ORAL COMMUNICATION

GROUP DISCUSSION – is a method of communication in which a small group of people come

together to discuss a topic or problem; sharing their ideas and perspectives w/ one another to
come up a solution or decision.

 prior knowledge
 active listening
 effective communication
 appropriate body language

Why Engage in GROUP DISCUSSION?

• To brainstorm ideas

• To come up with reasonable solutions to problems

• To determine the best course of action to resolve conflicts

• To share insights with other people

“Observing Proper Decorum in Group Discussions”

 Respect the opinion of others

 Do not disrupt the one speaking

 Disagree politely to the ideas of others

 Members should not speak all at the same time

 Control your emotions

“Guidelines for Participating in Group Discussions”

1. Read about the topic

2. Choose a format for discussion

3. Determining roles of members of the group discussion

4. Establish guide questions based on the topic

5. Identify the problems

 6. Propose a solutions

7. Stay on topic

The Dos and Don'ts in group discussion

Things you should DO in group discussion:

• Speak respectfully with members of the group

• Acknowledge the input of every member

• Disagree politely to an idea or argument you find unreasonable and give an explanation
as to why you disagree.

Things you should NOT DO during group discussion

• Never loose cool

• Do not interrupt the one speaking

• Do not dominate the discussion

• Do not be aggressive showing arrogant gestures like pointing fingers

Writing and Delivering a Speech

PURPOSE OF WRITING AND DELIVERING THE SPEECH:

 To inform – an informative speech provides the audience with a clear understanding of

the concept or idea presented by the speaker.
 To entertain – an entertainment speech provides the audience with amusement.
 To persuade – provides the audience with well-argued ideas that can influence their
own beliefs or decisions.

TOPIC – is your main point, which can be determined once you have decided on you purpose.

NARROWING DOWN A TOPIC – means making your main idea more specific and focused.

DATA GATHERING – collecting ideas, information, sources and references relevant to your
specific topic.

WRITING PATTERNS – will help you organize the ideas.

WRITING A SPEECH

OUTLINE – is a hierarchical list that shows the relationship of your ideas.

1.TABLE FORMAT

 Body – provides an explanation, examples, or any details.

The ff are some STRATEGIES to highlight your main ideas:

 present a real-life or practical examples.

 show statistics.
 present comparisons.
 share ideas from the experts or practitioners.

 Introduction – is the foundation of your speechx.

 Conclusion – restates the main idea of your speech; summary.

The ff are some STRATEGIES:

 Begin your conclusion with a restatement of your message.

 Use positive examples, encouraging words, or memorable lines from songs or stories to
your audience.
 Ask a question or series of questions that can make your audience reflect or ponder.
EDITING/REVISING YOUR WRITTEN SPEECH INVOLVES CORRECTING ERRORS IN MECHANICS,
SUCH AS GRAMMR, PUNCTUATION, CAPITALIZATION, UNITY, COHERENCE, AND OTHERS.

 EDIT FOR FOCUS.

- What’s the point/message of the speech?
 EDIT FOR CLARITY.
- Can’t understand the message because it is confusing.
 EDIT FOR CONCLUSION.
- The speech is all over the place; kept on talking endlessly.
 EDIT FOR CONTINUITY.
- Speech was too difficult to follow.
 EDIT FOR VARIETY.
- Didn’t enjoy the speech because it was boring.
 EDIT FOR IMPACT BEAUTY.
- Nothing special.

REHEARSING – it gives you an opportunity to identify what works and what does not work.

“Constant practice makes perfect.”

SOME GUIDELINES IN SPEECH WRITING

1. Keep your words short and simple.

2. Avoid jargon, acronyms, or technical words.
3. Make your speech personal (I, we)
4. Use active verbs and pronouns.
5. Be sensitive to your audience.
6. Use metaphors and other figure of speech.
7. Manage your time well.

Preparing and delivering an informative Speech

Speech - language refers to the means of communication used by people; is the expression of
ideas and thoughts by means of articulate vocal sounds, or the faculty of thus expressing ideas
and thoughts.

INFORMATIVE SPEECH

- conveys knowledge; a task that every person engages in every day in some form or another.

- does not attempt to convince the audience.

Example of an informative Speech:

 lecture given by a teacher.

 manager in a retail store giving a presentation to her staff

How to choose speech topic?

• What types of topics are you genuinely interested in?

• Why do you want to give this speech? What’s the goal of your speech?

• Who’s your audience?

The 4 types of informative speeches:

Definition/Definitive Speeches

- You’re likely to define a concept, theory, or word for your audience so they can more
deeply understand the rest of a presentation or the main point of an idea.
- the definition of a phrase specific to finance and describe how it's used within that
context.
- the presenter showcases and explains a process, task, or concept to the audience.
- to educate and engage the listeners.

Explanatory speeches

- give your audience an idea about the state of something and describe how and why it's
in that state.

Descriptive speeches

- to create a visual image for audiences about a specific object, place, or person.
- best to use to depict something specific for an audience, especially if it's something they
can't see or experience for themselves or if you have no visual representation for it, like
pictures or diagrams.

Preparing and delivering an informative Speech

Tips for giving an informative speech

• Be accurate

• Practice
 • Keep it simple

• Be brief

• Explain what you know

• Consider supporting evidence

Preparing and Delivering a Persuasive Speech

persuasive speech

- is a type of speech where the goal is to convince the audience to accept the speaker's point of
view or perform a desired action.

- to convince someone to believe or do something.

- debates, sales pitches, presentations and legal proceedings.

Methods of Persuasion

Ethos: is the speaker's credibility.

-an effective speaker proves to the audience they're an expert on the topic and deserve the
audience's attention.

Pathos: Show’s the capability of a speaker to relate to his audience emotionally.

Logos: Is the speaker's ability to use logic and reasoning to convince the audience.
Persuasive Speech to be effective:

 Become an expert.
 Set and state a goal.
 Learn about your audience.
 Create an outline.
 Write a strong introduction.
 Provide evidence.
 End with a call to action.
 Practice your speech.

GOODLUCK! (: