Computer Operations

mean whatever instruction you give to the computer system, then that computer system executes your
instruction.

The process of executing the instruction given by you is called computer operations.

There are various computer operations,

Basic Operations of Computer System

There are five basic operations of computer system, which are given below.

1. Inputting
2. Processing
3. Outputting
4. Storing
5. Controlling

1. Inputting

Is a process by which a user enters any type of data into a computer system.

Inputting is the first basic operations of computer system. Input devices are used to provide information
to the computer. For example, your mouse or keyboard may be an input device.

You can also use the camera to take pictures or videos and then upload them to your PC.

The keyboard is an example of an input device.

If you're inputting data from another source (such as a camera), it's likely to go through an interface card
before reaching the CPU.

Note - You cannot enter any type of data into the computer without the use of an input device.

If you want to enter any data into the computer, then you will have to use an input device.

And there are many types of input devices, whose names are given below.

Keyboard

Mouse

Joy Stick
Light pen

Scanner

Microphone

Bar Code Reader

2. Processing

The processing means, when the computer system starts executing the instructions given by the user,
then this process is called processing.

The processor is the component of a computer that does most of the "work" in terms of processing.

It's responsible for running programs and carrying out instructions from the user.

The processor reads and writes information to and from the hard disk (a type of storage device) and
sends messages to other components in the computer like the monitor, mouse, or keyboard.

All this data flowing through your PC happens because electricity is running through each component at
a specific speed or frequency.

This is called clock speed. The higher the clock speed, the more quickly information will be processed on
your PC.

For example, some PCs may run at 1 GHz (which means one billion cycles per second), while others
might run at 800 MHz (800 million cycles per second).

3. Outputting

Means, the result of instruction given by a user is called output.

Whatever input is given by the user computer, then the output result of that input is outputting.

Input/output devices are responsible for the computer's interaction with the physical world.

For instance, a keyboard or mouse are input/output devices.

They are responsible for responding to your commands and providing feedback.The computer needs
these components to provide output, which is information that comes out of the system.This includes
visual feedback like video or text, as well as audio feedback like sound or music.

Note - Without using an output device, you cannot get the output result of any input data. You have to
use an output device to get the output result.
And there are many types of output devices, whose names are given below.

Monitor

Printer

Headphones

Computer Speakers

Projector

Sound Card

Video Card

Braille Reader

Speech-Generating Device

4. Storing

Storing means, the output result that comes after executing the instruction given by a user, and storing
that output result is called storing.

The CPU is responsible for storing data in your computer's memory, which is where the data is stored
when you type it into a word document or open an image.

The CPU processes this data to make it easier to retrieve. Processors are the components that are
responsible for executing applications that are stored in your computer's memory.

These processors can be found on the motherboard and can vary depending on the PC’s specifications.

When you save a file, you are copying it from random access memory onto a storage device like an
external hard drive, CD/DVD, or flash drive.

When you save a file to your computer's hard drive, you're always saving two copies of the original file -
one copy in its original location and one backup copy in another location.

This redundancy ensures that if something happens to the first file - say by accident deletion then there
is another copy of it somewhere else on your hard drive.

There are various types of storage device, which are given below.

Hard Disk Drive ( HDD )

Floppy Disks
Tapes

Compact Discs (CDs)

DVD and Blu-ray Discs

USB Flash Drives

Secure Digital Cards (SD Card)s

Solid-State Drives (SSD)

RAM

ROM

5. Controlling

means the combinations of all computer operations.

Controlling is a type of process that monitors the instruction given by the user from the time it is
executed to the output result. This process itself is called controlling.

In simple language, monitoring means monitoring, which device is doing its work or not.

In a basic computer system, the monitoring work is done by the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit).