NORMAL COLOR OF PLASMA OR SERUM

- YELLOW OR STRAW

WHAT IS THE AVERAGE PH OF BLOOD?

A. 7.35 - VENOUS BLOOD PH -- DUE TO CARBON DIOXIDE
B.7.45 - ARTERIAL BLOOD PH
C. 7.40- AVERAGE
D. 7.35-7.45- RANGE

THICKEST BLOOD VESSEL= ARTERIES

BLOOD VESSEL WITH VALVES= VEIN

LIQUID FORM OF EDTA

-DILUTES THE BLOOD THAT WILL LEAD TO FALSE DECREASE HCT RESULTS (1-3%)

MOST PREFERRED / MOST COMMONLY USED AC IN HEMATOLOGY = EDTA

MOST PREFFERED ANTICOAGULANT FOR CELL COUNTING AND OBSERVATION OF CELL

MORPHOLGY = EDTA

MOST PREFERRED ANTICOAGULANT FOR PLATELET STUDIES/AGGREGATION TEST/PLT

FUNCTION TEST = CITRATE

EXPIRED EDTA = FALSE DECREASED PLT COUNT

WHICH OF THE FF ANTICOAGULANT WILL NOT BIND TO CALCIUM?

A. EDTA

B. OXALATE

C. CITRATE

D. HEPARIN
WHICH OF THE FF IS THE CORRECT ORDER OF DRAW?
A. YELLOW- RED-BLUE-PURPLE X
B.YELLOW-BLUE-PURPLE-GREEN X
C.PURPLE- BLUE-GREEN-YELLOW X
D.BLUE-RED-GREEN-YELLOW

PURPOSE OF ORDER OF DRAW?

ANS: Its purpose is to avoid possible test result error because of cross-contamination
from tube additives

METHOD: SKIN PUNCTURE

SPECIMEN: CAPILLARY BLOOD (NEWBORN SCREENING --> BLOOD SPOT)

APPROPRIATE FINGERS (HAHA) FOR SKIN PUNCTURE

1. Middle (long) or 3rd finger
2. Ring / fourth finger

MGA BAWAL NA FINGERS

1. THUMB (1st)
2. PINKY OR SMALL FINGER (5th)
3. INDEX OR FOREFINGER (2nd)

WHAT IS THE SPECIMEN COLLECTED IN NEWBORN SCREENING?

A. BLOOD SPOT -1ST ANSWER

B. CAPILLARY BLOOD- 2ND ANSWER
C. VENOUS BLOOD
D. PAK GANERN

INCREASE TEMP = DECREASE BLOOD VOLUME DRAWN (VICE VERSA)

INCREASE ALTITUDE= DECREASE BLOOD VOLUME DRAWN (VICE VERSA)

WHAT IS THE STERILIZATION TECHNIQUE USED FOR EVACUATED TUBES?

A. AUTOCLAVE
B. ETHYLENE OXIDE
C. GAMMA RADIATION
D. AOTA
MOST PREFERRED GAUGE FOR ADULTS -= 21g
MOST PREFERRED GAUGE OF NEEDLE FOR PEDIATRIC/NEWBORNS = 23g or 22g

what is the ideal characteristic of needle used in venipuncture?

A. 21g, 1 in
b. 21g, 1.5in
c. 20g, 1 in
d. 20g, 1.5in

what is the correct time for the application of torniquet?

a. 120 seconds
b. 180 seconds
c. 200seconds
d. 300 seconds

what is the maximum time for the application of torniquet?

a. 1 min = best answer

b. 2mins
c. 3mins
d.5mins

NOTE:
*Release and remove the tourniquet as soon as blood flow is established or after no longer than
1 minute

HUWAG MALITO!!
Torniquet application = 3 to 4 inches above the venipuncture site
Collection of blood With IV line = 1 to 2 inches below the IV line -à hindi torniquet
Anchoring the vein = 1 to 2 inches below the venipuncture site

RODAK’S= Perform the venipuncture by anchoring the vein with the thumb 1 to 2 inches below
the site and inserting the needle bevel up, with an angle less than 30 degrees between the
needle and the skin

When will you release the torniquet during blood collection?

A. As long as there is blood flow
B. Before you remove the needle
C. After you remove the needle
D. pak pak boom boom

LE CELLS= NEUTROPHIL WITH ROUND HOMOGENOUS BODY

LOWER ANGLE = LONGER SMEAR

HIGHER ANGLE= SHORTER SMEAR

DRYING TECHNIQUES
AIR DRY = MOST COMMON
SMALL FAN
AUTOMATED DRYER

WBC ESTIMATE
1ST HPF - 10
2ND HPF - 8
3RD - 10
4TH - 9
5TH - 10
6TH- 7
8TH - 10
9TH -11
10TH -12

1.compute the average number /10 hpf

2.GET THE TOTAL VALUE THEN DIVIDE TO 10

87 / 10 = 8.7

ONCE YOU GET THE AVERAGE, MULTIPLY RESULT TO 2000 (HPF) or 3000 (OIO)
8.7 X 2000 = 17,400 cells/ul or 17.4 x10^9/L

8-20 PLTS/OIF -1ST ANSWER

7-21 plts /OIF - 2ND ANSWER

WHICH OF THE FF ARE adult hematopoietic tissues

1.Bone marrow
2.spleen
3.liver
4.HSC
ans: 1,2,3

WHICH OF THE FF IS NOT A RBC PRECURSOR?

A. Rubriblast
B. reticulocyte
C. BFU-E à progenitor
D. metarubricyte

RECALLS (HEMATOLOGY ITANONG)

ORIGIN OF DENDRITIC CELLS ---> CLP (PAG HEMA TINANONG)
PRECURSOR OF DENDRITIC CELLS---> MONOCYTE

ORIGIN OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS?

ANS: CLP

STEM CELL ---> PROGENITORS----> PRECURSORS---> MATURE

EXAMPLE OF PROGENITORS ---> COLONY OR BURST FORMING UNITS, CMP, AND

CLP

EXAMPLE OF PRECURSORS
*RBC PRECURSORS = RUBRIBLAST UPTO RETICULOCYTE
*GRANULOCYTE PRECURSORS= MYELOBLAST UPTO BAND CELLS
*PLT PRECURSORS = MEGKARYOBLAST, PROMEGAKARYOCYTE, MEGAKARYOCYTE

SPLENOMEGALY/HYPERSPLENISM = PANCYTOPENIA
ASPLENIA/SPLENECTOMY --> PANCYTOSIS

RBCS THAT ARE LESS THAN 120 DAYS OLD

= DEFORMABLE AND BICONCAVE

OLD /SENESCENT RBCS

= RIGID AND SPHEROCYTIC
= LOSS OF DEFORMABILITY