C2

Arhitectura sistemelor de calcul

Lect. univ. dr. Cristian ȘTEFAN
lc.stefan.mi@spiruharet.ro
RISC vs CISC

Sursa: https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-36826095 2
Ecosistemul Acorn RISC Machines

Sursa: https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-36826095 3
Arhitectura ARM

Sursa: https://liliputing.com/2015/02/arm-cortex-a72-chips-coming-2016.html 4
 ARM SoC

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Sursa: https://microcontrollerslab.com/arm-microcontroller/ Sursa: Wikipedia
 big.LITTLE

Sursa: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Full-System-Simulation-of-big.LITTLE-Multicore-for-Butko-
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Bruguier/727ebb3ce8a17304da4ad2399906b63c1250be54
Sursa> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b13xnFp_LJs 7
Single Board Computer
• sisteme de calcul compacte, pe o singură placă
• de obicei bazate pe System-on-Chip (SoC)
• SoC = CPU + GPU + chipset (uneori și altele)
• platforme de dezvoltare/prototipizare
• tablete/telefoane mobile, router-e wireless,
Chromecast, alte echipamente inteligente
• performanță limitată, răcire defectuoasă
• fun fact: Apple 1 was an SBC ☺
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SBC: Raspberry/Banana/Orange/Rock Pi, Odroid,
Beagle/Minnow/Asus Board, LattePanda, Huawei HiKey...

Sursa: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kajlrr5ybpU 9
Lecția video

Sursa: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kajlrr5ybpU 10
 Google Chromecast 2 – SBC

Sursa:
www.ifixit.com/Teardown/Chromecast+2015+Teardown/50189 11
 Google Home – SBC x2

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Sursa: https://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/Google+Home+Teardown/72684
 Router wireless - SBC BCM49408 SoC
Quad ARM @ 1,8GHz
256M flash, 1G RAM

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Sursa: https://hothardware.com/reviews/asus-rog-rapture-gt-ax11000-router-review
NVR Hikvision DS-7732NI-K4 - SBC Quad ARM@2GHz
2GB RAM

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Raspberry Pi 4 – SBC educațional

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Sursa: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi
La ce putem folosi un Raspi?
• server Linux ieftin (Raspbian, PiDora etc.)
• centrală telefonică - apeluri ext. (USB modem)
• controller de automatizări/casă inteligentă
• controller roboți, senzori, LED-uri, relee, IoT
• router wireless (hostapd), cameră IP, NAS
• server VPN, firewall (cu USB NIC), hacktool
• suportă touch-LCD (panglică sau GPIO), HDMI
• sistem de alertare prin SMS pentru diverse
• centru multimedia, redare Internet streaming
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Raspberry Pi – interfața cu senzorii

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Sursa: https://www.circuitbasics.com/how-to-set-up-the-dht11-humidity-sensor-on-the-raspberry-pi/
import os // import time // import Adafruit_DHT
DHT_SENSOR = Adafruit_DHT.DHT22 // DHT_PIN = 4
try:
f = open('/home/pi/humidity.csv', 'a+')
if os.stat('/home/pi/humidity.csv').st_size == 0:
f.write('Date,Time,Temperature,Humidity\r\n')
except: pass
while True:
humidity, temperature =
Adafruit_DHT.read_retry(DHT_SENSOR, DHT_PIN)
if humidity is not None and temperature is not None:
f.write('{0},{1},{2:0.1f}*C,{3:0.1f}%\r\n'.format(time.strftime('
%m/%d/%y'), time.strftime('%H:%M'), temperature, humidity))
else:
print("Failed to retrieve data from humidity sensor")
time.sleep(30) Sursa: https://pimylifeup.com/raspberry-pi-humidity-sensor-dht22/ 18
Raspberry Pi – interfața cu motoarele

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Sursa: http://www.raspberrypirobotics.com/u-geek-robot-expansion-board-for-raspberry-pi/
 Raspberry Pi – clusters

www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_r3z1jYHAc

www.servethehome.com/oracle-shows-1060-raspberry-pi-
supercomputer-at-oow/

https://www.servethehome.com/bitscop
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e-raspberry-pi-cluster-3000-cores-30u/
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Sursa> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6aLyZisehCU
ARM for the #smartNIC ☺

Sursa: https://www.nextplatform.com/2018/08/06/living-in-the-smartnic-future/ 22
Placa de rețea devine inteligentă

Sursa: https://www.nextplatform.com/2018/08/06/living-in-the-smartnic-future/ 23
 Are viitor un ARM server?

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OPINIE: https://www.extremetech.com/computing/286311-linus-torvalds-claims-arm-wont-win-in-the-server-space
Sursa> https://www.zdnet.com/article/aws-graviton2-what-it-means-for-arm-in-the-data-center-cloud-enterprise-aws/ 25
Apple și evoluția procesoarelor

Sursa: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KtgeS2hhV9U 26
Mac-ul de ieri

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Sursa> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5AwdkGKmZ0I
Mac-ul de mâine – cu M1 ARM

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Sursa> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5AwdkGKmZ0I
 Când o zbura… sistemul de calcul ☺

Sursa: https://i.blackhat.com/USA-19/Wednesday/us-19-Jablonski-Attacking-Electric-Motors-For-Fun-And-Profit.pdf 29
 Sursa> http://www.maxit.my/2017/10/huawei-introduces-kirin-970-
the-worlds-first-ai-processor/

Sursa> https://up-board.org/ai-edge/vision-plus-x/

Sursa>
www.notebookcheck.net/Apple
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-A13-Bionic-SoC.434834.0.html
Microsoft unifică ecosistemul pe platforma ARM

Sursa> www.notebookcheck.net/Dell-likely-to-join-Asus-HP-and-Lenovo-to-bring-
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new-Windows-10-on-ARM-devices.306230.0.html
... iar Apple urmează aceeași strategie

noile generații de Mac cu MacOS BigSur vor fi și cu M1 ARM

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Sursa> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5AwdkGKmZ0I
 33
Sursa> https://wiki.debian.org/SupportedArchitectures
OUYA – vizionară, fără succes comercial

Sursa: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouya 34
BlueStacks doesn’t make you feel blue

Sursa> www.theregister.com/2011/05/26/bluestacks_android_on_windows/ 35
Amuzament - CHDK

Sursa> http://marquisdegeek.com/rnd_chdk.php

Sursa> http://youngtrick.blogspot.com/2011/07/hack-
your-canon-digic-ii-cameras.html
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Q&A
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