Ought To

ought to is similar to should, but it is much less frequent.Like should, the verb ought to does not
have a past form. It is only used with reference to the present and the future.Ought to is rarely
used in questions and negatives. When it is, it is confined mainly to formal styles.
Use of ought to :
- Advise or make recommendation
- express assumption or expectation as well as strong probability
Ought to : form
Affirmative
S + Ought to + Simple Verb
Ought to comes after the subject and before another verb:
We ought to do more exercise.
Ought to cannot be used with another modal verb:
Medicine ought to be free.
Not: Medicine ought to can be free. or Medicine can ought to be free

Negative
S + Ought + not + to + simple verb
In negatives, not comes between ought and to. It can be contracted to oughtn’t to. We don’t
use don’t, doesn’t, didn’t with ought to:
We ought not to have ordered so much food.
Not: We don’t ought to have ordered so much food.
You oughtn’t to have said that about his mother.
Not: You didn’t ought to have said that about his mother.
The negative of ought to is not common. We usually use shouldn’t or should not instead:

Questions
Ought + subject + to + object ?
The subject and ought to change position to form questions, the subject comes between ought
and to. We don’t use do, does, did:
Ought she to call the police?
Not: Does she ought to call the police?
Ought we to be more worried about the environment?
Not: Do we ought to be more worried about the environment
The question form of ought to is not very common. It is very formal. We usually
use should instead.

Had Better
We use had better to refer to the present or the future, to talk about actions we think people
should do or which are desirable in a specific situation. The verb form is always had, not have.
We normally shorten it to ’d better in informal situations. It is followed by the infinitive
without to:
It’s five o’clock. I’d better go now before the traffic gets too bad.
Not: I’d better to go now.
Had better is a strong expression. We use it if we think there will be negative results if someone
does not do what is desired or suggested:
She’d better get here soon or she’ll miss the opening ceremony.
Spoken English:
Sometimes people say had best instead of had better, especially in informal speaking. This
sounds slightly less strong and less direct:
You’d best leave it till Monday. There’s no one in the office today.
Had better : form
Affirmative
S + Had better + bare infinitive
You‘d better go to bed now before falling asleep sitting here.
Negative
S + Had better + not + bare infinitve
I’d better not leave my bag there. Someone might steal it
Question
The question form of had better This means the same as should, but is more formal
Positive Question
Had + S + Better + Bare Infinitive ?
Had I better speak to Joan first before I send this form off?
Negative questions
Had Better + not + S + bare infinitive
Negative questions with had better are more common than affirmative ones:
Hadn’t we better ring the school and tell them Liam is sick?