5 Components of a Computer System

1. Input Unit
The input unit is a set of devices attached to a computer that convert input into binary language
that the computer understands. The main function of input devices is to direct commands and
data into computers. These devices allow users to input data and instructions, which are then
processed by the processor.

2. Output Unit
The output unit is a computer component that converts binary data from the CPU into a human-
readable format, typically through devices like monitors, printers, or plotters. It displays or prints
the processed data in a user-friendly format, ensuring efficient computer operation. Thus, the
output unit gives us the final result once the entire processing is done within the mechanism of a
device.

3. Memory Unit
When data is entered into a computer, it is immediately saved in the memory unit of the CPU,
which transmits the data to other CPU parts due to existing programming. The memory unit is
used to store data, instructions and information.

4. Control Unit
The Control Unit is the central unit of a computer system, responsible for managing the device's
functioning. It collects input data, processes it, and presents the output to the user. It is the center
of all processing actions within a computer device, including instructions, data interpretation,
signal execution, and data retrieval.

5. Arithmetic & Logical Unit

The ALU, a digital circuit, performs mathematical calculations and logical decisions, including
addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It is the main component of the CPU and is
the fundamental building block, enabling the comparison of two data items to determine their
size or equality.