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    8 views21 pages

    Lecture 5 Fluid

    Uploaded by

    ahmed01024867927

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    f (Fluid Dynamic Fluid kinematics deals with describing the motion of fluids without necessarily considering the forces and moments that cause the motion. kinematics concerns the study of motion. In fluid dynamics, fluid kinematics is the study of how fluids flow and how to describe fluid motion, Velocity Vector Dynamic Pressure Static Pressure Total Pressure a CamScanner 4 Ws 2 uaall r |The principles of fluid motion| Ideal and Real fluids Path line the actual path traveled by an individual fluid particle over some time period. Fluid particle at t= tua oer Pathline io vy Bee ? act of Fluid particle at t= tag Fluid particle at some intermediate time CamScannéts os & susal Streamline Astreamline is a curve that is everywhere tangent to the instantaneous local velocity vector. Point (x+dyy+dy) Vv CamScanner 73s &sucall Streak line Streak line consists of all particles in a flow that have previously passed through a common point. Streak lines are more of a Wl laboratory tool than an analytical 4-10 Streaklines tool, They can be obtained by _ taking instantaneous photographs _ of marked particles that all passed through a given location in the flow field at some earlier time. ~ CamScanner + lise a: Stream tube consists of a bundle of streamlines much like a communications cable consists of a bundle of fiber- optic cables. Since streamlines are everywhere parallel to the local velocity, fluid cannot cross a streamline by definition. CamScannier 2 lise &sucall Types of Flow Uniform and Non-Uniform Flow Steady and Unsteady flow One- Tow, and Three dimensional flow Comprisable and Jn-Comprisable flow Viscous and In-Viscous flow a CamScanner + \Js &susal Types of Flow Uniform and Non-Uniform Flow Steady and Unsteady flow One- Tow, and Three dimensional flow Comprisable and In-Comprisable flow Viscous and In-Viscous flow Rotational and Ir-Rotational flow Gamscanner+s2 sual > Natural (or Unforced) versus Forced Flow > Internal versus External Flow. Laminar and Turbulent Flow We can verify the existence of these laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow regimes by injecting some dye streaks into the flow in a glass pipe, as the British engineer Osborne Reynolds (1842-1912) did over a century ago. CamScanner bis Ssusall ydraulic Diameter si 4A, Hydraulic diameter: Dia P | _ AnD) Dz Square duct: ja 4a? = oateaa Rectangular duct. |]t_ ta] ab _ _2ab n= Faxty a+b CamScanner Wis Ssusall | Types of Motion or Deformation of Fluid Elements | faim? (a) Translation & >i Pl rotation () (< (b) ee! a. (c) linear strain (sometimes ( ou) i called extensional strain) =< (d) shear strain. (CamScanner 2 Wis streamwise acceleration a, along the streamline and, > normal acceleration a, in the direction normal to the streamline, which is given as a,= VR. > For particles that move along a straight path, a,=0 CamScanner + 2 ssa Acceleration of Fluid Particle Acceleration is zero in steady flow since acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with time CamScanner 2 Wis Ssusall Acceleration of Fluid Particle al _a¥és a P wav V(s, t V=—ds+— pss oe a a In steady flow dV/4t = 0 and thus V = V(s), and the acecleration in the s direction becomes: asd as Pe CamScanner + \is2 suas Acceleration of Fluid Particle reste Acceleration ofa uid particle; Dace = Fae Vote dV Arie Yastictes Aparticler ) Arai Gl dt avd av ae av Wee av Crate AL dL AXide

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