiece that Susan Meiklejohn (1) ___________ daily is giving her relief from the deep
(2) ___________depression that she has suffered most of her life.
- Meiklejohn claims that she has never attempted suicide, but she has been (3) ___________ in that
ideation.
- Meiklejohn tried ketamine, commonly used in (4) ___________, to see if the new (5) ___________
treatment could provide her with some relief, but its effect didn’t last long.
- A few months ago, Meiklejohn heard about a new treatment (6) ___________ that she could try at home.
- Leigh Charvet is pioneering research in (7) ___________ direct current stimulation as a treatment for a
wide range of neurological disorders.
- Marom Bikson from the City College of New York develops methods of (8) ___________ involving the
use of devices to deliver energy in a controlled way to the nervous system to change the body.
- Bikson says the (9) ___________ roughly touches a part of your brain.
- Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is an area of the brain associated with problem solving, attention
switching, memory management and (10) ___________.
B. LEXICO - GRAMMAR (40 points)

Part 1. Choose one of the words marked A, B, C, or D which best completes each of the following sentences.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (20 points)
1. She always gets what she wants because she knows how to ______ the rules.
A. elicit B. desert C. slack D. circumvent
2. I have no appetite and I am lethargic. I’ve been feeling under _______ for ages.
A. weather B. par C. stress D. counter
3. There was no one downstairs; so he turned off the lights again and decided that she _________
imagined things.
A. must have B. should have C. can’t have D. needn’t have
4. _________, the diners settled the bill and left the restaurant.
A. Having hunger satisfied C. Their hunger satisfied
B. Hunger been satisfied D. Satisfying their hunger
5. My new pullover _______ to half of its previous size when I washed it.
A. dwindled B. reduced C. diminished D. shrank
6. Don’t mention work to Ray, as it’s a sore _______ with him at the moment.
A. point B. sight C. thumb D. threat
7. Today, while the vast majority of people are _______ opposed to the use of drugs in sport, detection
remains a real problem for the governing bodies.
A. steadily B. staunchly C. vaguely D. diametrically
8. The government is making little _______ in its fight to beat inflation.
A. advance B. improvement C. headway D. forward
9. _______, the meeting stops here.
A. If no question being asked C. Without any question, however
B. No questions asked D. There being no question
10. I recommend that Miriam ____ a boarding school. She'd be much more challenged academically.
A. attend B. attending C. attended D. would attend
11. Most critics agree that rather little ________ done by the artist after his illness has any
great value.
A. of what was B. of that was C. of that what was D. which has been
12. _________, I’d like to talk about myself as the happiest person in the world.
A. Be that it may C. Strange as it might sound
B. How much strange it may be D. Strange though might it sound
13. _____ as a masterpiece, a work of art must transcend the ideas of the period in which it was created.
A. Ranking B. To be ranked C. Being ranked D. To be ranking
14. If you continue to _______ debts at this rate, you will have to declare bankruptcy
eventually.
A. arise B. secure C. incur D. default
15. Investors were caught ________ by the sharp drop in share prices.
A. unawares B. unconscious C. short D. red-handed
16. _________ , the balcony chairs will be ruined in this weather.
A. Leaving uncovered B. Left uncovered C. Having left uncovered D. Been left uncovered
17. The government would be forced to use its emergency powers ________ further rioting to occur.
A. should B. did C. were D. had
18. Granddad would spend hours talking to us youngsters around the dinner table ________ about his
happy younger days back east on the farm.
A. recalling B. reminiscing C. reminding D. memorising
19. I’d rather you ________ a noise last night; I couldn’t get to sleep.
A. wouldn’t make B. didn’t make C. haven’t made D. hadn’t made
20. It’s a _________ shame that so little is done nowadays to help the homeless in our large cities.
A. sweeping B. crying C. dying D. pitying
Part 2. Give the correct form of the words in brackets. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
(10 points)
1. Children of school age are very ______________ and tend to believe what they are told. (IMPRESS)
2. The candidate made a(n) ______________ speech that incensed all those who heard it. (FLAME)
3. The business is ______________ as it can no longer meet the repayments on its debt. (SOLVE)
4. They were enraged at the ______________ of a policeman accused of murder. (ACQUIT)
5. He is a totally ______________person who deliberately defies all standards. (MORAL)
6. She did not reply, but sat with crimson cheeks and ______________eyes. (CAST)
7. People were ______________by the pictures the satellite sent back to Earth. (AWE)
8. This statue ______________ the soldiers who died in the war. (MEMORY)
9. New immigrants have been successfully ______________into the community. (SIMILAR)
10. Increasing import tax is believed to be ______________ as it would give rise to smuggling.
(PRODUCE)
Part 3. Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable particle. Write your answer in the boxes provided.
(10 points)
1. ________ accordance with our regulations, you will be issued with a formal written warning.
2. Why not buy the dress _________ approval then you can take it back if it doesn't fit yourmother?
3. He’s so stubborn and stupid. I just couldn’t get ________ to him that he can never make money from
gambling.
4. Peter says he’s feeling a bit ________ colour today.
5. He went to the meeting _______ disguise so as not to be recognised.
6. Helen is upset at losing her job, but there is no reason to take it _______ on her family.
7. I acted ________ impulse and bought my wife a large bunch of flowers.
8. Ali was ________ an inch of reaching his goal when Ben stepped into the picture and messed up his
plans.
9. The new regulations have thrown ________ a number of problems for the company.
10. Everyone laughed when he took ________ the teacher so well.

Part 1. Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. Write your
answers in the corresponding boxes. (15 points)
There is extensive historical evidence that our ancestors may have witnessed a massive invasion
of Unidentified Flying Objects (1) _____________ on their territories. These extraterrestrials are (2)
_____________ to have come into (3) _____________ with the ancient earthly populations and helped
them erect numerous magnificent structures or even establish glamorous empires.
However, the present-day fascination with UFO was only instigated by the first widely (4)
_____________American sighting in Idaho in 1947. Since that time, countless other close encounters have
been reported both by highly credible witnesses such as top-class pilots and less credible ones such as
ordinary civilians. Thousands of people around the world maintain having come (5) _____________ to
the visitors from outer space or to have been abducted for a scientific study inside their flying saucers.
Although most of these accounts have been (6) _____________ as fantasy or hallucinations, there is
mounting criticism from the public and media for ignoring the subject for too long. To many people,
rejecting even the most inexplicable sightings or UFO encounters as luminous artificial objects, natural
phenomena like auroras or even as meteorological balloons and satellites seems to be an irresponsible (7)
_____________. Most of us would prefer to believe that these extraterrestrial guests are arriving from
some remote galaxies to (8) _____________ a peaceful relationship and possibly give us a fair warning
against the consequences of our wasteful lifestyles. Yet, there is another theory implying that the visitors'
attitude towards mankind isn't so conciliatory and that their sole aim might be the unscrupulous
annihilation of the terrestrial populations. Doubtless, flying saucers still continue to be observed in many
places of the world (9) _______________ the imagination of UFO-maniacs. However, a large percentage
of such sightings will remain (10) _____________explanation until more convincing evidence is supplied
by the true experts.
1. A. encroaching B. approximating C. transgressing D. surpassing
2. A. reasoned B. alleged C. denoted D. inferred
3. A. face B. grip C. touch D. sight
4. A. conveyed B. notified C. communicated D. proclaimed
5. A. direct B. adjacent C. close D. nearby
6. A. dismissed B. disposed C. repelled D. speculated
7. A. bias B. approach C. encounter D. manner
8. A. establish B. engender C. enact D. engage
9. A. startling B. triggering C. sparking D. arising
10. A. beneath B. above C. under D. beyond
Part 2. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE word in each
space. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers in the corresponding boxes. (15 points)
Example: 0 – without
THE WAYS WE HAVE CHANGED
It is hard for almost everyone, but especially the young, to imagine a world (0) without television.
We have (1) _________________ to expect that all the important news of the day, worldwide, will be
there (2) _________________ the touch of a button. In times gone by, (3) _________________ the literate
knew what was going on in the world, and then only after a long delay. But now it is possible for any of
us to watch world events as they occur. (4) _________________ has shortened the distance that divides
our private lives from the outside world to (5) _________________ an extent as television.
Time and (6) _________________, television transports us to the habitats of rare animals, and we
may identify with them. Concern for damage to the environment extends far and (7) _________________.
We worry about the influence of technology not just in our cities but on us as people. Increasingly, we
see (8) _________________ as part of the planet rather than in isolation. (9) _________________was once
the prerogative of scholars is now accessible to countless people through the medium of television (10)
_________________ this form of popular education can be regarded as superficial, it represents a
broadening of knowledge.
Part 3. Read the following passage and choose the best answers (A, B, C or D) according to the text. Write your
answers in the corresponding boxes. (15 points)
Jane Howard views some works of ancient art
I have just come home after viewing some astonishing works of art that were recently discovered
in Church Hole cave in Nottinghamshire. They are not drawings, as one would expect, but etchings, and
they depict a huge range of animals. The artists who created them lived around 13,000 years ago, and the
images are remarkable on a variety of counts. First of all, their sheer number is staggering: there are ninety
all told. Moreover, fifty-eight of them are on the ceiling. This is extremely rare in cave art, according to a
leading expert, Dr Wilbur Samson of Central Midlands University. “Wall pictures are the norm,” he says.
“But more importantly, the Church Hole etchings are in incredible artistic achievement. They can hold
their own in comparison with the best found in continental Europe.” I am not a student of the subject, so
I have to take his word for it. However, you do not have to be an expert to appreciate their beauty.
In fact, it is the wider significance of the etchings that is likely to attract attention in academic
circles, since they radically alter our view of life in Britain during this epoch. It had previously been
thought that ice-age hunters in this country were isolated from people in more central areas of Europe,
but the Church Hole images prove that ancient Britons were part of a culture that had spread right across
the continent. And they were at least as sophisticated culturally as their counterparts on the mainland.
News of such exciting discoveries spreads rapidly, and thanks to the Internet and mobile phones, a
great many people probably knew about this discovery within hours of initial expedition returning. As a
result, some etchings may already have been damaged, albeit inadvertently, by eager visitors. In a
regrettably late response, the site has been cordoned off with a high, rather intimidating fence, and warning
notices have been posted.
An initial survey of the site last year failed to reveal the presence of the etchings. The reason lies in
the expectations of the researchers. They had been looking for the usual type of cave drawing or painting,
which shows up best under direct light. Consequently, they used powerful torches, shining them straight
onto the rock face. However, the Church Hole images are modifications of the rock itself, and show up best
when seen from a certain angle in the natural light of the early morning. Having been fortunate to see them
at this hour, I can only say that I was deeply – and unexpectedly – moved. While most cave art often seems
to have been created in a shadow past very remote from us, these somehow convey the impression that they
were made yesterday.
Dr Samson feels that the lighting factor provides important information about the likely function
of these works of art. “I think the artists knew very well that the etchings would hardly be visible except
early in the morning. We can therefore deduce that the chamber was used for rituals involving animal
worship, and that they were conducted just after dawn, as a preliminary to the day’s hunting.”
However, such ideas are controversial in the world of archaeology and human origins. Dr Olivia
Caruthers of the Reardon Institute remains unconvinced that the function of the etchings at Church Hole
can be determined with any certainty. “When we know so little about the social life of early humans, it
would be foolish to insist on any rigid interpretation. We should, in my view, begin by tentatively assuming
that their creators were motivated in part by aesthetic considerations – while of course being prepared to
modify this verdict at a late date, if and when new evidence emerges.”
To which I can only add that I felt deeply privileged to have been able to view Church Hole. It is a
site of tremendous importance culturally and is part of the heritage, not only of this country, but the world
as a whole.
1. The word staggering in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. shrinking B. alleviating C. astounding D. promising
2. According to the text, the images in Church Hole cave are _____.
A. unique examples of ceiling art. B. particularly beautiful cave paintings.
C. superior in quality to other cave art in Britain. D. aesthetically exceptional.
3. What is the cultural significance of these images?
A. They indicate that people from central Europe had settled in Britain.
B. They prove that ancient Britons hunted over large areas.
C. They reveal the existence of a single ice-age culture in Europe.
D. They suggest that people in Europe were more sophisticated than Britons.
4. The word intimidating in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. frightening B. charming C. deploying D. adjusting
5. According to the text, ______.
A. the discovery of the images should not have been made public.
B. the images in the cave are vulnerable to damage.
C. many people visited the cave within hours of its discovery.
D. the measures taken to protect the images have proved ineffective.
6. Why were the images not discovered during the initial survey?
A. They were not viewed from the right angle. B. People were not expecting to find any images.
C. Artificial light was used to explore the cave. D. The torches used were too powerful.
7. What conclusions does Dr Samson draw from the lighting factor?
A. Rituals are common in animal worship.
B. The artists never intended to make the images visible.
C. The images were intended to be visible at a certain time of day.
D. Ice-age hunters worshipped animals in the cave.
8. According to Dr Caruthers, ______.
A. we cannot make inferences from cave art.
B. the images in Church Hole do not serve any particular function.
C. experts know nothing about life 13000 years ago.
D. the function of such images is open to question.
9. The word tentatively in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. provisionally B. certainly C. concurrently D. permanently
10. It seems that the writer ______.
A. can now envisage the life of ice-age hunters more vividly.
B. was profoundly impressed by the images in the cave.
C. has now realized the true significance of cave art.
D. thinks the images should receive more publicity.
Part 4. For questions 1-10, read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. Write your answers in the
corresponding boxes. (15 points)
THE ROBOTS ARE COMING - OR ARE THEY?
What is the current state of play in Artificial Intelligence?
A. Can robots advance so far that they become the ultimate threat to our existence? Some scientists
say no, and dismiss the very idea of Artificial Intelligence. The human brain, they argue, is the most
complicated system ever created, and any machine designed to reproduce human thought is bound to fail.
Physicist Roger Penrose of Oxford University and others believe that machines are physically incapable
of human thought. Colin McGinn of Rutgers University backs this up when he says that Artificial
Intelligence is like sheep trying to do complicated psychoanalysis. They just don't have the conceptual
equipment they need in their limited brains'.
B. Artificial Intelligence, or AI, is different from most technologies in that scientists still understand
very little about how intelligence works. Physicists have a good understanding of Newtonian mechanics
and the quantum theory of atoms and molecules, whereas the basic laws of intelligence remain a mystery.
But a sizeable number of mathematicians and computer scientists, who are specialists in the area, are
optimistic about the possibilities. To them it is only a matter of time before a thinking machine walks out
of the laboratory. Over the years, various problems have impeded all efforts to create robots. To attack
these difficulties, researchers tried to use the 'top-down approach', using a computer in an attempt to
program all the essential rules onto a single disc. By inserting this into a machine, it would then become
self-aware and attain human-like intelligence.
C. In the 1950s and 1960s great progress was made, but the shortcomings of these prototype robots
soon became clear. They were huge and took hours to navigate across a room. Meanwhile, a fruit fly,
with a brain containing only a fraction of the computing power, can effortlessly navigate in three
dimensions. Our brains, like the fruit fly's, unconsciously recognise what we see by performing countless
calculations. This unconscious awareness of patterns is exactly what computers are missing. The second
problem is robots' lack of common sense. Humans know that water is wet and that mothers are older than
their daughters. But there is no mathematics that can express these truths. Children learn the intuitive
laws of biology and physics by interacting with the real world. Robots know only what has been
programmed into them.
D. Because of the limitations of the top-down approach to Artificial Intelligence, attempts have been
made to use a 'bottom-up' approach instead - that is, to try to imitate evolution and the way a baby learns.
Rodney Brooks was the director of MIT's Artificial Intelligence laboratory, famous for its lumbering
'topdown' walking robots. He changed the course of research when he explored the unorthodox idea of
tiny 'insectoid' robots that learned to walk by bumping into things instead of computing mathematically
the precise position of their feet. Today many of the descendants of Brooks' insectoid robots are on Mars
gathering data for NASA (The National Aeronautics and Space Administration), running across the dusty
landscape of the planet. For all their successes in mimicking the behaviour of insects, however, robots
using neural networks have performed miserably when their programmers have tried to duplicate in them
the behaviour of higher organisms such as mammals. MIT's Marvin Minsky summarises the problems of
AI: 'The history of AI is sort of funny because the first real accomplishments were beautiful things, like a
machine that could do well in a maths course. But then we started to try to make machines that could
answer questions about simple children's stories. There's no machine today that can do that.'
E. There are people who believe that eventually there will be a combination between the top-down
and bottom-up, which may provide the key to Artificial Intelligence. As adults, we blend the two
approaches. It has been suggested that our emotions represent the quality that most distinguishes us as
human, that it is impossible for machines ever to have emotions. Computer expert Hans Moravec thinks
that in the future robots will be programmed with emotions such as fear to protect themselves so that they
can signal to humans when their batteries are running low, for example. Emotions are vital in decision-
making. People who have suffered a certain kind of brain injury lose the ability to experience emotions
and become unable to make decisions. Without emotions to guide them, they debate endlessly over their
options. Moravec points out that as robots become more intelligent and are able to make choices, they
could likewise become paralysed with indecision. To aid them, robots of the future might need to have
emotions hardwired into their brains.
F. There is no universal consensus as to whether machines can be conscious, or even, in human
terms, what consciousness means. Minsky suggests the thinking process in our brain is not localised but
spread out, with different centres competing with one another at any given time. Consciousness may then
be viewed as a sequence of thoughts and images issuing from these different, smaller 'minds', each one
competing for our attention. Robots might eventually attain a 'silicon consciousness', Robots, in fact,
might one day embody an architecture for thinking and processing information that is different from ours
- but also indistinguishable. If that happens, the question of whether they really 'understand' becomes
largely irrelevant. A robot that has perfect mastery of syntax, for all practical purposes, understands what
is being said.
Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter, A-F.
1. an insect that proves the superiority of natural intelligence over Artificial Intelligence
2. robots being able to benefit from their mistakes
3. many researchers not being put off believing that Artificial Intelligence will eventually be developed
4. the possibility of creating Artificial Intelligence being doubted by some academics
5. no generally accepted agreement of what our brains do
Complete the summary below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
When will we have a thinking machine?
Despite some advances, the early robots had certain (6) __________________. They were given the
information they needed on a (7) __________________. This was known as the 'top-down' approach and
enabled them to do certain tasks but they were unable to recognise (8) __________________. Nor did they
have any intuition or ability to make decisions based on experience. Rodney Brooks tried a different (9)
__________________. Robots similar to those invented by Brooks are to be found on (10)
__________________ where they are collecting information.

Part 1: (20 points)
The graph below gives information about the price of bananas in four countries between 1984 and
2004.
relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Part 2. Essay writing. (30 points)
Write an essay of about 250 words to express your opinion on the following topic:
It is the responsibility of schools to teach children good behaviour in addition to providing formal
education. Do you agree or disagree?
Use your own knowledge and experience to support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.
SAMPLE TEST 10
Part 1: You will listen to a short conversation about jobs in restaurants. For questions 1-5, complete the table
using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/ OR A NUMBER for each answer. (10 points)
Location Job title Responsibilities Pay and conditions
Wivenhoe Street Breakfast Checking (1) ________ Starting salary 9.50 per hour
supervisor Making sure equipment is Start work at (2) ________
clean
(3) __________ Junior chef Supporting the senior staff Annual salary £23,000
and (4) ______ No work on every (5) _______
Maintaining stock and
arranging deliveries
Part 2: You will listen to a talk about Scandinavia. Listen and decide if the following statements are true (T) or
false (F). (10 points)
6. The presence of state-controlled monopolies on alcohol in both Norway and Denmark contributes to
elevated prices.
7. The Scandinavian nations need substantial taxation to sustain their welfare states.
8. Ikea has been transferred to a parent company in Scandinavia because of lower taxation rates in
Sweden.
9. The substantial welfare state of the region is thought to guarantee its financial security, job stability,
and equitable economic distribution.
10. Scandinavian citizens receive highly affordable education, access to a free public transportation
system , and a well-operating healthcare service.
Part 3: For questions 11–15, listen to a radio discussion about children who invent imaginary friends and choose
the correct answer A, B, C or D which fits best according to what you hear. (10 points)
11. In the incident that Liz describes
A. her daughter asked her to stop the car. B. she had to interrupt the journey twice.
C. she got angry with her daughter. D. her daughter wanted to get out of the car.
12. What does the presenter say about the latest research into imaginary friends?
A. It contradicts other research on the subject.
B. It shows that the number of children who have them is increasing.
C. It indicates that negative attitudes towards them are wrong.
D. It focuses on the effect they have on parents.
13. How did Liz feel when her daughter had an imaginary friend?
A. always confident that it was only a temporary situation
B. occasionally worried about the friend's importance to her daughter
C. slightly confused as to how she should respond sometimes
D. highly impressed by her daughter's inventiveness
14. Karen says that one reason why children have imaginary friends is that
A. they are having serious problems with their real friends.
B. they can tell imaginary friends what to do.
C. they want something that they cannot be given.
D. they want something that other children haven't got.
15. Karen says that the teenager who had invented a superhero is an example of
A. a very untypical teenager. B. a problem that imaginary friends can cause.
C. something she had not expected to discover. D. how children change as they get older.
Part 4: For questions 16-25, listen to a recording about the skin care industry in Korea. Write NO MORE
THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER taken from the recording for each answer. (20 points)
It is anticipated that the skin care industry's revenue will experience growth over the next four years to
more than (16) __________.
Skin care is a big moneymaker for big (17) ___________.
Skin care makes up (18) __________ of the annual revenue of the world beauty industry.
According to Larissa Jensen, skin care is actually growing the fastest of all the beauty categories
tracked, including (19) ___________.
Wellness is associated with clean eating, the latest (20)___________ and the no-makeup look.
In South Korea, the latest skin care innovations are (21)___________ and large manufacturing takes
place first.
Charlotte Cho is a Korean (22) ___________, an entrepreneur, and the author of "The Little Book
of Skin Care”.
She firmly believes Korea has allowed (23)___________ to come to the forefront of a lot of the skin
care trends.
South Korea is both a huge (24) __________ and a large exporter of beauty products.
Many beauty brands from Europe and America are making their products with (25) ___________
chemists and manufacturing plants.
SECTION B: LEXICO-GRAMMAR (40 POINTS)

Part 1: Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to each of the following questions and write your answer (A, B, C
or D) in the corresponding numbered boxes. (20 points)
26. Major political party is _____ the campaign for tighter gun controls in the wake of last month’s shooting.
A. procuring B. solidifying C. spearheading D. fulfilling
27. Despite his poor performance in last month’s athletics trials, Jack is still ______ for a medal in next
week’s race.
A. in the running B. by a mile C. on his plate D. on the go
28. In its ______, the city of Bath was a magnet for wealthy and fashionable people from all over the country.
A. dream B. foothold C. prestige D. heyday
29. Jenny ______ her audition and was immediately offered the part!
A. went up B. scraped through C. took off D. waltzed through
30. The money laundering scandal lead to the minister’s ______ fall from political power.
A. prodigious B. precipitous C. dismal D. persistent
31. The CEO was found guilty of ___; nobody could believe that he had been deceiving the company for so
many months.
A. trafficking B. arson C. embezzlement D. hooliganism
32. The ______ windows of the house seemed to indicate that it had been derelict for a long time.
A. faced-up B. long-awaited C. semi-detached D. boarded-up
33. The office was closed for a week for refurbishment and now the staff have to deal with the _____ that
built up during their absence.
A. backstage B. backlash C. backlog D. backdrop
34. Garlic being sold as organic was found to contain pesticide _____ and was removed from the market.
A. elements B. residues C. filaments D. variables
35. Sam has no ______ for the night of the crime and, therefore, he is the main suspect in this case.
A. verdict B. surveillance C. alibi D. witness
36. I don’t think it would be wise to try to make Max change his mind about divorcing Barbara. Well,
in his place I _____ her at all.
A. would never have married B. needn’t have married
C. would never marry D. must never have married
37. I think Candy _____ the prize if she plays this well during the competition.
A. is in for winning B. is bound to win C. may as well win D. is set for winning
38. Find someone who will let you talk things through, or _____ that, write down your thoughts.
A. except B. failing C. for all of D. given
39. _____, water is required by all living things on Earth and life cannot survive without it.
A. It is known as far B. Known as far as it is
C. As known as far D. As far as is known
40. _____, he tried to fix the machine.
A. Not being a computer expert notwithstanding
B. Despite of not being a computer expert
C. Though no computer expert
D. In spite of being no computer expert
41. For the first few months the babies looked so alike I couldn't tell _____.
A. who is whom B. which is which C. which from which D. whom with whom
42. _____, the meeting began.
A. After we have sat down B. All of us having taken the seats
C. Our having seated D. Once we had seated
43. They must have gone away, _____?
A. shouldn’t they B. haven’t they C. mustn’t they D. didn’t they
44. Kate: ‘Did the minister approve the building plans?’
Bill: ‘Not really. He turned them down _____ that the costs were too high.’
A. on the grounds B. provided C. in case D. supposing
45. The draw took place yesterday but the competition winners _____.
A. are yet to be announced B. haven’t been yet announced
C. are as yet to have been announced D. haven’t announced yet
Part 2: Give the correct form of each given word to complete the following sentences. Write your answers in the
numbered boxes. (10 points)
46. I am glad that the children have taken advantage of the long walk so ___________. (felicity)
47. The _________ of the technology comes at the end of a long period of innovation. (calcium)
48. Is your name_____________? (hyphen)
49. Many people without jobs are living on the___________. (bread)
50. The inspection of a vehicle's steering mechanism and tyres is designed to ensure that it is ________ in
terms of its steering characteristics. (road)
51.The majority of infected persons are ____________ and unaware of their condition. (symptom)
52.The two losers got to follow in the footsteps of their fellow ____________ by walking the plank.
(patriotic)
53. Casting a vote in a _________ is not exactly the same as advancing an opinion in a survey. (refer)
54. The new system __________ with existing telephone equipment. (face)
55. The principal has taken the students’ petition under _____. (advise)
Part 3. Complete each of the following sentences with suitable preposition(s). Write your answer in the boxes
provided on the answer sheet. (10 points)
56. It was too late to back ___________ the contract.
57. Their warnings about the recent robbery put her ___________ the defense.
58. Alice is going to put ________ the job of a sales assistant in Newcastle.
59. The conflict in the production department boils _______ the employees’ dissatisfaction with their
wages.
60. Tiredness can easily creep ________ you while you’re driving.
61. I can only admire his conscientiousness. It’s over and _________ the call of duty.
62. The house was near a park but there was a road in ___________.
63. You’ll have to tell me the truth. Stop trying to pull the wool __________ my eyes.
64. His jokes seemed to go _________ very well with his audience, if their laughter was any indication.
65. He put it _________ that he was thinking of leaving the company and, as a result, he received several
offers from rival organisations.
SECTION 3: READING (60 points)

Part 1: For questions 66-75, read the following passage and decide which option (A, B, C, or D) best fits each
gap. Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes on the answer sheet. (15 points)
NATURE’S CLOCKS
Our biological clocks govern almost every aspect of our lives. Our sensitivity to stimuli
(66)__________over the course of the day, and our ability to perform certain functions is subject to
fluctuations. Consequently, there is a (n) (67) ___________ time for tasks such as making decisions:
around the middle of the day. Anything that (68) ___________ physical co-ordination, on the other hand,
is best attempted in the early evening. What is more, there is a dramatic drop in performance if these
activities are (69) __________ out at other times. The risk of accident in a factory, for example, is 20%
higher during the night shift.
Primitive humans lived their lives in tune with daily cycle of light and dark. Today we are
(70)__________convinced that we can impose schedules on our lives at (71)___________ Sooner or later,
however, we pay a price for ignoring our natural rhythms. A good example is jet lag, caused when we
confuse our body’s biological clocks by (72) _________several time zones. People suffering from jet lag
can take several days to adjust to new time zones, and have a reduced ability to make decisions, which is
a worrying thought, as serious (73)__________ of judgment can be made. And this may be just the (74)
__________ of the iceberg. An increasing number of people suffer from seasonal affective disorder (SAD),
a form of depression that can be (75) _________ by living in artificial conditions SAD can be serious, and
suffers may even need to take antidepressant drugs.
66. A. modifies B. ranges C. varies D. wavers
67. A. peak B. summit C. maximum D. optimum
68. A. requests B. demands C. dictates D. stipulates
69. A. made B. done C. carried D. performed
70. A. powerfully B. firmly C. steadily D. highly
71. A. whim B. determination C. will D. desire
72. A. landing B. penetrating C. crossing D. travelling
73. A. errors B. mistakes C. inaccuracies D. fallacies
74. A. peak B. pinnacle C. top D. tip
75. A. triggered B. developed C. created D. launched
Part 2: For questions 76-85, fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word and write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes on the answer sheet. (15 points)
If a picture is (76) ______ a thousand words, a map may equate (77) ______ a million. Maps,
infographics, and photographs blur the (78) ______ between information and art, at once documenting
the state of the world in which information is presented in a (79) _______ dynamic way. Unlike
photographs, however, no map can (80) ______ to be a direct portrait of reality. Every map, no (81)
_______ how simple it appears, is shaped by the viewpoint and the choices of the person who made it.
On (82) ______ of that, every person who reads a map will (83) ______ it differently than the next. Our
interpretations of maps are influenced (84) ______ as much by our perceptions and personal experiences
as by what's actually on the page. For this reason, understanding subjectivity has become an important
part of both geography and cartography. The long history of cartography has led people to trust maps as
a (85) ______ of information about the world.
Part 3: For questions 86-95, read the following passage and circle the best answer to each of the following
questions. Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes provided on the answer sheet. (15 points)
Simply ticking the boxes isn’t enough
I have been asked what I think about the idea of ‘Investing in People’. The best answer I can give
is that I think what it tries to achieve - basically making the link between business improvement and
focusing on the needs of the people who work for an organization - is great. My problem is with
organizations who subscribe to it as a way to help the ‘get better’, when they don’t bother to understand
where they went wrong in the first place. They need to ask what explicit and implicit policies and
procedures they have in place that prevent their people from being able to do the right thing for the right
reasons.
I am sure that there are managers out there who don’t know any better, and assume that to manage
they simply need to put pressure on their people to perform. But people don’t demonstrate high
performance because they see the need to do it, and make the choice to do so. They do it because they
are connected to the business goals and they see how their contributions can help achieve them. Such
managers may tell themselves they can put a ‘tick’ in the ‘we care about people’ box. But simply putting
ticks in boxes is no good if it doesn’t reflect reality.
I know of a company that was so concerned that its people were doing the ‘right thing’ that it put
in place a series of metrics to measure their effectiveness. So far, so good. But one of the objectives -
making successful sales calls - manifested itself in the metric ‘Number of potential customers seen in one
day’. The sales people obviously focused their efforts on going from one customer’s office to another, and
not on closing deals. Instead of the employees becoming more effective, they focused on getting the boxes
ticked. Good intent; poor thinking.
Another company wanted to improve the speed with which it was able to introduce new products.
Competition was beating it to the market place, and consequently the company was losing market share.
Senior management sent out the message to reduce the time spent in getting products into customers'
hands, with the explanation that they couldn't afford delays. This was a relatively easy task, especially
since the time spent testing the products was cut in half to accomplish the time reduction. The result was
new products were introduced in less time than those of competition – but soon rejected by customers for
poor quality. Good intent; reckless implementation.
A third company I know is trying hard to help employees see that they have some control over
their future. The company instituted a programme with a title like ‘Creating our own future’ or something
like that. A good idea; get the people involved in the future of the company. But instead of the employees
becoming motivated to contribute, they saw it as a hollow exercise on the part of senior management
who, in the past, had paid little attention to anything other than getting the job done so they could report
great earnings. Yes, the programme was a big ‘tick the box’ effort, but that was all it was in the minds of
the people that it was designed for.
A final example is of a company that brought in one of their ‘Investing in People’ programmes to
change the way the company was run. Assessors were running around like crazy, heling managers
examine how they managed. They told managers how they could manage better. And when the
programme was over, the company was able to say that they had done it - it had invested in its people
and life was now good. But the managers simply went back to business as usual. After all, the assessors
were gone, and they had targets to hit.
[95A] All these examples are representative of senior management who see the need to improve
things in their organization, but don't see how to do it. [95B] And when the employees simply see the
programme as a box-ticking exercise, then it's hopeless. If a company is going to go through the effort
implied in investing in people, it should make it worthwhile. [95C] Defaulting on the choice to improve
the decision-making process by going through the motions is as lame as senior management saying their
people’s poor performance is not the senior management’s fault. [95D]
86.The writer thinks that putting the concept of “Investing in People” into practice……….
A. frequently results in confusion among the people it is supposed to help
B. involves more effort than some organizations are prepared to make
C. may create problems where previously there had not been any problems
D. is something that some organizations should not attempt to do
87. The writer’s main point in the second paragraph is that the performance of employees………
A. may be very good even if management is poor
B. cannot be accurately measured by any box-ticking exercise
C. is related to their knowledge of the organization as a whole
D. is not as unpredictable as some managers believe it to be
88. What point does the writer make about the first company he describes?
A. It was not really interested in measuring the effectiveness of employees.
B. The targets that it set for staff were unrealistic.
C. It failed to understand the real needs of its employees.
D. The data that it collected did not measure what it was supposed to measure.
89. The word “objectives” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to………….
A. purposes B. goals C. motives D. reasons
90. What point does the writer make about the second company he describes?
A. It made what should have been an easy task into a complicated one.
B. It failed to foresee the consequences of an instruction.
C. It misunderstood why a new approach was required.
D. It refused to take into account the views of employees.
91.What does the writer say about the programme introduced by the third company he mentions?
A. Employees did not believe that it had been introduced for their benefit.
B. Employees felt that it was in fact a way of making their jobs even harder.
C. The reason given for introducing it was not the real reason why it was introduced.
D. It was an inappropriate kind of programme for this particular organization.
92. The word "hollow” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to……...
A. not sincere B. without real value C. empty D. deep
93. The writer says that the programme in his final example………...
A. was too demanding for managers to maintain long-term
B. was treated as a self-contained exercise by managers
C. involved some strange ideas on how managers could improve
D. cause managers to believe that their previous methods had been better
94. The word "it" in the last paragraph refers to………..
A. senior management
B. improving things in things in the organiztion
C. organization
D. the need
95. Look at the four options [95A], [95B], [95C] and [95D], which indicate where the following sentence
could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?
For a start, a programme targeted at improving things is only as good as management's ability to
motivate their people.
A. [95A] B. [95B] C. [95C] D. [95D]
Part 4. For questions 96-105, read the passage and do the following tasks. Write your answers in the
MENDING BROKEN HEARTS
A. Although hearts suffer many maladies-valves leak, membranes become inflamed – coronary heart
disease, which can lead to heart attack and ultimately to heart failure, is the number one killer of both
men and women in the United States, where 500,000 the annually. Worldwide, it kills 7.2 million people
every year. Exacerbated by the Western lifestyle – motorized transport, abundant meat and cheese,
workdays conducted from the comfort of a well-padded chair – incidence of the disease is soaring.
B. To help stem this lethal tide, cardiologists can prescribe such cholesterol-lowering drugs as statins
to help keep arteries clear. They can advise patients to change their habits, or they can operate to fix a
immediate problem. Angioplasty is one procedure, and surgery to bypass the diseased arteries is another
– each year more than 400,000 bypasses are performed in the U. S. Transplants can replace severely
damaged hearts, and artificial ones can keep people alive while they wait for a donor heart. But in the
face of an impending global epidemic, none of these stopgap measures addresses the essential question:
Who gets heart attacks and why?
C. The human heart beats 100,000 times a day, propelling six quarts (5.6 liters) of blood through
60,000 miles (96,560.6 kilometers) of vessels – 20 times the distance across the U. S. from coast to coast.
The blood flows briskly, surging out of a ten-ounce (283.5 gram) heart so forcefully that large arteries,
when severed, can send a jet of blood several feet into the air. Normally the relentless current helps keep
blood vessels clean. But where an artery bends, tiny eddies form, as in a bend in a river. This is where bits
of sticky, waxy cholesterol and fat can seep into the artery wall and oxidize, like butter going rancid.
Other matter piles up too. Eventually, the whole mas calcifies into a land of arterial stucco, or plague.
D. Until recently, cardiologists approached heart diseases as a plumbing problem. Just as mineral
deposits restrict the flow of water through a pipe, an accretion of plague impedes the flow of blood through
an arterial channel. The more crud in the system, the greater likelihood that a dammed artery will trigger
a heart attack. Doctors now dismiss this “clogged-pipes model” as an idea whose time has passed. It’s
just not that simple.
E. Most heart attacks are caused by plague embedded within the artery wall that ruptures, cracking
the wall and triggering the formation of a blood clot. The clot flocks the flow of blood to the heart muscle,
which can form the lack of oxygen and nutrients. Suddenly, the pump stops pumping.
F. Contrary to the clogged pipes model, heart attacks generally occur in arteries that have minimal
or moderate blockage, and their occurrence depends more on the kind of plague than on the quantity.
Scientists have been struggling to figure out what type is most responsible. Paradoxically, findings suggest
that immature, softer plague rich in cholesterol are more unstable and likely to rupture than the hard,
calcified, dense plagues that extensively narrow the artery channel. But understanding the root cause of
the disease will require much more research. For one thing, human hearts, unlike plumbing fixtures, are
not stamped from a mold. Like the rest of our body parts, they are products of our genes.
G. Don Steffensen was putting duck-hunting decoys out on a small lake one fall afternoon in South
Western Iowa when his heart attack hit. The infarction was massive and unexpected. It’s likely that
Steffensen survived only because a buddy was carrying nitroglycerin tablets and quickly slipped under his
friend’s tongue. Nitroglycerin is used to make dynamite; in the body, a heavily diluted form releases nitric
oxide, which signals the smooth muscle cells in veins and arteries to relax, dilating the vessels.
H. The Steffensen clan is enormous: more than 200 relatives spread over three generations. many of
the youngest are now dispersed from Iowa to New York and beyond. Although heart trouble is common
in the family, it had never struck anyone as unusual. “I attributed it to diet,” shrugs Tina, a slim 38-year-
old and the family’s only vegetarian.
I. It was a reasonable conclusion. The Steffensens were raised on the kind of farm food that the state
is famous for – ham balls, meatloaf, pie, macaroni and cheese – and still popular even as careers have
moved indoors. Driving north through cornfields to meet some of the family in Buffalo Center, I dined at
a restaurant offering deep-fried sandwiches. A single ham and cheese hoagie – clunked in hot fat and
served sizzling – seemed capable of stopping a heart all on its own.
Questions 96 – 102:
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? WRITE
YES if the statement agrees with the information
NO if the statement contradicts the information
96. Coronary heart disease is the largest culprit behind the deaths in the United States.
97. The Western lifestyle is the largest cause for the increase in the diseases.
98. Measures taken by experts have successfully answered the essential questions about heart attack.
99. Blood in human body could travel much more distance throughout the body on a daily basis than that
across the U. S. from coast to coast.
100. Cholesterol is stored in the arteries to provide energy for various functions of the body.
101. The clogged pipes model is accepted by most doctors and specialists.
102. Scientists have yet to decide the most likely factor that leads to heart attack.
Questions 103-105:
Complete each sentence with the correct ending A – G below based on the information in paragraphs A – E.
103. Cardiologists prescribe cholesterol-lowering drugs in order to ___________.
104. Artificial hearts are introduced to ______________.
105. Heart diseases in arteries are compared to ___________.
A. reduce the costs of transplantation surgery

B. the blood clots – a kind of arterial stucco, or plague
C. deposits of minerals limiting the flow of water through a pipe
D. smooth the arteries
E. cope with difficult situations
F. braincase the blood from flowing to the heart muscle and interfere with the absorption of oxygen and
nutrients
G. help patients survive until the availability of a donated human heart
SECTION D: WRITING (50 points)

Part 1: (20 points)
The chart shows the percentage of male and female teachers in six different types of educational setting in the
UK in 2010.
relevant.
Part 2 (30 points): Write an essay to elaborate your opinion on the topic:
What should teenagers do to become responsible digital citizens?
You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples
and relevant evidence. Write about 250 words.

Sample Test 1

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I. LISTENING (50 points)

II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (40 points)

SECTION C: READING (60 points)

(A) history. (B) findings. (C) fact. (D) belief.

I. WRITING (50 points)

SECTION II: LEXICO-GRAMMAR (40pts)

SECTION C: READING (60 points)

1. The writer’s main purpose is to______.

D. WRITING (50 points)

Part 2. Essay writing (30 points)

B. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (40 points)

Part 2. Essay writing (30 points)

SECTION B. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (60 points)

III. READING (60 points)

IV. WRITING (50 points)

Participation in social work by men and

II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (40 points)

III. READING (50 POINTS)

66. A. side-on B. next-door C. close-up D. nearside

B. LEXICO - GRAMMAR (50 points)

Oceans were formed when water from the atmosphere 7. ______________________.

The first continents were formed when molten material solidified.

Around 500 million years ago:

Around 300 million years ago:

Around 200 million years ago:

D. WRITING (50 points)

WORKING AT MILO’S RESTAURANTS

SECTION B: LEXICO- GRAMMAR (40 points)

96. Paragraph A________ 97. Paragraph B ________ 98. Paragraph C ________

Complete the summary below.

D. WRITING (50 points)

Part 2: Essay writing (30 points)

C. READING (60 pts)

USE NO MORE THAN two words for each answer.

D. WRITING (50 pts)

Changes in Expenses by Age Group

B. LEXICO - GRAMMAR (40 points)

C. READING (60 points)

D. WRITING (50 points)

SECTION B: LEXICO-GRAMMAR (40 POINTS)

SECTION 3: READING (60 points)

A. reduce the costs of transplantation surgery

SECTION D: WRITING (50 points)

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96. Paragraph A 97. Paragraph B 98. Paragraph C