Pamantasan ng Cabuyao

College of Computing and Engineering

Katapatan Subd., Banay-banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna

Course Code: ITE101

Course Description: Living in the IT Era

Course Intended Learning Outcomes:

1. Discuss the concepts, frameworks, and components of information and computing systems.
2. Discuss social, legal and ethical issues in information technology era
3. Differentiate system and application software; software evolution and function
4. Identify different computer networks and topologies

Learning Materials for Week #1-2

I. TITLE : Introduction to Information Technology

II. OBJECTIVES
After week 1-3, you are expected to:
1. improve understanding of the concepts and theories of technology;
2. identify the internal parts of the computer and;
3. Identify the input and output devices.

III. INTRODUCTION

This topic will introduce the computer and its components. A computer is a machine
which manipulates data according to a list of instruction. Computer system and its
operating system as well as software and hardware will also be introduce.

IV. BODY
Introduction to Information Technology

A computer is a fast-electronic calculating machine that accepts digitized input

information, processes it according to a list of internally stored instructions, and
produces the resulting output information.
 Basic Operation of a Computer

The operation of a computer can be summarized as follows:

1. The computer accepts information in the form of programs and data

through an input unit and stores it in memory.

2. Information stored in the memory is fetched, under program control,

into an arithmetic and logic unit, where it is processed.

3. Processing of information is directed by the control unit in the

microprocessor.

4. Resulting information leaves the computer through an output unit.

A. Parts of the computer according to their function:

1. Processing unit = the "brain" of the computer where processing occurs. The
central processing unit (CPU), contained in the system unit box, manipulates
(calculates, compares) data supplied by input and storage devices. While
"thinking," it temporarily stores results in its internal memory, called RAM.
Feedback is returned to the user via output devices.
2. Input devices = allow the user to send information to the computer. These
include: keyboard, mouse, joystick, trackball, touch-sensitive monitor, voice-
input.
3. Output devices = receive information from the CPU and return feedback to the
user. These include: monitor, printer, speakers
4. Storage units = permanent disk storage, using floppy, hard disks, CD-ROMs,
memory cards, memory sticks.

B. Parts of the computer according to their location

1. External parts – computer devices and peripherals that are connected to but are
outside the system unit. Examples are: mouse, keyboard, monitor, speakers,
webcam, printer, scanner, AVR, etc
2. Internal parts - computer parts and peripherals that are inside the system unit.
Examples are: power supply, hard disk drive, floppy disk dive, CD drive, RAM,
CPU, motherboard, sound card, video card, network card, etc.

Common PC Hardware
Common components of a System Unit

Parts of the Motherboard

 AGP slot

Battery

Common PC Ports and Connectors

Computer Parts and Definition

Monitor - A monitor is the screen on which words, numbers, and

graphics can be seem. The monitor is the most common output
device.

Printer - A printer prints whatever is on the monitor onto

paper. Printers can print words, numbers, or pictures.
Headphones - Headphones give sound output from the
computer. They are similar to speakers, except they are worn on
the ears so only one person can hear the output at a time.

Speaker - A speaker gives you sound output from your

computer. Some speakers are built into the computer and
some are separate.

Disk Drives - A disk drive is used to record information from the

computer onto a floppy disk or CD.

Floppy Disk - A floppy disk is used to record information on. The

information is stored on the floppy disk and can be used later or
used on another computer.

Compact Disk - Some compact disks can be used to put

information on. This is called burning information to a CD.

Hard Disk Drive. This is a non-volitile storage medium, all

modern PCs will have one if not more than one. A magnetic disk
that stores data. Usually a fixed disk, permanently sealed in the
drive, though possibly a removable hard disk. A hard disk can
store a huge amount of data up to 400GB on one disk.
The keyboard is a primary input device. It has letter and number
keys, and what are called function keys, computer specific task
keys, that allow you, the user, to use an English-like language to
issue instructions to an electronic environment. It uses a cursor
to keep your place on the screen and to let you know where to
begin typing.

Mouse - The mouse is a hand held device that lets you point to
and selected items on your screen. In a PC mouse there are
mostly 2-3 buttons and on a Mac there is one. A ball under the
mouse senses movement. To ensure smooth motion your should
remove the ball and clean it regularly.

The central processing unit (CPU) is the actual brain of a

computer. It is responsible for processing instructions and
carrying out users' commands. Other parts of the computer serve
the microprocessor, enabling it to do its job.

Read-only memory (ROM) contains the commands your

computer needs to activate itself. Instructions in ROM let the
computer start when the power is turned on, and, unlike RAM,
its contents are retained even when the power is turned off.

RAM (random-access memory) provides the "working space" for

open applications. The CPU uses RAM to access instructions and
data more quickly than could be done from a storage device. To a
large extent the amount of RAM you have determines how many
and what type....
The motherboard (also called a system board or circuit board) is
the most important part of the system. Acting as the foundation
of a computer, the motherboard supplies all of the electrical
connections among various components of the computer,
including the CPU, ROM, and RAM. interface between the
network medium (cable, radio waves etc.) and your PC.

An expansion card is a circuit board that slides into an slot on the

motherboard. These cards add functions such as sound, video, or
communications to your computer.

A video adapter (alternate terms include graphics card, display

adapter, video card, video board and almost any combination of
the words in these terms) is an integrated circuit card in a
computer or, in some cases, a monitor that provides digital-to-
analog conversion, video RAM, and a video controller so that
data can be sent to a computer's display.

A sound card is an expansion card that enables a computer to

produce sound. Examples of uses for sound capabilities include
games, music applications, and interactive educational software.

A network card allows you to connect your PC to a network A

network card is also called network adapter, network interface
controller (NIC), network interface card, or LAN adapter it is a
computer hardware component designed to allow computers to
communicate over a computer network.
V. REFERENCES

[1] Caoili-Tayuan, Ronina R.; Eleazar, Mia V Living in the Information Technology Era
2019, C & E Publishing Inc. Quezon City Philipppines

[2] Vermaat, Misty E.;et.al. Enhanced Discovering Computers 2017; Cengage

Learning Publishing Co.