Republic ofthe Philippines < ‘Western Mindanao State University’ G3) College of Forestry and Environmental Studies (, } FBS 104 (Forest Ecology) ZF Name: RAVPH RURED_G- TRumATA Score Course & Yeo: O6F = Date: Jan, 22,2024 Activity No. 1 ‘Terms used in Forest Ecology Learning Objectives: 1. Identify the terms used in forest ecology. 2. Discuss the differences between forest ecology from ecology. Materials: Books in ecology, pen Methodology: 1. Identify the terms used in forest ecology by providing the answer inthe space provided. 2. Define and discuss the differences between forest ecology from ecology in not least than 50 words. 3. Submit the paper on or before Jan. 29, 2024. Learning output: 1. Identify the terms used in forest ecology. POPULATION SIZE the number of organisms in a given population. (population density) BioLDeIcaL PORPTATIA a reversible physical change in an adapting organism in response to environmental pressures.(biological adaptation) CUMATC AERPTRTION. adaptation toa different climate. (Climatic adaptation) ADAPTaTION how living things change what they do or what they are to survive ina particular environment. (adaptation) ALBEDO. the luminosity shining from a reflective surface. “BUGRE GLOOM explosion of a phytoplankton population, sometimes because of incoming pollutants that artificially enrich the waters with nutrients. AWELOPATHY a type of chemical plant interaction where one plant exudes a chemical substance that inhibits growth and the development of another plant AULOPATRYC SPEGATION. when isolation occurs through geographic separation of populations SEDIMENT LOAD sediment transported by water, usually river or stream water. “BIOIVERSITY the variety of organisms in a given habitat or location. ‘one-sidedly harmful relationship between dissimilar organisms. Arion 2S¢0us compound of nitrogen and hydrogen (NH3) formed as a byproduct ‘when bacteria decompose substances high in nitrogen, ANEMOPHILY seed plants pollinated by the wind ‘originating from within a system, AUTOTROPA an organism that produces its own food. GAGFiL AREA a forest's tree density expressed in square feet. BENTHIC ‘organisms living on the sea floor. oa DIVERSITY variety of organisms occupying a number of different habitats over a region; regional versity -CoMMYNITY__a term equivalent to the biotic component of an ecosystem. GloceOCHEMMCAL C1ARS the great looping and returns of life-giving substances through the environment.BIOMAGNIFICATION process by which pesticides and other substances become more concentrated in each link of the food chain {5 __ weight of living material, usually expressed as dry weight per unit area — the largest ecological regions distinguishable by characteristic plants and animals. €COLWECALSETEM a self-sustaining community of living things, an ecosystem, the environmental influence exerted naturally by living organisms. Sone ForamAL_ a population's maximum production rate given idcal surroundings and resourees. ‘oIoNe EreAMPeNT an environmentally uniform arca; the physical aspect of an ecosystem, MARSH, marshy land covered by shrugs and mosses. haeyiNg GeRCITY the maximum population an ecosystem can support ofa given species -CRNOPY GAP _ the formation of gaps in a forest by the fall of a dominant or emergent tree {ung an even sh community adapted oy seasons the culminating stage of plant succession in a given ecosystem. costarne reais ‘gradient of variations in a species that stretches across a geographical location. (CLOSED S¥STEM _ one that exchanges energy, but not matter, between itself and its environment, ¢.g. Earth. ‘SPEUES INTERACT interactions between species that impact how both evolve. SEMMENTS __ mixed deposits of soil materials and rock fragments accumulated near the base ‘Of steep slopes through soil creep, landslides and local surface runoff. conaeysfeis_ relationship between species that is beneficial to one, but neutral or of no benefit to the other. ‘where one species competes another into extinction ‘CONTINENTAL DRT the theory that continents are mobile rather than fixed. —ConTiNyum subtle gradations in plant or animal communities within an ecosystem. [RROITAT GoRRioge a narrow connection between two patches of suitable habitat DEcomPboseRS organisms that utilize dead plant or animal material for food and that release the ‘Component elements to the environment, thus contributing to circulation of these elements in the ecosystem. PorULAmien pesrythe number of individual plant, plant parts of animals of one or more species of cone area; the reciprocal of sample area density is termed mean area. PENSITY OeeNDENT factor whose intensity of action is governed by population density. —_hummyS decomposing organic matter. DETRItIVORE ___an organism that eats detritus. Discumax, a stable community other than the climate or edaphic climax, which is maintain ue to the interference of man of his domestic animals, GeoGRAPHIC OIsBUNAtthe area occupied by population of a species, i.e. the geographic distribution orrange. _AuoGeENic control within a community over environmental conditions influencing associated species by one or several species. Pruners cuzecsiat denoting initial establishment and growth of vegetation in early succession. ECOCUNE series of biotypes, which in a species that shows a genetic gradient correlated with gradual environment gradient. JO. RULE___the percentage of useful energy that passes from one trophic level in a food chain to another. a.oaicAL Eeuavetacsspecies that live far apart but in similar niches and ecosystems. ‘ECoLoGICAL PyEeMApS graphical representations of tropic structures in which the first or producer level forms the base and successive levels the tiers that make up the apex. ECOLOGY __ study ofthe relation of organism or group of organisms to their environment. _Ecorone the transitional zone between adjacent biotic communities, often with unique nutrients and ‘ecological relationships. EWTOPE __ the smallest ecologically distinctive area within a landscape lassification system. __EtoTYPE _a genetically differentiated subpopulation evolved to remain within its habitat 0G EFFECT the unique properties in an ecotone (plant variety, animal density, biological diversity), the zone where two communities mect. EWvIgTION __movement of humus, chemical substances, and mineral particles from the upper layers of a soil to lower layers by the downward movement of water through the soil profile. {MIGRATION movement of part of @ population permanently out of an area —__ restricted toa given region. “ENTROPY disorder or unproductive energy ina given system. It tends to increase overtime.EQUIUERIUM TuRNBVER KATE change in species composition per unit time when immigration ‘equals extinction. EVTROPRICRTION_a gradual nutrient enrichment that increases organic matter production, as with a ake that absorbs waves of nutrient runoff. EVENNESS degree of equitability in the distribution of individuals among group of species. BloLoGIcAL EVoLUTIoW adaptive changes in the genetic characteristics of a population over time. |GRRLING foo0 GAN the path of food energy transfer from green plants (primary producers) to grazers (primary consumers), omnivores and carnivores (secondary consumers), and to their predators (top camivores). F000 Weg the interconnection ofall food chains in an ecosystem. FREQUENCY an estimate of the change of finding individuals of species within a sample area of a Particular size and shape. FuvonmenrpL NicHe for a given species, the ideal range of suitable conditions without competition or predators. __GRP___ opening made in a forest canopy by some small disturbance that influences the development of vegetation beneath. AWEUSM the proliferation of alleles (different versions of the same gene) across populations Generic URATI genetic variability found in a population due to the genetic combinations of its individuals. \GENENG DRIFT along with natural selection, a key evolutionary process, whereby the frequency of certain genes varies randomly in a given population rather than being pushed by natural selection. Cocgapwien. tree geographical limits ofthe ecologist range; geographic extent of actual occurrences of a species. —_GRAp\eNT__a gradual of an environment factor in space. NET PRInARY PfooutMMNencrgy fixed pert unit area by photosynthetic activity of plants before respiration —HAGITRT___ the kind of place where a population lives. evo — ris hat at pats. HeTEROTROPH an organism that cannot produce its own food and so must get it from other organisms. Howenore meee principle that an environment acts as a whole unit because of lack of barriers to the interaction ofits component factors, applicable also to an ecosystem. Home Ree an area that an animal regularly frequents. enengr16 the eden for bilgi system resist change and to remain ina ste of equbrum, ‘oxpesarion — the ongoing transformation of water in the biosphere from ocean water evaporation to clouds, rain, groundwater and runof, storage in organisms, et. until is return to the oceans. Svea accumulation of soil materials (clay, humus, iron, etc.) leached from one soil layer or horizon into another. AmaogivizArion _the tendency withholding of energy or nutrient from the organic cycle; cf. mineralization and mobilization. (MMERATION arrival of new individuals into a habitat or population. WweoRtauke VeWE sum of relative density, relative dominance, and relative frequency of a species in a community. \wreesreune corfeninad setween individuals of different species. betreseeanic conPeTina between individuals of same species. {Suing poseoeraeHy_study of distribution of organisms and community structure on islands. LAKE exossrens still water (pond, lake, etc.); also, organisms living in it. flowing water, as in a river or stream, MicfocumAre the climate of small locales. “RusAaTioN shifting of home range usually concerted and directional, and often over a Considerable distance, in response to seasonal or other periodic changes in the environment. ‘MoveR HUMYS type of forest humus layer in which plant fragments and mineral particles form loose netlike structures held together by a chain of small arthropod droppings. MOR WAYS type of forest humus layer of unincorporated organic matter usually matted, compacted, or both and distinct from mineral soil [FULL Hons humus that contains appreciable amounts of mineral bases and forms a humus-rich layer of forested soil consisting of mixed organic and mineral mater. MurpnoN __a random change in one or more genes of an organism. NiKL HYPOTHESIS hypothesized situation in which two populations have no effect on each other at al. NET GoHsrEM PFoncTEN accumulation of total biomass over a given period of time after respiration is deducted from gross production in plants and from assimilated energy in consumer organisms.an organism's role, function, or position in an ecosystem. ‘WoreuenttunG_the cycling of nutrient through the environment an is inhabitants from Soil to plants to animals and back to sol —OBUGRTE_a species confined toa narrow range of conditions “—OravoRE an organism that eats both plants and animals. te flow of energy or materials through the ecosystem that results from the activites itis ‘Useful to separate energy flow, nutrient cycle, water cycle and carbon cycle. Perch —__arrelatively homogenous arca that differs from its surroundings. ‘Weregortop#S an organism that obtains nutrients through the ingestion of solid organic matter. the external features of vegetation. Paina frandNON_ Production of biomass by photosynthetic and chemosynthetic autotrophs. “ProoveTiyrry the rate at which a group of organisms produces biomass. obligatory relation that is beneficial to both populations Se dlagra showing the flow of energy through the tropic levels ofa fod chain or web, PrRRNG 9oF ENERGY diagrammatic representation of the flow of energy through different trophic level. FYRAPIO_OF APES diagrammatic representation of the number of individual organisms present at each trophic level in an ecosystem. “Richness __ the number of diverse species occupying a particular area, ‘SheRoTeoPHh___organism which gets its energy from non-living organic matter. UNDERGROWTH _small or low bushes or trees. -ommunity composed of a mosaic of patches, each ina phase of suecessional development. SNAG ‘ree that's dead but stil standing. the evolution of a new species SPEQES ARER GAVE species richness tends to increase in roomier arcas. ___extinction caused by some random environmental event. ‘Secession the gradual replacement of one plant community by another. ‘UUALSM a mutually beneficial relationship between two species. ‘Svinerfc sPEvATINthe division of one species into two, but in the same geographical locale. SYNUSIAL Jife forms of similar niches, which form the forest community. TERRITORY __ the area defended by an individual animal, pai, or family group against other members of the species (and sometimes against of other species), particularly during the breeding season. ‘TROPHIC LEVELS functional classification of organisms in an ecosystem according to feeding relationships from first-level autotrophs through succeeding levels of herbivores and carnivores. ‘Foon ciifin___refers to the way in which organisms utilize food resources and hence where energy transfer ‘occurs within an ecosystem, 2.Define and discuss the differences between forest ecology from ‘ecology.