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2023
第 44 卷 第6期 Journal of Capital Medical University Vol. 44 No. 6
【 Abstract】 Objective To elucidated the specific functional roles of the a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 15 ( ADAM15) gene single
nucleotide variant (SNV) in the cellular processes associated with the development of colon cancer through combination of high throughput
sequencing and suitable cellular models. Methods We initially performed whole exome sequencing on cancerous tissues and adjacent tissues
from colon cancer patients exhibiting invasive phenotypes. Subsequently, functional experiments were conducted using wild-type / mutant
ADAM15 colon cancer HCT-8 cell lines. This was followed by transcriptome sequencing analysis of the wild-type / mutant ADAM15 cell lines.
Results The whole exome sequencing study identified a highly recurrent SNV, rs6427128, located at the ADAM15 gene, which
demonstrated a significant association with adverse prognosis in patients, suggesting its potential influence on the progression of colon cancer.
The functional assays utilizing cells overexpressing the variant gene, indicated that the expression product of this variant gene lost the effect
of upregulating cell invasion capabilities while increased cell adhesion by approximately 26% compared to wild-type ADAM15 cells. To
comprehensively investigate the mechanisms underlying the impact of rs6427128 variation on colon cancer cell phenotypes, we performed
transcriptome sequencing analysis on HCT-8 cells transfected with the overexpressed variant protein. The results revealed differential
expression genes were enriched in various cellular biological processes, including cell adhesion junction pathways, DNA replication and
transcription, as well as inflammatory responses, in comparison to wild-type samples. Conclusion This study indicated that the rs6427128
variant may alter the tumor microenvironment by affecting tumor cell adhesion and contributed to extensive transcriptional changes in tumor
cells, ultimately promoted the malignant phenotype of colon cancer. Although individual gene mutations in malignant tumors often do not act
as primary causative factors, high-frequency recurrent variants detected in clinical samples can provide valuable molecular candidates for
unraveling the structural-functional relationships of tumor-related genes. Using rs6427128 as an example, in combination with appropriate
cell models and refined analytical methods, some potential functional variants can yield informative laboratory data regarding their specific
roles in cellular processes related to the development of colon cancer, such as proliferation, adhesion, invasion, and metastasis.
【 Key words】 colon cancer; a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 15 ( ADAM15 ) gene; cell adhesion; single nucleotide variation
( SNV) ; tumor microenvironment
表 1 研究纳入结肠癌患者临床信息
Tab. 1 Clinical Information of Included Patients
Number Gender Age / a Smoking history Alcohol history Initial symptoms Bleeding
Abdominal distention,
T1 / N1 Male 63 No No nausea, vomiting, reduced No
gas discharge
Abdominal discomfort, a-
T2 / N2 Male 75 No No No
nemia
T3 Male 76 No Yes Intestinal obstruction Yes
T4 Male 77 Yes No Diarrhea Yes
Number Perforation Obstruction Preoperative staging Tumor location Differentiation Depth of invasion
Transverse colon, hepatic Invading muscularis
T1 / N1 No No cT4NxM1 Moderately differentiated
flexure adenocarcinoma and serosa
1. 7 细胞迁移功能检测 1. 10 高通量数据分析
1. 5 × 10 6 个 / 孔细胞接种 6 孔板,使细胞在培养 (1) WES 数据:使用 Trimmomatic( 版本:0. 39) 用
过夜后融合率达到 100 %;以 200 μL 枪头在每个孔 于输入 Fasta 序列进行成对匹配和筛选,去掉测序接
中划一条直线,用 PBS 清洗掉划线时脱落的细胞,加 头。 使用 BWA ( 版本:1. 5) 读段拼接和比对。 使用
入含 10 % ( 体积分数) 胎牛血清的 RPMI-1640 培养 SAMtools( 版本:1. 15. 1) 进 行 二 进 制 格 式 转 换 和 排
基;培养箱中培养不同时间点,在显微镜下观察划痕 序。 使用 PICARD( 版本:2. 2. 1) 软件标记重复,去除
生长情况并拍照。 Image J 软件测量划痕宽度,结果 聚合酶 链 反 应 ( polymerase chain reaction, PCR) 重
取均值。 复。 使用 GAKT ( 版 本: 4. 0 ) 进 行 变 异 检 测。 使 用
1. 8 WES Annova 进行功能注释。
从癌 / 癌旁组织样本中提取总 DNA。 将提取的 (2) 全 转 录 组 测 序 数 据: 使 用 Trimmomatic ( 版
DNA 样本进行机械消化,将 DNA 分成 150 bp 左右。 本:0. 39) 用于输入 Fasta 序列进行成对匹配和筛选,
使用 SureSelect Human All Exon V8 进行外显子捕获; 去掉测序接头。 使用 HISAT2( 版本:HISAT2 2. 2. 0)
将捕获的外显子 DNA 片段连接到测序适配器上,形 对处理后数据读段进行参考基因组比对。 使用 SAM-
成 DNA 文库,扩增文库,使用 Illumina Hiseq X10 平 tools( 版本:1. 15. 1) 进行二进制格式转换和排序。 使
台对文库进行双末端测序(2 × 150 bp) 。 用 DESeq2( 版本:1. 40. 2) 进行 RNA-seq 差异表达基
1. 9 全转录组测序 因分 析。 对 基 因 功 能 和 通 路 分 别 进 行 基 因 本 体
提取 细 胞 总 RNA。 使 用 Nanodrop ND1000 分 ( Gene Ontology, GO) ( https: / / go. princeton. edu / ) 和
光光度计 ( Thermo Scientific 公 司, 美 国) 确 定 RNA 京都基因和基因组百科全书 ( Kyoto Encyclopedia of
浓度。 VAHTS Universal V6 RNA-seq 文 库 试 剂 盒、 Genes and Genomes, KEGG) ( https: / / www. kegg. jp /
VAHTS RNA Multiplex Oligos Set1- Set2 for Illumina、 kegg / kegg1d. html) 富集通路分析。
VAHTS DNA Clean Beads、以及 VAHTS mRNA Cap-
2 结果
ture Beads( 南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司) 进
行质量评估和 mRNA 测序文库制备。 使用 Illumina 2. 1 WES 检出 ADAM15 基因非同义 SNV
Hiseq × 10 平 台 进 行 成 对 末 端 多 重 测 序 ( 2 × 首先对 4 例癌组织及 2 例癌旁组织进行 2 × 150
150 bp) 。 bp 双端 WES,筛选外显子区域 SNV,平均每例样本
第6期 王 晶等:肿瘤相关基因 ADAM15 在结肠癌中一个非同义变异对细胞黏附及侵袭的影响 1047
图 1 ADAM 15 结构与功能示意图
Fig. 1 Schematic representation of ADAM15 structure and function
A: schematic diagram of the ADAM15 gene and protein spatial structure. The upper image shows a three-dimensional schematic of the ADAM15 protein, with
green representing the proproteinase domain ( labeled Pep_M12B_propep) , red representing the metalloproteinase domain ( labeled Reprolysin) , blue repre-
senting the disintegrin domain ( labeled disintegrin ) , yellow representing the cysteine-rich domain ( labeled ADAM _ CR) , and orange representing the
rs6427128 site region. The lower image depicts the key structure of the ADAM15 gene, with the colors of relevant domains and sites same with the protein
spatial structure diagram. Green sites indicate some recurrent SNVs of the ADAM15 gene in colon cancer samples from the TCGA database; B: overall surviv-
al curve comparison between the high-expression group and low-expression group of ADAM15 in the TCGA database; C: Comparison of the survival curves of
the ADAM15 high expression group and the local expression group in the GEO database with “ METASTASIS” as an indicator. SNV: single necleotide vari-
ant.
1048 首都医科大学学报 第 44 卷
图 3 ADAM15 野生型和突变型细胞系转录组分析
Fig. 3 Transcriptome analysis of wild-type and mutant ADAM15 cell lines
A:analysis of differentially expressed genes in the transcriptomes of wild-type and mutant ADAM15 cell lines; B: ranking of differentially expressed genes in the tran-
scriptomes; C:enrichment of GO pathways for differentially expressed genes, with the red box indicating pathways related to cell adhesion; D: enrichment of KEGG
pathways for differentially expressed genes, with the red box indicating pathways related to cell apoptosis and transcriptional misregulation in cancer. GO: Gene on-
tology; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.
第6期 王 晶等:肿瘤相关基因 ADAM15 在结肠癌中一个非同义变异对细胞黏附及侵袭的影响 1051