acute

grave
circumflex
smooth breathing
rough breathing
vowels
consonants

child
garden
nurse
wood

sign
neck, crest
wave
help
flower
seat
temple
board, drawing
body
rose
yellow
please
thank you
today
to be tired
farewell
plain
meadow
snow
hill
cloud
wing

nest
chick
εgg
round
yolk, pale, yellow
croak

boil
to have one's nest

branch, twig

cluck

cold

οpen
snout, beak, face
low
maybe
αss

foul, ugly

close
seat
τake the second meal
βreakfast
βowl
βunch of grapes

αfternoon
γo to and fro

πiece, portion

reed
chalk
small tablet

wood, beam
wooden
μixture of wax and pitch
τo smooth, polish
λine, chapter
σtaff, stick
glad, pleased
sad
εar
νeck, throat

οn each side

σhoulder
βack
finger

πain
σuffer, feel pain
weak, sick
αddress, exhortation
spit
βosom, lap
λull, put to sleep
σlander, envy
λid, cover; drink

βlood
μode of life
πour

πurify, cleanse

γarment, frock
σandals
δew
λeg

head, top

stretch out, spread

eyebrow
εyelid
face
nose
cutting

lip
σense, perception
τaste
τouch

arm
corner, angle
ιndex-finger
βack
βreast
τhigh
heel

ὀροφή
ἀγένειος
πυγμή
πάλη
ἑστίασις
παννυχίς

ἑδώλιον
βαλβίς
τέρμα
ἅλμα
ἄκων
πύξ
ἀξίνη
φρύγανον

χοῖρος
πύελος

κοΐζω
γρυλίζω
τρώγω
θερίζω
ἀκμή
δρέπανον
φέγγω
ὕει
ἀστραπή
χθές

οἰκίσκος
ψιττακός
κάρυον
πίθηκος
χλαῖνα
πιέζω
βλαύτη
κόκκος
ὕπτιος
δροίτη

σπάργανον
γαλήνη
σκυθρωπός
τᾶν
οὔριος

ῥάχις
κάνεον
πορθμός
δέος
ὀρρωδία
πρύμνα
ὀκέλλω
εὐδοκιμέω
αὐτομολέω

GCSE 1

ἆθλον

« Demosthenes (384-322 BC). Each city-state in Greece had its own laws
and customs, and the Greeks looked with interested curiosity at the laws
of their neighbours. The conservatism of Locrian institutions stands in
remarkable contrast to Demosthenes’ own city of Athens, »
βρόχος
ἔπαινος
ἐνιαυτός

ἀκριβῶς
γάμος
ξηραίνω

λίμνη
χελώνη

ἔλαφος
κλάδος
κῶλον
ἐρῆμος

ἀκτή
κυλίνδω
ὀξύνω
σκύτινος
δεσμεύω

« Alexander (356–323 BC) became in his short life the

greatest general in Greek history. His father Philip II, king of Macedon
in the northern mountains, had made himself leader (almost dictator) of
the Greek city-states. Alexander inherited this role, and his father’s
ambition to lead an army against Persia to avenge the wrongs inflicted on
Greece in the Persian Wars 150 years earlier. »
Βουκεϕάλας ὁ
προπέτεια
ἡνίαι
ἐμβολή
τάϕος
πηγή
κόρυς
μαντεῖον
ἅμμα
πολύπλοκο
ἀπάτη
μεγαλοπρεπής
λουτρόν
ἐπινεύω
πλανήτης
ἕδρα
προσαγορεύω
ἔσχατος
τεκμήριον
κισσός
θάλλω
διπλάσιοι
ἐπωνυμία
Χείρων
ἐγχειρίδιον
μετέωρος
ἔμψυχος
μακαρίζω
Θερσίτης

GCSE 2
Τhales, ca 600, eclipse of the sun 585
φρέαρ

βῶλος
ὀχληρός

οἶστρος
ταράσσω

ἑκών
μαῖα
ἀγαλματοποιός
βολβός
κρεμάθρα
ὀφείλω
κόρις
ἀγγεῖον
αἰχμάλωτος
εἴδωλον
κοῖλος
δακτύλιος
συνετός
ἀπάτη
ἀφανής
τάφος
χωρίς
κνήμη
ἀπολακτίζω
ἀλλάσσω
ἑστία
κάπρος
ἄγρα
τοξεύω
χαλκός
ὑετός
ὁμίχλη
μέμφομαι
ἅρπη

ὀξύς
τέως

πτερυγωτός
κίβισις
κυνῆ
τιμωρέω
γλυπτός
εὐπρεπής
ἐπισκώπτω
καλύβη

κνύζημα
τοξότης
τάφρος
ἑκάς
ὀλιγωρέω
ἀπονίζομαι
ἱδρύω
σκευή

ἤπιος
στάχυς
κηδεστής
ἐρείδω
χειρονομέω
καταδεής
σήμαντρον
πάγη
καθαρμόζω

ποδεών
λοιδορέω
λύμη

παρειά
πορνεῖον
πρόσφατος
αἰχμοφόρος
εὐνή
νῶτον
αἵρεσις
τίσις
πρόφασις
ὄλβιος
θωπεύω
ταραχώδης
κωφός
αἰχμή
σίδηρος
κοῦφος

κυνηγέσιον

συγγνώμη

εἰσακοντίζω
ταράσσω
ἀνασχετός

ὁρίζω
καρτερός
ἐπιεικής
συννέω
αἰθρία
ὑετός
δεισιδαιμονία
δίχα

σφάγιον
ὄλεθρος
προσμίγνυμι
ἀπροσδοκήτως
εἰκάζω
δελτίον
ἐπιτήκω
ὑποψία
μαστίζω
πέδη
θολερός
ἁλμυρός
πορθμός
σχοινίον
φραγμός
ἕδρα
κτενίζομαι
οἰστός
ἐποτρύνω
καταπατέω
οἰστός
κατασκευή
ὀψοποιός
μεγαλοπρεπής

beyond gcse

θῆλυς -εια -υ
ἐκλέπω
χήν
δελεάζω
γνάθος
ἄγκιστρον
θηρευτής
λέβης
πάραλοι
εὐήθης
ἠλίθιος
πανοπλία
φάτις
ἐπιτηδείως
ὀκνέω
κλαυθμός
ἀπειλέω
δόκιμος
ἐπιτήδειος
ἀνηκουστέω
πρόσωπον
ἡλικία
ἄφθογγος
βασανίζω
σφάζω
χωρίς
θοίνη
πρόνοια
πρόδικος
σφήξ
μηδισμός
ἀποσαλεύω
λυσιτελής
κερδαίνω
ἀετός
ἀπήνη
παρρησιάζω
αὐλαία
χαλκοτύπος
τέκτων
σκυτεύς
μελετάω
πίων
ὄχημα
λοιδορέομαι
ζημία
πνῖγος
νυστάζω
κηλέω
εὕδω
ὀξεῖα
βαρεῖα https://sites.google.com/view/alexa
περισπωμένη maps http://fernandoblaya.blogspot.com
ψιλὸν πνεῦμα
δασὺ πνεῦμα simpsons https://drive.google.com/file/d/16x
τὰ φωνήεντα gods https://drive.google.com/file/d/123
τὰ σύμφωνα
"+listening" colours https://sites.google.com/view/alexa
τέκνον veggies https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bw
κῆπος
τροφός
ξύλον

σῆμα Athenaze
λόφος
κῦμα
βοήθεια
ἄνθος
καθέδρα
ναός
πίναξ
σῶμα
ῥόδον
ξανθός
παρακαλῶ
χάριν σοι ἔχω
τήμερον
κοπιάω
ἔρρωσο
πεδίον
λειμών
χιών
βουνός
νεφέλη
πτέρον

καλιά
νεόττιον
ᾠόν
στρογγύλος
ὠχρός
κλώζω

ἕψω
νεοττεύω

κλάδος
ἐπῴζω
ψυχρός
ἀνοίγνυμι
ῥυγχίον
ταπεινός
πού
ὄνος

μιαρός
ἐγκλείω
δίφρος
ἀριστάω
ἀκράτισμα
λεκάνη
σταφυλή

δείλη
φοιτάω

μόριον
κάλαμος
γύψος
πινάκιον

ξύλον
ξύλινος
μάλθα
λεαίνω
στίχος
σκῆπτρον
ἄσμενος
λυπηρός
οὖς, pl ὦτα pentacosiomedimnoi – medimnos=c
τράχηλος hippeis – cavalry

ἑκατέρωθεν zeugitai – biggest class, kept a team

ὦμος thetes – hired labourers

νῶτον
δάκτυλος ‘δὶς ἐς τὸν αὐτὸν ποταμὸν οὐκ
μέγα βιβλίον μέγα κακόν
ὀδύνη metics = μέτοικοι
ἀλγέω ἀγαπητός
ἄρρωστος
παραμύθιον demes:
πτύω 40 times a year: Athenian Assembly
κόλπος
κοιμάω Menander of Athens (4-3 c bce)
βασκαίνω
πῶμα Ἐγγύα πάρα δ' Ἄτα?????
αἷμα
δίαιτα
χέω

καθαίρω
χιτών
πέδιλα
δρόσος Anacreon of Teos (fl 535 BCE)
σκέλος τέττιξ

κορυφή δρόσος

τείνω ἀμήν

ὀφρύς δεκτός
βλέφαρον
πρόσωπον labyrinthos – house of the double ax
ῥίς
τομή ἕδνον

χεῖλος προίξ
αἴσθησις φάτνη
γεῦμα
ἁφή the Pleiades: seven daughters of Atl

βραχίων πίστις
γωνία
λιχανός Αthens – a historical outline
νῶτον Βronze Age: Acropolis fortified, cro
μαστός Dark Age: collapsed about 1200; Do
μηρόν Renaissance (ca 850):
πτέρνα Reforms of Solon: monarchy succee
Τyranny: Pisistratus (561–528) – At
roof Democracy: Cleisthenes – Hippias t
beardless
boxing Persian Wars: 490, naval expedition
wrestling Delian League: still Persians ––> 47
feasting Pericles (general every year from 44
night-festival

seat Simonides of Ceos (late 6 to early 5

starting point
end Athens rebuilts after battle of Salam
spring, leap fortification of the Piraeus: Themist
javelin Pnyx (Assembly); Strategeion (Gen
with the fist temple of Hephaestus, best preserve
 Propylaea: designed by Mnesicles to
axe Parthenon: in front of it – Athena Pr
firewood Erechteus, founder-king of Athens

young pig
trough Theognis of Megara (fl 550)

squeak like a piglet δηρόν

grunt (of swine) ὄλλυμι
gnaw, nibble, munch ἐσθλός
mow, reap μᾶζα
point, fitting time τελώνης
scythe μετάνοια
shine σιαγών
it rains ἀγλαός
lightning φρήν
yesterday
science: Ionian Miletus 6 c.
cage Thales: predicted an eclipse of the s
parrot Democedes, a doctor-craftsman
nut Hippocrates: medical science fl. 430
monkey
cloak scolion: song during drinking after d
press, squeeze
slipper ἐρῆμος
grain, seed ὦμος
backwards, on one's back γείτων
bathtub

band for swathing infants late Bronze Age: Achaean trade in t

Dark Age (ca 1100-800): isolation, c
stillness of the sea 8 c.: two settlements for trade (in me
σad, sullen αlphabet: from Phoenician script in
μy dear chap colonies: Syracuse, founded in 733 b
with fair wind Colaeus of Samos, voyaging trader

chine Μassilia, founded by the Phocaeans

ρeed-basket τrade with Egypt, 7th c. – Psammeti
φerry, strait, sea γrain: Egypt, Sicily, Scythia (steppe
fear Αttica: silver from mines at Laurium
φear, terror
hindmost part of the ship, stern
ρun on shore Rise of Persia: until 6 c. – wanderin
τo be of good fame βy 550: mouth of the Tigris as vassa
τo desert 556, Cyrus defeated the Medes – fou
Croesus, king of Lydia, makes a pre
Cambyses: consolidates power in th
Δarius: Ionian revolt against tyrants
Μarathon, 490, Athenians outnumbe

ὑγρός
γαζοφυλάκιον

χήρα
πενιχρός

αttemps at tyranny at Athens by Cyl

590s – discontent of the farmers, co
renewed threat of civil war –» tyran
Cleomenes, Spartan king, against A
Τhemistocles, victory of Salamis (48
τhiry-one loyal Greek states meet at

πrize Χerxes' engineers construct two brid

noose ἀγάλλομαι
πraise ἀμώμητος
year ὀξύς
εxactly βροτός

wedding συγκυρία
δry up κτῆνος

πond, marsh πανδοχεῖον

τortoise

δeer Αeschylus, fought at Marathon, prob

βranch, twig The Persians: festival of Dionysus in
λimb, leg scene: Susa (Persian capital) where
εmpty, deserted

shore ἔγκυος
ρoll φάτνη
σharpen βρέφος
λeather
φasten up Δelian League: led by Cimon; ca. 46

μore and more members contribute m

τreasury transferred from Delos to A
ρashness 449: peace between Athens and Peri
ρeins, bridle Πericles dominating democracy for
ιnvasion
τomb Πολλὰ μεταξὺ πέλει κύλικος
well, stream
helmet
οracle
κnot READING GREEK
ιntricate διανοέομαι
cheating προτρέπω
μagnificent οὔκουν
βathing-place ἀνίσταμαι
consent μῶν
wanderer ἀπολέω
σeat πλησίον
αddress πράγματα παρ
φarthest, last ἀτάρ
πroof γραφή
ιvy κατηγορία
flourish καταδικἀζω
τwice as many ἐξαπατάω
νickname συγγνώμην ἔχ
« unusually kindly and wise centaur, tutor of Achilles and other heroes ἄρτι
δagger καίτοι
εxcited μέμφομαι
αlive τοι
εnvy, regard sb as fortunate ἀμελής
« a ridiculous and despicable common soldier in the Iliad » γοῦν
εἶεν
ὄλλυμι
χρηματίζω
ἔοικα
well, kút ἀλλ᾽οὖν

clod ἐπέχω
τroublesome ἐπιτήδειος

γadfly πάνυ μὲν οὖν

σtir, trouble σκεύη

willing(ly) ὁπόταν
μidwife κομίζομαι
sculptor οὗ
τrufle εἰσαγγέλω
ηanging-rope, basket ἐνέχυρον
οwe ζημιόω
βug μετέρχομαι
βucket διάκειμαι
πrisoner of war ἐπιεικής
ιmage τεκμαίρομαι
hollow καταδίκη
ρing ὑπισχνέομαι
clever ἀσπάζομαι
τrick ἀσπάζομαι
ιnvisible εὔνοια
τomb καὶ μήν
σeparately ὅρκος
shin θωπεύω
κick away καὶ γάρ
change ἀφαιρέομαι
hearth τιμάω
βoar ψήφισμα
hunt σπουδαῖος
shoot with the bow εἴθε
βronze, copper μνεία
ρain τοίνυν
μist ἀφίσταμαι
βlame ἐγγυάω
sickle ζημία

σharp λογισμός
for a while φράτηρ

winged γνήσιος
βag λαγχάνω
cap ὄμνυμι
αvenge ἀποψηφίζομαι
carved διαπράττομαι
fitting ἀδίκημα
λaugh at ἀποψηφίζομαι
hut ἐπιμελής

βaby-talk ὀλίγωρος
αrcher μέλει
μoat παντελώς
φar away εὐπρεπής
δespise πανύστατος
wash χρώς
set up βάρος
εquipment, dress ἐσθλός

μild στείχω
εar of grain ἀπαγορεύω
σon-in-law διατίθημι
lean on stg τίτθη
γesticulate δίκη
νot full, with some missing ἐκτίνω
σeal πλησίος
τrap ἐπισκοπέομαι
φit in place παραιτέομαι

νeck of a bottle ἀναλίσκω

curse, insult ἐκπορίζω
ιnsult προσάπτω

cheek στρωμνή
βrothel ἀμήχανος
ρecently killed ἄοπλος
σpear-carrier, bodyguard εἱμαρμένος
βed πρός
τhe back ἁθροίζω
choice ἅτε
vengeance ἐπιχειρέω
εxcuse διεφθάρμην
happy νομίζομαι
φlatter στερέω
τrouble-causing ἔπος
δeaf and dumb αἰχμή
σpear-point μεθίημι
ιron παραλαμβάνω
easy, light παροράω

hunting pack σιδήρ

πardon ἄγρα
τhrow a spear at χαρίζομαι
δisturb θέω
εndurable

τo border stg
σtrong, violent
capable of stg
heap up
clear sky
rain
superstition
at odds, inclining in different ways

σacrificial victim
δestruction
εngage in close combat
unexpectedly
guess
writing tablet
μelt stg upon stg
σuspicion
τo whip
φetter
μuddy
σalty
channel
cable
βarricade
σeat
comb
αrrow
urge on
τrample down
αrrow
ρoyal tent
cook
μagnificent

female
hatch
goose
put as bait
jaw
hook
hunter
cauldron
men of the coast
foolish
silly
full set of armour
rumour, report
suitably, properly
hesitate
weeping, mourning
threaten
distinguished
suitable
disobey
face
age
silent
test, examine
slaughter
apart, separate
feast
forethought, deliberate planning
guardian
wasp
siding with Persia
anchor in open sea
profitable
make money
eagle
covered wagon
speak frankly
curtain
copper smith
carpenter
cobbler
practise
fat
carriage
reproach, criticise
loss
stifling heat
doze
charm
sleep
ps://sites.google.com/view/alexandros-tohellenikonpaidion/01-κεφάλαιον-α-ὁ-ἀλφάβητος?authuser=0
p://fernandoblaya.blogspot.com/2015/10/griego-i.html

ps://drive.google.com/file/d/16xyS9OzfRtyTVex5V3EMVh6yYFgMJTEw/view
ps://drive.google.com/file/d/123VjjlupQGvOFd1JdRqk9Q-EegGVcVWF/view

ps://sites.google.com/view/alexandros-tohellenikonpaidion/03-κεφάλαιον-γ-τὸ-χωρίον?authuser=0
ps://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwsGZ1D5DszveG5EWVFTZHNac28/view?resourcekey=0-uJraDqT3gTqgC5saalTXkw

Athenaze
ntacosiomedimnoi – medimnos=ca. One and a half bushels
ppeis – cavalry

ugitai – biggest class, kept a team of oxen (ζεῦγος), hoplites Aristophanes Acharnians – Dicaeopolis

tes – hired labourers

ς ἐς τὸν αὐτὸν ποταμὸν οὐκ ἂν ἐμβαίης.’ Plato Cratylus πάντα χωρεῖ καὶ οὐδὲν μένει
γα βιβλίον μέγα κακόν Callimachus of Alexandria (fl 250 bce)
tics = μέτοικοι
beloved

Περικλῆς Ξανθίππου Χολαργεύς

times a year: Athenian Assembly --> deme chooses representative for the council of 500 (the executive committee)

enander of Athens (4-3 c bce) 100 comedies – New Comedy – concerned with every-day life

γγύα πάρα δ' Ἄτα?????

acreon of Teos (fl 535 BCE)

 cicada

dew (f)

in truth

acceptable

yrinthos – house of the double axe (in Cretan) A plausible derivation of the non-Greek w

wedding-gift

dowry
stall, manger

Pleiades: seven daughters of Atlas and Pleione (changed into stars)

faith

hens – a historical outline

onze Age: Acropolis fortified, crowned by a palace (administrative centre like in Mycenae and Pylos); Theseus united Attica bef
rk Age: collapsed about 1200; Dorian invasions: the only city not sacked
naissance (ca 850):
forms of Solon: monarchy succeeded by the rule of the nobles; Solon (chief archon in 594/93) – resolved conflicts between nobl
ranny: Pisistratus (561–528) – Athens flourished; son, Hippias, driven out in 510
mocracy: Cleisthenes – Hippias takes refuge with the Persian king (whose empire reached the cities of Ionia) ––> help for the un

rsian Wars: 490, naval expedition, Darius ––> land on the east coast of Attica at Marathon (Ath. victory); Xerxes (Thermopylae,
lian League: still Persians ––> 478 league (Athenian general Cimon) – 449 humiliating peace terms for the Persians; becomes A
ricles (general every year from 443–429); makes Athens a radical democracy; Athenian expansion ––> Sparta and Corinth alarm

monides of Ceos (late 6 to early 5 cent)

hens rebuilts after battle of Salamis (previously: Persian sack)

tification of the Piraeus: Themistocles (began in 493–492) completed: after Greek victory at Plataea
yx (Assembly); Strategeion (Generals' HQ); Tholos (magistrates' clubhouse); the Metroon (Archive); Bouleuterion (Council cha
mple of Hephaestus, best preserved of all Greek temples
opylaea: designed by Mnesicles to balance the Parthenon but never completed (because of outbreak of war in 431)
rthenon: in front of it – Athena Promachos (bronze)
echteus, founder-king of Athens

eognis of Megara (fl 550)

for long
kill, die
noble, fine
bread
tax-collector
repentance
jaw
splendid, gracious
heart

ence: Ionian Miletus 6 c.

ales: predicted an eclipse of the sun
mocedes, a doctor-craftsman
ppocrates: medical science fl. 430 – medical school on the island of Cos

olion: song during drinking after dinner

empty, deserted
shoulder
neighbour

e Bronze Age: Achaean trade in the E Mediterranean

rk Age (ca 1100-800): isolation, contacts with the east broken
.: two settlements for trade (in metals): Al Mina in the E, island of Ischia in the W
phabet: from Phoenician script in ca 750 – period of renaissance; polis; aristocracy replacing monarchy, hoplites replacing cavalr
onies: Syracuse, founded in 733 by Corinth
laeus of Samos, voyaging trader

assilia, founded by the Phocaeans in ca 600

 de with Egypt, 7th c. – Psammetichus I pharaoh employed Greek mercenaries – Greek settlement at the mouth of Nile (Naucrati
in: Egypt, Sicily, Scythia (steppes of south Russia)
tica: silver from mines at Laurium

se of Persia: until 6 c. – wandering mountain tribe ––– by 650, Assyrian Empire (Mesop, Egypt, Syria) crumbling
550: mouth of the Tigris as vassal kingdom of Media
6, Cyrus defeated the Medes – founder of the Achaemenids
oesus, king of Lydia, makes a pre-emptive strike – if he crosses the river Halys, he would destroy a great empire; took Babylon i
mbyses: consolidates power in the Levant and defeated Egypt in 525; rebellion in 522, led by Bardiya
rius: Ionian revolt against tyrants in 499 (led by Aristagoras, tyrant of Miletus); Persians took Miletus in 494
arathon, 490, Athenians outnumbered but win

wet, moist
τreasury

widow
πoor

emps at tyranny at Athens by Cylon in 632 but fails

0s – discontent of the farmers, could lead to civil war – Solon; Athens exports olive oil and pottery (driving out Corinthian ware)
newed threat of civil war –» tyranny established by Πisistratus (546-527); Hippias driven out in 510; 507, Cleishenes' reforms est
eomenes, Spartan king, against Athens, but turned back because the Corinthians refused to fight in an unjust war
emistocles, victory of Salamis (480), foudner of Athenian sea power
ry-one loyal Greek states meet at Corinth in 481 to plan resistance to Xerxes – Sparta gets command

rxes' engineers construct two bridges of boats across the Hellespont in 480

εnjoy
βlameless, excellent
 sharp, keen, high-pitched

μortal

chance, coincidence
βeast, sheep

ιnn, hotel

schylus, fought at Marathon, probs at Salamis

e Persians: festival of Dionysus in 472
ene: Susa (Persian capital) where the elders wait for news – Atossa's omens: chariot with two women, eagle pursued by falcon

γκυος πregnant
μanger
new-born baby

lian League: led by Cimon; ca. 469, Naxos secedes, forced back

re and more members contribute money rather than ships – tributary allies
asury transferred from Delos to Athens in 454
9: peace between Athens and Perisa
ricles dominating democracy for 30 years, until his death in 429

ολλὰ μεταξὺ πέλει κύλικος καὶ χείλεος ἄκρου

EADING GREEK
intend, plan
urge, impel
not ... Therefore
get up, emigrate
surely ... Not?
ι shall kill/destroy
nearby, near
cause trouble
βut
ιndictment, charge, case
speech for the prosecution
condemn, convict
δeceive, trick
πardon, forgive
just now, recently
αnd yet
βlame, criticise, find fault with
τhen (inference)
uncaring
αt any rate
very well then
κill
δo business
seem, resemble
well anyway; however that may be

hold on, restrain, check

σuitable, useful for

certainly, of course
ship's gear; furniture

whenever
collect
where
ιmpeach
σecurity, pledge
fine, punish
send for, chase after
βe in state, mood
φair, reasonable, moderate
conclude, infer
fine
πromise
greet, welcome
whether ... Or
γood will
what's more; look!
οath
flatter
in fact; yes
take x from y; claim
to fine
decree
important, serious
i wish that
mention
well then
relinquish claim to; revolt from
engage, promise
fine

calculation
member of a phratry

legitimate, genuine
bring suit (δίκην) against, obtain by lot, run as candidate for office (verb)
swear
reject + gen
do, act, perform
crime
acquit, reject + gen
careful

contemptuous
dat x is concerned about gen y
completely, outright
seemly, proper, becoming
for the very last time
flesh, skin
weight, burden
noble, fine, good

go, come
forbid
dispose; put x in y state
nurse
fine, case, justice
pay
nearby
review
βeg

σpend, use, kill

σupply, provide
γive, attach to

βedding
ιmpossible, impracticable
unarmed
αllotted, appointed
ιn addition (adverb)
γather, collect
σince, seeing that + part
undertake, set to work
ι was disabled, ruined
βe accustomed
δeprive of gen
word
σpear-point
αllow, let go
undertake, take from
notice

ιron, metal

hunt

οblige; please; be dear to

run
 house https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwsGZ1D5DszvZ2tRRWloa1lPT1U/view?
ιn the agora https://drive.google.com/file/d/12TSir6SmWNUUpgv_S1n_cSk5LyJl0Bb0/

DqT3gTqgC5saalTXkw

Dionysus vs Vesta

Muses (Mousai) (Lat. Musae)

In Greek myth, daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne (Memory)
The early Greek poet Hesiod is the first to name them (and perhaps coined their names him
The original seats of the Muses' worship were Pieria, near Mount Olympus in Thessaly
Calliope, epic poetry; Clio, history; Euterpe, flute-playing (and lyric poetry accompanied
the Thracian poet Thamyris competed against them and lost his sight and power of song;
The most famous mouseion was that of Alexandria in Egypt, founded by Ptolemy I Sote

(Gk. Cha'ritĕs, Lat. Gratiae)

daughters of Zeus and to be three in number, called by the Greek poet Hesiod Euphrosyn

(Gk. Moirai; Lat. Fāta or Parcae)

the children of Nyx (Night) or, somewhat allegorically, of Zeus and Themis

The three were called Klōtho (‘Spinner’), who held the distaff, Lachĕsis (‘Apportioner’
καὶ οὐδὲν μένει Heraclitus of Ephesus (fl 500) With implicit self-description, Heraclitus writes that the Delph
Aristotle charged Heraclitus with denial of the Principle of No
The order we experience is a constant process of ch

In the reforms of Cleisthenes (2), they replaced kins

ecutive committee)

According to fifth-century myth Apollo was not the or

erivation of the non-Greek word from (Lydian) λάβρυς ‘double axe’ connects the labyrinth with a potent Mino

They were pursued by Orion and he and they were turned into constellations (as were their sisters

and they were said to have been sisters who cried themselves to death when their brother Hyas w

ylos); Theseus united Attica before the Trojan War

resolved conflicts between nobles and farmers; four classes (aristocratic monopoly weakened)

ties of Ionia) ––> help for the unsuccessful Ionian revolt (499–494)

victory); Xerxes (Thermopylae, 480), Persian sack of Athens (Salamis, Themistocles wins); 479, Greek victory at Plataea
ms for the Persians; becomes Athenian empire ––> first Peloponnesian war ends in 446, 30 years' peace made
on ––> Sparta and Corinth alarmed

y at Plataea
hive); Bouleuterion (Council chamber) etc
 ak of war in 431)

narchy, hoplites replacing cavalry

t at the mouth of Nile (Naucratis)

Syria) crumbling

y a great empire; took Babylon in 539 and let the Jews returns home

letus in 494

ry (driving out Corinthian ware)

10; 507, Cleishenes' reforms establishing democracy
n an unjust war
men, eagle pursued by falcon
te for office (verb)
 DszvZ2tRRWloa1lPT1U/view?resourcekey=0-PGIjnSGzFzJrXv4kmI2Zng
WNUUpgv_S1n_cSk5LyJl0Bb0/view

d perhaps coined their names himself).

r Mount Olympus in Thessaly, and Mount Helicon in Boeotia – Theogony
(and lyric poetry accompanied by the flute); Melpomene, tragedy; Terpsichore, (choral) dancing (and the song that goes with it)
ost his sight and power of song; the Sirens competed against them, but were defeated, lost their wings, and jumped into the sea; i
ypt, founded by Ptolemy I Soter (ruled 305/4–282 bc)

Greek poet Hesiod Euphrosyne (‘Joy’), Aglaia (‘Radiance’), sometimes said to be Hephaestus' wife, and Thalia (‘Flowering
f Zeus and Themis

istaff, Lachĕsis (‘Apportioner’), who drew off the thread, and Atrŏpŏs (‘Inflexible’), who cut it short, Milton's ‘blind Fury w
Heraclitus writes that the Delphic god (see delphic oracle) ‘neither says nor conceals, but gives a sign’
ith denial of the Principle of Non-Contradiction because he asserts that opposites (the way up and the way down, day and nigh
is a constant process of change. Change, indeed, is necessary to the maintenance of cosmic order: ‘the ba

nes (2), they replaced kinship groups as the basis of the democratic constitution in Athens (see genos and p

myth Apollo was not the original owner of the oracle but a latecomer, preceded by the oracular cult of Gaia
abyrinth with a potent Minoan religious symbol

ations (as were their sisters the Hyades).

when their brother Hyas was killed. They were also said to be the nurses of Dionysus.

Greek victory at Plataea

s' peace made
 (and the song that goes with it); Erato, the lyre (and the lyric poetry, often erotic, accompanied by it); Polyhymnia, hymns to the
wings, and jumped into the sea; in one version of the story describing the contest between Apollo and Marsyas, the Muses are m

s' wife, and Thalia (‘Flowering’).

it short, Milton's ‘blind Fury with th'abhorrèd shears’ LYCIDAS A pastoral elegy by John Milton. Written 1
and the way down, day and night, mortal and immortal, etc.) are ‘one’.
ce of cosmic order: ‘the barley drink separates if it is not stirred’.

n Athens (see genos and phratries). Cleisthenes arranged the demes into ten tribes (phylai) and each tribe

y the oracular cult of Gaia (or Themis, or Poseidon), whose serpent, Python, he killed before ousting the go
by it); Polyhymnia, hymns to the gods, and later, pantomime; Urania, astronomy; Thalia, comedy and bucolic poetry.
and Marsyas, the Muses are made the judges.
y by John Milton. Written 1637 and published the following year, it laments the death of Edward King (1612–
bes (phylai) and each tribe into three trittyes (see trittys); in each tribe one trittys comprised demes from the

killed before ousting the goddess. T

and bucolic poetry.
eath of Edward King (1612–37), who was at Christ's College, Cambridge, with Milton
omprised demes from the city region, another demes from the interior, and the third demes from the coast.
ird demes from the coast.