CHPATER -1

INTRODUCTION
"The nature of technology is queer. With one hand it gives you wonderful things, while with
the other it stabs you in the back
Technology is taking over people's lives these days, and the phrase has become national
conversation. Modern people have used technological advancements to make their lives
easier and more reasonable and flexible so they can meet new problems and remain
compatible with the rest of the world. Such cell phones have ingrained themselves deeply
into our daily lives. Additionally, it has evolved into a distinctly personal thing. The use of
mobile phones has increased dramatically over the past 15 years due to their utility in social
and professional settings. In addition to being used for communication, mobile phones are
also used for other purposes, such as playing games, listening to music, and accessing social
media sites, which can help users meet new people and feel less alone. As a result, mobile
phones have become an integral part of the lives of their owners. Both a person's social life
and health may suffer as a result of homophobia. Furthermore, it is bad in any case because it
is a phobia. We now rely heavily on using our mobile phones to stay in touch with our loved
ones around-the-clock due to the exponential increase in mobile connections across the globe.
As stated by Cromer A mobile phone is only a portable electronic device used for digital
communication. Due to the numerous features and apps made possible by the modern
operating system, mobile phone owners and subscribers may now stay in touch with their
friends and family. The most common equipment in the world today is an information and
communication technology, which in this case refers to mobile phones. It has developed
incredibly quickly in recent years. Regarding the problems raised, mobile phones have
evolved into more than just a tool for communication; they now sit at the crossroads of two
rapidly expanding industries: consumer electronics and computers and new media functions.1

In contrast to other communication technologies, mobile phones have

dramatically piqued the interest of young people due to their constant availability and
mobility applications. They have also made communication possible from anywhere at any
time, and individuals can be available and responsive online 24/7 with the help of short
message services. However, chatting requires a computer, an internet connection, and the
interaction of two people, none of whom may be online at the same time. It has recently been
suggested that internet and modern communication tool addiction is a mental illness. For the
first time, Gulberg introduced the term "Internet addiction disorder" (16) to describe the traits
of Internet users and highlight some of their own issues.2
Nomophobia, or the dread of not having a cell phone, is literally translated as
"no mobile phobia." When someone is disconnected from the internet, loses their equilibrium,
or worse, runs out of battery, they become nervous, which has a negative impact on their
ability to concentrate. A personal diary, email dispatcher, calculator, video game player,
camera, and music player are just a few of the many features that have made mobile phones
seem to have evolved from a status symbol to a need in recent years.3
 Mobile consumer devices are seeing a convergence of computation and
communication that will eventually lead to interoperability and the ability to use services and
features from all industries. Smartphones are the top gadgets in this convergence process,
taking the lead and acting as a mobile terminal that can be used anywhere. The term
"smartphone," which refers to a new class of mobile phones with integrated services from the
communication, computing, and mobile sectors, including voice communication, messaging,
personal information management (PIM) applications, and wireless communication
capability, was introduced to the market as a marketing gimmick. A smartphone is, in
actuality, a mobile phone with sophisticated functions and capabilities that go beyond
standard features like texting and making calls. The features of a smartphone include the
ability to send and receive email, view photos, play games, record videos, navigate, record
audio and video, have built-in apps for social media websites, surf the web, use wireless
Internet, and much more. For the same reasons that made were first meant only for business
use, smartphones have now become a popular choice for consumers as well as for usage in
the workplace According to recent surveys, the general people is becoming more and more
familiar with smartphones at a faster rate than corporations. At first, smartphones were
thought to be only for usage in the workplace.4

Before the invention of the telephone, people could communicate via pigeons, letters,
and eventually telegraphs.1. Mobile phones are the primary means of wireless
communication in the modern day. Nowadays, everyone needs access to email and the
internet in order to stay in touch with friends, family, and business associates. Technological
advancements entirely reversed the trend, enabling mobile phones to function as game
devices, data storage devices, cameras, and music players. Global technology and its
developments have a significant impact on every person's life. Nowadays, it's common for
society to accept any advancements made in communication technology. The modern era has
been blessed with mobile phones. A new word for the fear of being without a cell phone is
nomophobia. People experience severe anxiety, particularly teenagers, in the event that they
misplace their cell phone, run out of credit or battery, or have reduced network service.
Individuals who suffer from nomophobia never turn off their phones, take them with them to
bed, and never leave their phones alone, even for a brief period of time. Additionally, those
who suffer from nomophobia will always keep a backup phone in case their primary one
breaks. If their partner saw their texts and messages, these people would become quite upset,
which would cause issues in their social and familial lives. Concerned about the safety of
their phones, they won't be able to5
Nomophobia is the irrational dread of not having a cell phone or of not being able to
use one for whatever reason (e.g., no signal, low battery life, or running out of minutes). The
illogical fear of losing your smartphone or not being able to use it for whatever reason—like
a dead battery, no signal, or running out of minutes—is known as nomophobia. The phrase
"no-mobile-phone phobia" was first used in a 2008 study by the UK Post Office, which hired
YouGov to assess the anxiety that comes with owning a mobile phone. According to the
study, over 53% of British mobile phone users report feeling nervous when they "lose their
cell phone, run out of credit or battery, or lack network service. According to the survey,
which included 2,163 participants, over 58% of men and 47% of women have the phobia, and
9% of people experience stress when their phones are off. According to 55% of those asked,
their primary cause of anxiety when they are unable to use their phones is wanting to stay in
touch with friends or family.6
The study found that the stress levels brought on by a typical incidence of nomophobia
were comparable to those caused by "wedding day jitters" and dental visits. Over 50% of
people who are nomophobia never turn off their phones. Two editorial articles written by the
author of the study were produced as a result of the phobia's coverage and investigation.
based on the criteria for inclusion and exclusion. 54.5% of the participants were female
(79/145), while 45.5% of the participants were male (66/145). 17.9% of the students reported
having mild phobia, 60% had moderate phobia, and 22.1% had severe phobia. The percentage
of males with moderate and severe homophobia was found to be 56.06% and 24.24%,
respectively, whereas the percentage of females with moderate and severe homophobia was
63.25% and 20.25%, respectively. Fear of noses7

"We spend more time taking selfies these days than we do learning about
ourselves." —
Up to the telephone revolution, messages could be sent via pigeons, letters, and eventually
telegraphs. We are living in an era of wireless communication via cell phones. These days,
using email and internet connectivity to stay in touch with friends and family is a must for
everyone. Technology breakthroughs entirely reversed the trend, enabling mobile phones to
function as game devices, data repositories, cameras, and music players .Globally, technology
and its advancements are extremely important to people's lives. Adapting to any advancement
in communication technology is the newest social trend. The invention of mobile phones is a
modern godsend. Mobile phones have become a vital component of society and are seen as
essential communication tools. It serves as both a necessary social adornment and a tool for
communication. Modern terminology defines nomophobia as the fear of8

study evaluated the adaptability of college students and its implications because it has a
big impact on their growth. Additionally, Yang et al. discovered a strong correlation between
coping style and adaptability. The same results, according to Xie et al., indicated that
students' adaptability in the classroom could be a strong indicator of their academic success.
Chen and others found that college students' levels of life satisfaction and mental health
symptoms like despair and anxiety might be strongly impacted by adaptability. All things
considered, flexibility may have a role in the development of early adulthood. Scholars have
conducted a thorough investigation into the correlations between adaptability and mobile
phone usage, revealing a strong relationship between the two. Using a conventional
regression model, Meghan et al. demonstrated that adaptability was a significant predictor of
social media and mobile addiction. This conclusion was also corroborated by other research
that used other datasets in their investigations. Numerous research on mobile phone addiction
have been done, yet neither the DSM-V nor the ICD-11 have any widely accepted criteria or
symptoms for mobile phone addiction. The idea of being dependent on a mobile phone was
gradually abandoned and replaces9
 When someone has a fear of being cut off from the mobile phone community, it's
referred to as nomophobia, or NO MOBILE PHONE PHOBIA. Since most teenagers use cell
phones, they frequently experience anxiety when their phones are lost, run out of battery
power, or are not connected to a network, all of which have an adverse effect on their ability
to focus. When someone overuses their phone, a number of psychological aspects are taken
into consideration, such as low self-esteem, an outgoing personality, nomophobia brought
on by addiction to mobile phones, or pre-existing anxiety disorders.10
The illogical fear of not having a mobile phone or of not being able to use one for any
reason—such as a lost signal, low battery life, or running out of minutes—is known as
nomophobia. The illogical fear of not having a mobile phone or of not being able to use one
for any reason—such as a lost signal, low battery life, or running out of minutes—is known
as nomophobia. The UK Post Office commissioned a study in 2008 that is credited with
coining the term "no-mobile-phone phobia . "The government is assessing the anxiety that
smartphone users experience. According to the survey, over 53% of British mobile phone
users report feeling nervous when they "lose their11
Smartphone, low on credit or battery, or no network connectivity. According to the
survey, which included 2,163 participants, over 58% of men and 47% of women have the
phobia, and 9% of people experience stress when their phones are off. The primary reason
given by 55% of respondents for their anxiety when they are unable to use their phones is
the want to stay in touch with friends and family. The study found that the stress levels
brought on by a typical incidence of nomophobia were comparable to those brought on by
dental visits and "wedding day jitters." More than half of those who suffer from nomophobia
never turn off their phones. Two editorial pieces were written as a result of the study and
the phobia's following media publicity.12
Today, technology is a dominant force in people's lives and has become a national
conversation topic. Modern people have used technological advancements to make their
lives easier and more reasonable so they can face future difficulties and adapt to a global
environment. Such cell phones have ingrained themselves deeply into our daily lives. It has
also evolved into a distinctly individual piece.13
Due to its many uses in both work and personal life, mobile phones have become
increasingly popular over the past 15 years. In addition to being used for communication,
people also use them for gaming, music listening, and social networking on the internet,
which can help people feel less alone and make new friends. As a result, mobile phones have
become an integral part of the lives of those who own them.14
An individual's social life and health might both suffer from nomophobia. Furthermore, it
is bad in any case because it is a phobia. We now rely heavily on using our mobile phones to
stay in touch with our loved ones due to the exponential increase in mobile connections
around the globe.24 x 7
As stated by Cromer A mobile phone is only a portable electronic device used for digital
communication. Thanks to the many features and apps offered by the sophisticated
operating system, mobile phone owners and subscribers may stay in touch with their friends
and family. Mobile phones, or information and communication technology, have developed
so quickly in the modern era that they are currently the most widely used device worldwide.
Concerning the issues raised, mobile phones have evolved into not just a tool for
communication but also a platform that sits at the nexus of two rapidly expanding industries:
consumer electronics and new media functions such as computers.15
Global mobile phone subscriptions have increased from 12.4 million to over 5.6 billion
in the last 20 years, covering about 70% of the world's population. Due to numerous reports
of physical and mental health risks in people of all ages, its use has also grown to be a
significant public health concern. The World Health Organisation said on May 31, 2011, that
using a cell phone is in fact a health risk and that mobile phone radiation is a carcinogenic
danger that may cause cancer in people.16

NEED FOR STUDY

People who suffer from a psychiatric illness where they dread losing their connection
to their mobile phones are said to have NOMOPHOBIA, or NO Mobile Phone Phobia.
Nomophobia, a form of cell phone addiction, has taken hold among young people who use
phones. It is characterised by an insatiable need to play games, send emails or texts to pals,
obtaining images and music Miki Tanikawa (International Herald Tribune) said.
Poyrazgurson (2014) The term "NO-Mobile phones PHOBIA" literally describes
nomophobia. It's a form of phobia, or the fear of misplacing a cell phone; fear is an
instinctive sensation that both humans and animals experience in response to possible danger.
When people can't find their phones in this situation, they just feel afraid and uneasy since
they think their lives could be in danger.

Mobile phones are designed to make life easier for people, but if they are also contributing to
a decline in people's health, then that is undoubtedly not a good sign. We frequently witness
elderly adults asking their kids to stay away from smartphones. A study conducted in 2004 by
the Boston Medical College on families eating at restaurants revealed that one-third of the
family members were occupied with a mobile phone during the meal. In 1999, a survey on
mobile phone use was conducted in California, USA, in public places such as restaurants,
metro stations, and schools. This study found that 90% of respondents argued.
Globally. There were about 15 billion mobile devices in use globally as of this writing, up
from slightly over 14 billion the year before. It is anticipated that there will be 18.22 billion
mobile devices by 2025, up 4.2 billion from 2020 levels.
India: According to Secretary Chandra of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting,
India has 600 million smart phone users and over 1.2 billion mobile phone users.
Karnataka: reports the fewest users of mobile internet. Karnataka has the lowest mobile
internet penetration rate in the nation, with only 9.3% of users coming from there. The
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India has reported that Karnataka has 9.3% of the nation's
mobile internet subscribers, which is a record.
A descriptive study to evaluate dental students' use of mobile phones. to evaluate pupils'
academic achievement in relation to their mobile phone usage habits. Using a self-
administered questionnaire, a cross-sectional study of 554 students at D. J. College of Dental
Sciences and Research was carried out to gather information on cell phone usage and related
anxiety. Roughly 39.5% of students concurred that if they use their phones more during
exams, they perform poorly on professional exams. Twenty-seven percent of students
reported often checking their phones in class or when working in a clinical setting. It was
discovered that 24.12% of the pupils were40.97% of people reported being nomophobic or at
danger of becoming so. Regarding the use of mobile phones and their impact on preclinical,
clinical, intern, and postgraduate students, a statistically significant difference was
discovered. The use of mobile phones by dentistry students revealed a concerning trend that
suggests a problem with smartphone addiction, which has a detrimental effect on academic
performance. Educating the students on responsible and restricted cell phone use will be
beneficial.

According to a 2012 research on mobile users in America, 94% of respondents worry about
losing their phone; when asked to choose the emotion they most associated with losing their
phone, 73% said they felt "panicked," and 14% said they felt "hopeless." 72% of respondents
said there was very little chance they would ever put their phones down and walk five feet
away from them. In 2010, another survey conducted in Sweden found that 23% of males and
34% of women Using mobile phones excessively disrupted sleep, and more than 30% of
women reported experiencing one or more depressive symptoms.
Nomophobia typically affects younger people, those between the ages of 18 and 24.
College students that fall into the 18–24 age range are also considered to be part of the
younger generation. College students suffer from nomophobia because they yearn for
constant interaction with their friends and family. Due to their strong attachment and
socialisation demands, this group of people is exposed to a wider
In Europe, 80% of individuals between the ages of 15 and 24 reported routinely
using a mobile phone. This indicates that mobile phone use has permeated the lives of
teenagers, with college students between the ages of 18 and 24 likely owning at least one of
these devices. Because of the sophisticated design and increased functionality of mobile
phones, they are now much more user-friendly and convenient for users. Today's mobile
phones are more accessible in every way, particularly for young people and college students,
in terms of creativity, security, entertainment, lifestyle, health, education, productivity, and
use for texting and making calls. Consequently, young people and college students have
become increasingly dependent on their phones to stay in touch with friends, the newest
trends, and
Parker
(2013) noted that the rise in mobile technology addiction has led to a 13% increase in
nomophobia since four years ago. 53% of mobile phone users in the UK participated in a
survey that demonstrated the prevalence of nomophobia as a modern phenomena.
Hought (2012) Typically, nomophobia affects younger people, those between the ages of 18
and 24. The term "younger group," which includes those between the ages of 18 and 24, also
includes college students who fit into this age range. College students are suffering from
nomophobia because they want to stay in constant communication with their friends and
family. This group of individuals has high attachment demands during socialisation, which
lead to the potential to develop nomophobia. According to study, 77% of adults between the
ages of 18 and 24 have a phobia of strangers.
García-Montes
(2012) In Europe, 80% of individuals between the ages of 15 and 24 routinely used mobile
phones, indicating that the usage of mobile phones has permeated the lives of youth. College
students between the ages of 18 and 24 are likely among those who own a phone. Due to the
sophisticated design and increased functionality of mobile phones, they have become
incredibly user-friendly and convenient for users. Today's mobile phones are more accessible,
particularly for young people and college students, in terms of creativity, security,
entertainment, lifestyle, health, education, productivity, and use for texting and making calls
(McGregor, 2009). As a result, young people and college students have become increasingly
dependent on their phones to stay up to date on the newest trends. In a research published in
2011, Smith and Prendergast found that 99.8% of undergraduate students at Ball State
University utilised their phones for computational needs other than communication. The Ball
State journalism professor and director of the university's Institute for Mobile Media
Research, Hanley, has discovered that the number of college students using their phones has
almost doubled in a single year in this mobile-driven era

According to Hack (2012), a cell phone is now a standard component of a college student's
mobile Ninety percent of college students use their phones in the classroom. In addition, 88%
of the college attendees had texted during the lecture. Of these, 54% said that messaging
someone on a mobile device helps to keep connections alive. According to 75% of college
students, the development and use of smartphones has undoubtedly made their lives easier.
Dixit and associates (2013) The symptoms of nomophobia include the inability to turn off
cell phones, the need to respond or answer any incoming calls or texts right away, the
compulsive need to check cell phones for updates on incoming calls, texts, or emails, anxiety
when cell phones are lost or left somewhere, panic attacks when credit runs out or the battery
runs out, insecurity when cell phones are lost or left somewhere, and demotivation when cell
phone reception is poor.

As stated by Campos (2014), homophobia Our everyday lives are now greatly impacted by
cell phone mobility, yet for many people, maintaining a connection is becoming a major
obsession. Moreover, a sizable portion of respondents, 66%, admitted to having
"nomophobia." This figure is higher than that of a comparable research conducted four years
prior, which found that 53% of respondents said they were afraid of losing their cell phone.
According to a survey published in the Indian Journal of Community, nine out of ten
respondents under the age of thirty acknowledge to experiencing "nomophobia," or the
modern-day phobia of not owning a mobile phone. The societies of India, the United
Kingdom, the United States, China, Japan, the Arab world, and other nations are being
attacked by homophobia in the twenty-first century. In fact, people now view their mobile
phones as an integral part of their lives and a communication culture, leading to an unhealthy
and over-reliance on them.

Nomophobia—the dread of being without a cell phone—seems to be rapidly on the rise in the
UK. Nomophobia was originally recognised in 2008. Two thirds of respondents to a recent
One Poll survey of 1,000 employed individuals said they worry about misplacing or
forgetting their cell phone. According to a global leader of Token less study, 41% of those
surveyed own two or more phones in an attempt to stay connected. Nearly half of those
questioned claimed they would not be offended if their partner glanced at the texts and
messages on their phone.

According to our continuing research, 45% of study participants suffer from nomophobia.
These people are between the ages of 18 and 30, live in cities, and use their phones for more
than three hours per day. Twenty percent of the research population in our initial 2009 survey
of medical college students showed nomophobia."

According to a survey published in the Indian Journal of Community, nine out of ten
respondents under the age of thirty acknowledge to experiencing "nomophobia," or the
modern-day phobia of not owning a mobile phone.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

An essential first stage in the creation of any research project is the review of the
literature. It aids the investigator in assessing the body of knowledge on the subject and
outlines the investigation techniques employed in previous work, including their advantages
and disadvantages. It provides a comprehensive insight.

A Crosss sections study examined the growing problem of nomophobia in healthcare

facilities. Evaluate the frequency of. Students in their first year of MBBS who exhibit
nomophobia. Pune City is the study area. From December 2015 to February 2016. A study
involving all first-year MBBS students was conducted. Data were gathered using a pre-tested
and predesigned questionnaire. Data were statistically analysed using SPSS v20 and basic
proportions. A total of 145 pupils were observed in accordance with the inclusion and
exclusion standards. Of all the participants, 66 (45.5%) were men and 79 (79.5%) were
women. 17.9% of students reported having mild phobias, 60.0% had moderate phobias, and
22.1% had severe phobias. In males, the percentages with moderate and severe phobia were
56.06% and 24.24%, respectively, whereas in females, the percentages with moderate and
severe phobia were as well as responsible cell phone use.

An essential first stage in the creation of any research project is the review of the literature. It
aids in the investigator's analysis of the body of knowledge regarding the subject and
provides a description of the research techniques employed in previous studies, including
their successes and failures. It provides a general knowledge of the issue.
Researchers nearly seldom carry out their work in a vacuum; rather, they often do so within
the framework of previously acquired knowledge (Polit and Hungler 2005).

A review of the literature is crucial to gaining the knowledge and perspective required to
create a conceptual framework that the problem fits into and to construct the instrument.
The following headings are used to arrange the review:
PART-A: Review of the literature on the incidence of nomophobia
PART B: A review of the literature on level of nomophobia
PART C: Review of the literature on the treatment of phobias

PART-A: Review of the literature on the incidence of nomophobia

According to PEDRERO PEREZ et al. (2013), scientists are relieved about the existing level
of information regarding cell phone addiction and abuse. A search was conducted. employing
the terms "mobile phone," "cellular telephones," "addiction," and "abuse" in global databases,
with an emphasis on prevalence research, diagnostic exams, correlations with psychological
characteristics, and gender disparities. As a result, the estimated prevalence varies, ranging
from 0 to 38%. It's surprising to see that more people self-identify as addicted to cell phones
than the studies' own estimates of prevalence.
The term "secure nvoy" was first used in the United Kingdom in 2013. It was discovered that
two-thirds of mobile phone users experience anxiety when they misplace their phone, run out
of battery power, or are in an area without network coverage. The study's findings indicated
that younger persons (20 to 49 years old) have a higher likelihood of having nomophobia, and
that in the past four years, the percentage of cases has risen from 50% to 66%.
Moran, Andrew (2013) According to a study, two thirds experience nomophobia, or the fear
of misplacing a phone. According to a recently released study, there may be a new fear on the
increase world wide.People who use public transportation, go out to eat, or even just stroll
down the street may appear to be completely enamoured with and dependent on their phones
—perhaps a bit too much. One Poll was used in a recent study by digital password specialist
Secur Envoy, which discovered that 66 percent of working people with cell phones are
experiencing nomophobia, or the fear of misplacing or going without one.

Parker (2012) noted that the rise in mobile technology addiction has led to a 13% increase in
the number of nomophobic people since four years ago. 53% of mobile phone users in the
UK participated in a survey that demonstrated the prevalence of nomophobia as a modern
phenomena.

PART B: A review of the literature on mobile addiction

According to KULAK et al. (2014), mobile phone usage has surged globally during the past
ten years, particularly among teenagers. to investigate the function of a cell phone in students'
lives, indications of addiction, and potential disparities in phone use between Polish and
Belarusian pupils. There were 227 students from Poland and 160 students from Belarus in the
study.We employed an organised approach to administer the mobile phone addiction test. In
all, 22.9% of the pupils and 10.4% of students from Belarus exhibited signs of addiction to
mobile phones.

A study by JAYANTI P ACHARYA et al. (2013) examined some of the common health
effects of cell phones among college students of both sexes, ages 17 to 23, from both urban
and rural backgrounds. Cell phone users were chosen at random. A self-administered, pre-
tested questionnaire was given to them, which contained questions about a few frequent
negative health effects—both physical and mental—that are linked to cell phone use. It was
to be expected that nearly every participant (96.1%) had a cell phone and used it for the
majority of the day. The most frequent symptom was found to be headache (51.47%),
followed by irritability/anger (50.79%). Additional frequent mental health complaints
included anxiety, sleeplessness, and poor academic performance due to lack of focus. Body
aches (32.19%), eye strain (36.51%), and digital thumb (13.8%) are among the physical
symptoms. In 2012, 155 female and 43 male nursing college students in Osaka were given a
comprehensive explanation of the study's objective along with a self-report version of the
Cronbach's 2012A Mobile phone Dependence Questionnaire. The analyses that follow
concentrate on the female population. 132 (85.2%) of the female students who were selected
as participants completed every item on the surveys. The subjects ranged in age from 18 to 49
years old, with a mean age of 24.5 [or] 5.7 years. The participants' dependence on mobile
phones was assessed using their answers to the 20 self-rated questions about using mobile
phones in the Mobile phone Dependence Questionnaire. A Likert scale (0, 1, 2, 3) was used to
score each response, and the Likert ratings for The total of each item was then added up to
produce a numerical score representing the overall dependence on mobile phones, which
ranged from 0 to 60. Higher scores denoted greater dependence. Using the Toda et al.
method, the internal consistency and factor validity were verified. The Mobile phone
Dependence Questionnaire's Cronbach's coefficient in the current study sample was 0.86,
meaning that the questionnaire was internally consistent enough to measure mobile phone
dependence.
JAHANSHIR TAVAKOLIZADEH et al. in a 2013 study. Cross-sectional study: Seven
hundred university students answered the GHQ-28 mobile phone addiction scale and the
demographic information form. Using the Chi-square test, student t-test, and ANOVA at the
significant level of P < 0.05, the data were analysed using SPSS-18 software. The percentage
of pupils who used their phones excessively was 36.7%. The frequency of excessive mobile
phone use was significantly correlated with mental health status overall (P > 0.05),
somatization (P < 0.05), and anxiety and depression in particular (P < 0.05).

A. Szpakow [2013].The primary study focused on assessing the risk of smartphone addiction
among university students in Belarus. There were 160 Belarusian students in the study. We
employed the self-structure scale and the cell phone addiction test. Most of the pupils had cell
phones when was administered. Of the pupils, 68.8% believed that there would be negative
consequences. of a cell phone. Approximately one-third of the participants stated that cell
phones ought to be turned off in theatres (30%) and churches (33.8%). 28.8% of the students
were able to define nonophobia. The majority of participants (71.9%) have never turned off
their phones. The percentage of students exhibiting signs of cell phone addiction was just
10.4%.
The societies of India, the United Kingdom, the United States, China, Japan, the Arab
world, and other nations are being attacked by homophobia in the twenty-first century. In
fact, people now view their mobile phones as an integral part of their lives and a
communication culture, leading to an unhealthy and over-reliance on them.

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Nomophobia among Nursing Students of selected Nursing Colleges in Mysore. Int. J. Nur.
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