Traditional vaccines are typically made using weakened or inactivated versions of the

disease-causing pathogen or a part of it, such as a protein or a sugar molecule. These

weakened or inactivated pathogens are then introduced into the body, triggering an immune
response that leads to the production of antibodies. These antibodies can then recognize and
fight off the actual pathogen if the person is exposed to it in the future. Examples of
traditional vaccines include the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, the flu vaccine,
and the polio vaccine.

In contrast, genome vaccines, also known as nucleic acid vaccines, work by introducing a
small piece of the pathogen's genetic material, usually DNA or RNA, into the body. This
genetic material contains instructions for the body's cells to produce a specific protein found
on the surface of the pathogen. The immune system then recognizes this protein as foreign
and produces antibodies against it. This approach allows for more precise targeting of the
immune response, and can potentially be faster to develop and easier to produce than
traditional vaccines.

Another key difference is that genome vaccines do not require the pathogen itself to be grown
in large quantities in a lab, as is necessary for traditional vaccines. This can make the
manufacturing process faster and more scalable. However, genome vaccines are a relatively
new technology and have not yet been widely used in humans, so more research is needed to
fully understand their safety and efficacy.

Intellectual property rights: The development and production of vaccines can involve
significant investments of time, resources, and intellectual property. Ensuring that intellectual
property rights are respected while also promoting access and affordability can be a complex
and challenging issue.

Resource allocation: Vaccines are a limited resource, and decisions must be made about how
they will be distributed and prioritized. Factors such as the severity of the disease, the risk of
transmission, and the availability of alternative treatments should be taken into account.

Cultural sensitivity: Cultural beliefs, values, and practices can influence attitudes toward
vaccines and healthcare in general. Healthcare providers and policymakers should be aware
of and respectful of cultural differences when developing and implementing vaccination
programs.

Access and equity: Vaccines must be distributed equitably, without discrimination or

prejudice, and made available to all individuals, regardless of their socioeconomic status,
race, ethnicity, or geographic location.