Perfect

modals
With them we express speculation and
regret
Speculation means to guess.Example:
She could have gone
to bed
Subject + modal + have + verb +
complement

For modals we can use could,may or

must
To make the sentence negative we just
need to add NOT after the modal
We do not use has, instead we use have
When we use perfect modal we use
irregular verbs
Very certain: must have happened
Kind of certain: could have happened
Not very certain :may have or might
have
Very certain it did not happened: must
have noto r could have not happened
Kind of certain it did not happen: may
not or might not have happened
Not very certain it did not happen: may
not have happened or might not have
happened

Regret:
You should have been a better
friend
Subject + should + have + verb + a
compliment
(past participle)

Contract: (always contrat)

Affirmatives:
Could+have = could’ve
Might+have=might’ve
May+have= may’ve
Negatives:
Could +not= couldn’t
Might+not= X
May+not= X
Must+not= mustn’t

Exercises:
1.Mario has been watching that movie
all day. He must’ve liked it very much.
2. Sandra was very hungry, but she
didn’t eat a lot. She mustn’t have liked
the food.
3. Her number was busy all night. She
must’ve been on the pone continously
for hours.