WATER PURIFICATION

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is the physical, chemical, biological and

aesthetic characteristics of water which
Water quality determines its fitness for a variety of uses
and for protecting the health and integrity
of aquatic ecosystems.
Water that contains such particles is
WASTEWATER
called _________________.
is the process of making water suitable
Wastewater treatment for safety potable and other basic con-
sumption.
is a measure of the relative clarity of wa-
Turbidity ter and is measured using a nephelome-
ter.
is carried out using chemicals called co-
agulants such as aluminum sulfate and
Coagulation
ferric chloride to destabilize the particles
and enabling them to form flocs.
Water is gently stirred to enable growth
of larger particles with more settleable
FLOCCULATION
masses and this process is known as
_____________________.
the water on the top of sediments is
allowed to pass through a combination
of porous media (sand, gravel, activated
FILTRATION
charcoal) to trap the suspended particles
that was not removed by sedimentation
process.
water with a pH lower that 7 is considered
acidic
___________.
a pH greater than 7 is considered
alkaline
__________________.
Recommended pH for water use set by
between 6.5 and 8.5. US Environmental Protection Agency is
___________________________________

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WATER PURIFICATION
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The sample (raw water) is collected in

large aeration tank. The water sample is
aerated by using compressed air through
Aeration perforated pipes. It removes bad odors,
CO2 and some metals such as iron,
manganese thru precipitation of their re-
spective hydroxides.
The aerated water is then placed in set-
tling tank which should be stored for
10-14 days. Some of the suspended
solids heavier toxic chemicals will settle
Storage/ Settling down and water becomes clear. In ad-
dition, pathogenic bacteria will gradually
decrease in counts. During the storage
organic matters present in water sample
is oxidized by microorganisms.
Water sample is then placed in coag-
ulation tank with addition of precipitat-
ing agents such as alum or lime. There
should be constant stirring inside the
Coagulation
tank. There will formation of precipitate
when dissolved in water. Gradually the
mass of the suspended solid becomes
heavier and finally settle down.
The partially clarified water is then
passthrough sand gravity filter which re-
moves impurities and microorganisms.
Filtration
During the process unpleasant odor may
occur, activated carbon can be used in
filter bed to remove bad odors.
The final stage is disinfection of the fil-
tered water by using disinfectants such
as chlorination. In this stage, disinfection
Disinfection
kills pathogenic and other microorgan-
ism in water. After disinfection, water is
distributed for domestic distribution.

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 WATER PURIFICATION
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Temperature, Turbidity, Transparency,
Speed, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide:, pH, Water Quality Indicators for Lakes and
Hardness, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Chlo- Ponds
ride
Primary Treatment/Mechanical Treat-
ment, Secondary Treatment/Biological The treatment procedure are generally
Treatment, Tertiary Treatment/Advance divided into three group:
biological or Chemical Treatment
remove pollutants from wastewater for its
Why treat wastewater?
recycling
promote health concern and public hy-
Why treat wastewater?
giene.
preserve aquatic life and wildlife habitat. Why treat wastewater?
promote recreation and quality of life. Why treat wastewater?
is the simplest of all water purification
methods. It is effective because it kills
Boiling
99.9% of all living things and vaporizes
most chemicals.
is one of the most common water purifi-
cation techniques that has been in use
Chlorination
for many years. Likely, it is because it is
easily available, cheap, and effective.
is the perfect solution to improve the
taste, odor, and appearance of your wa-
ter. RO is a method universally known for
its effective purification of seawater. It is
Reverse Osmosis, commonly referred to a process in which dissolved inorganic
as RO solids, such as fluoride, chlorine, lead,
and pesticides are removed from water
by applying pressure more than the os-
motic pressure and pushing the water
through a semi-permeable membrane.
is one of the simplest water purification
processes. A water distillation system is
Distillation
simply designed to purify your water in
an inexpensive, quick, and effective way.
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WATER PURIFICATION
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This process has only two operations,
namely evaporation, and condensation.
is a method of physical or mechanical
separation of one substance to another
in a liquid through a suitable media. Tra-
Filtration ditionally, this media comprised of sand
and granules but modern filtration sys-
tems use activated carbon as the main
constituent material of the filter.

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