TOPIC: Direct Current

Direct current (DC) is a type of electric current where the flow of electric charge is consistently
in one direction. In a DC circuit, the electric charges move from the positive terminal of a
voltage source to the negative terminal. Unlike alternating current (AC), where the direction of
the current periodically reverses, DC maintains a steady flow in a single direction.

DC is commonly associated with batteries, fuel cells, and certain types of power supplies. It is
widely used in electronic devices such as laptops, cell phones, and flashlights. The simplicity and
stability of DC make it suitable for applications where a continuous and unidirectional flow of
electrical energy is required.

The voltage in a DC circuit remains constant over time, providing a steady and predictable
source of power. The relationship between current (I), voltage (V), and resistance ® in a DC
circuit is described by Ohm’s Law: \(I = \frac{V}{R}\), where I is the current, V is the voltage,
and R is the resistance.

While DC has its advantages, it also has limitations, particularly in long-distance power
transmission. Alternating current (AC) is often preferred for such applications because it allows
for more efficient voltage transformation and reduces energy losses during transmission.
Nonetheless, DC remains a fundamental component in various electrical systems, serving a
wide range of applications in both portable and stationary devices.