Wavelet Filters

 1 x2 + y2 
 cos(0 ( x cos  + y sin  ))
1
h ( x, y;  ,  0 ,  ) = exp −
2 2  2 
2

Introduction:Visual Path in
Mammals
Lens
Retina

Optical Nerve

Optical Chiasma

LGN

Simple cell

Complex cell

Lower-order hypercomplex cell

Higher-order hypercomplex cell

Introd.:Mathematical Representation of
Receptives Fields Center-Surround

-1 -1 -1
-1 8 -1
-1 -1 -1
Introd.: “Cross” Detector using Center-
Surround Receptives Fields

0 -1
0 -1
0 -1
0 0 -1 -1 -1
-1
0 -1
-2
-3
0 -1
-2
-3
0
5 -1
-2
-3
0 -1
0 -1 8 -1
-1
0 -1
0
7
6
5 0
8
7
6
5
4 -1
0
7
6
5 -1
0 -1 -1 -1
-1
0 -1
-2
-3
-4
0 -1
-2
-3
0
5
4 -1
-2
-3
-4
0 -1
0
Simple Receptive Field
0 -1
-2
0 -1
0
7 -1
-2
0 0
0 -1
0 -1
0 -1
0 0
Introd.:Numeric example of correlation
using the “Cross” detector

Maximum
Introduction: “Cross” Detector
• Sensibilidad al Contraste

Frec. Espacial
0 3 8 50 [ciclos/grado]
 Wavelet Gabor
• Gabor Jet: Conjunto de funciones Gabor 2-D complejas que
coinciden en posición y longitud de onda (λ), pero difieren en
orientación

 1 x2 + y2 
 cos(0 (x cos  + y sin  ))
1
h ( x, y;  ,  0 ,  ) = exp −
2 2
 2 
2

Filtros Orientados Espacialmente
Percepción color
• Función eficiencia luminosa relativa

V
Nocturna
Fotópica agregada-conos

400  [n m]
507 555 700
• Sensibilidad - Conos

S3() S2() S ()

1

440 540 570  [n m]

(amarillo
(azul) (Verde rojo)
Amarillo)
 v
r-g y-b
  

R G B

  

r − g   a11 a12 a13   R 

 y − b  = a a a23  G 
   21 22

 v  a31 a32 a33   B 

 y-b

r-g


470 510 580

Azul Verde Amarilo

puro puro único

• Experimento

x
+ +
+ +
 • Descomposición campo receptivo

R
 1 (R + G )
x + 2 (R − G )
 R +G 1
G G x x x 2 x
acromática cromática
Filtro Filtro
Pasabanda Pasabajos
 S3() S2() S1()

440 540 570  [n m]

(amarillo
(azul) (Verde
rojo)
Amarillo)
• RGB -> CIE XYZ
 X   0.431 0.342 0.178  R 
 Y  = 0.222 0.707 0.071 G 
    
 Z  0.020 0.130 0.939  B 
• Valores normalizados tri-estimulo
X Y Z
x= y= z=
X +Y + Z X +Y + Z X +Y + Z
=> x+y+z=1. x, y (ejes coordenados) permiten describir todos los colores
- Propiedades Temporales

• Frec. Crítica de Fusión

• Función de Sensibilidad a la variación de contraste temporal

Sens.
Relat.
Max.
Intensidad
fondo

Int.
fondo
I
8 -10 60 f
t
 Brief History of NNs

• 1943: McCulloch–Pitts “neuron”

– Started the field
• 1962: Rosenblatt’s perceptron
– Learned its own weight values; convergence proof
• 1969: Minsky & Papert book on perceptrons
– Proved limitations of single-layer perceptron networks
• 1982: Hopfield and convergence in symmetric networks
– Introduced energy-function concept
• 1986: Backpropagation of errors
– Method for training multilayer networks
• Present: Probabilistic interpretations, Bayesian and spiking networks
https://beamandrew.github.io/deeplearning/2017/02/23/deep_learning_101_part1.html