CBSE Class 11

Legal Studies
Unit I Introduction to Political Institutions
1. Concept of State
i. What is a State?

ii. The concept of State and Article 12 of the Indian Constitution

iii. What is Government?

iv. Emergence of the State from Society

v. Definition of State

vi. Theories on the Origin of State

vii. Elements of a State

viii. Role of a State
 2. Forms and Organs of Government
I. Introduction to the Organs of Government

II. Forms of Government

A. Monarchy

B. Aristocracy

C. Dictatorship
D. Democracy

III. Main organs of Government and its functions

• General Functions of Legislature as Organ of Government

• General Functions of Executive as Organ of Government

 • General Functions of Judiciary as an Organ of the Government

3. Separation of Power
IV. Concept of Separation of Powers

V. Historical Background and Evolution of Montesquieu’s Doctrine of

Separation of Powers
E. Montesquieu’s Doctrine of Separation of Powers

F. Basic Features of the Doctrine Separation of Powers as Enunciated by

Montesquieu

G. Checks and Balances of Power

H. Impact of the Doctrine

VI. Evaluation of The Doctrine of Separation of Powers

I. Key Benefits and Advantages of The Doctrine of Separation of Powers

J. Defects of the Doctrine

VII. Separation of Powers In Practice

K. Separation of Powers in Britain

L. Separation of Powers in the United States of America

M. Separation of Powers in India
 Unit 2 Basic Features of The Constitution of India
1. Salient Features of The Constitution of India
ix. Meaning of the term Constitution

x. Definition of the term Constitution

xi. Historical Perspective of Indian Constitution

xii.Salient Features of The Constitution of India

N. A Modern Constitution

O. Lengthiest written Constitution

P. Preamble to the Constitution

Q. Fundamental Rights;

Directive Principles of State Policy;

Fundamental Duties
 Constitutional Provision for Amendment of the Indian Constitution
R. Adult Suffrage

S. Single Citizenship

T. Independent Judiciary

U. Emergency Provisions

V. Federal in form Unitary in character

W. Division of Power- Centre- State Relations

X. Schedules to the Constitution

2. Administrative law
xiii. Background

xiv. Administrative Law and Constitutional Law: Key Differences

xv. Reasons for Growth, Development and Study of Administrative law

xvi. Types of Administrative Actions

xvii. Fundamental Principle of Administrative Law: Rule of Law

xviii. Droit System

 Unit 3 Jurisprudence, Nature and Sources of Laws
1. Jurisprudence, Nature and Meaning of Law
xix. Introduction

xx.Historical Perspective

xxi. Schools of Law

xxii. Function and Purpose of Law

 2. Classification of Laws
xxiii. Classification of Law based on Subject matter

xxiv. Classification of Law based on Scope of Law

xxv. Classification of Law based on Jurisdiction

 3. Sources of Law
xxvi. Where does law come from?

xxvii. Custom as a source of Law

xxviii. Importance of Custom as a source of Law in India

xxix. Judicial Precedent as a Source of Law

xxx. Legislation as a Source of Law

4. Law Reform
xxxi. Need for Law Reform

xxxii. Law Reforms in India

xxxiii. Recent Law Reforms in Independent India
 5. Cyber Laws, Safety and Security in India
xxxiv. Introduction

xxxv. Why do we need Cyber Laws

xxxvi. What is Cyber Law?

xxxvii. What is Cyber safety and Security?

xxxviii. What is cyber Crime?

xxxix. Categories of Cyber Crime

xl. Cyber law in India

xli.Scope and Extent of The Information and Technology Act, 2000(IT Act)
xlii. What was Section 66A of IT Act, 2000?

Unit 4 JUDICIARY : CONSTITUTIONAL, CIVIL AND CRIMINAL COURTS

AND PROCESSES
Judiciary: Constitutional, Civil and Criminal Courts and Processes
xliii. Introduction: Establishment of the Supreme Court and High Courts

xliv. Constitution, Roles and Impartiality

a. Independence and Impartiality of the Supreme Court

b. Structure and Hierarchy of the Courts in India

c. The civil process and functioning of Civil courts

xlv. The Civil Court Structure

d. Common legal terminology

e. Types of jurisdiction

f. Res subjudice and Res judicata in code of civil procedure 1908

xlvi. Structure and Functioning of Criminal Courts in India

g. Types of Offences

h. Criminal Investigations and First Information Report (FIR)

i. Criminal Process- Investigation and Prosecution

j. Doctrine of autrefois acquit and autrefois convict (i.e. previously acquitted

and previously convicted)

k. Function and Role of Police

xlvii. Other courts in India

l. Family Courts

m. Administrative Tribunals

Unit 5 Family Justice System

1. Institutional Framework; Marriage and Divorce
VIII. Nature of Family law in India

IX. Human rights and gender perspective

X. Institutional framework- family Courts

XI. Role of women in the creation of family courts

XII. Role of lawyers and counselors in Family courts

XIII. Role of counselors and gender issues

XIV. Marriage and Divorce

2. Child Rights
xlviii. Child Rights
xlix. Right to Education

l. Right to Health
li. Right to Shelter

lii. Child Labour

liii. Sexual Abuse

liv. Juvenile Justice

 3. Adoption
lv. Adoption

lvi. Minor custody and Guardianship

4. Property, Succession and Inheritance

lvii. Concept of Property: Joint Family Property and Separate Property

lviii. Inheritance and Succession

lix.Intestate Succession

lx. Rules relating to Intestate Succession

lxi.Testamentary Succession

5. Prevention of Violence against Women

XV. What is Domestic abuse / violence?

XVI. International legal framework

XVII. Laws in India on prevention of violence against women