VOLLEYBALL
 Invented in Holyoke, Massachusetts on February 9,
1895 by William G. Morgan.
 William G. Morgan – Young Men’s Christian Association
(YMCA) Physical education director
 Mintonette was the first name of the game created as a
past time for older members of YMCA
 The game became known as volleyball after Alfred
Halstead observed the nature of the game. It was first
spelled as two words “volley ball” until modified by
International YMCA training school
FIRST RULES
 Played indoors and by any number of players
 Composed of a match with 9 innings
 Each team had 3 serves for each inning
 In case of a serving error, a second try was permissible
 No limit to number of ball contacts for each team before
transferring the ball to the opponent’s court
FACILITIES & EQUIPMENT
 PLAYING AREA – includes the court and the free zone.
The VB court is rectangular in shape and measures 9m
wide and 18m long. Meanwhile, the free zone should
have a minimum measurement of 3m.
 NET AND POST – for men’s competition, the height of
the net on its top is 2.43m and for women’s, veterans,
and junior competitions, it is 2.24m. a flexible rod 1.8m
long is placed at the top of the net sides with a diameter
of 10mm
 BALL – the Federation Internationale de Volleyball
(FIVB) regulations state that the ball must be
 Spherical
 Made of leather or synthetic leather
 Circumference: 65-67cm
 Weight: 260-280g
PLAYERS & FORMATIONS
 Each team is composed of 12 players, during the actual
play, 6 players are inside the court (3 front-row players
and three back-row players).
 Front-row players in the attack zone are the blocker and
attacker of the team
 Back-row players dig the opponent’s attck for defense
 Libero – can substitute any player is the ball is dead and
his substitution is not counted as legal. If he becomes a
front-line player, he automatically gets out of the game.
Volleyball positions:
 Setter
 Right-side hitter
 Middle blocker
 Opposite
 Outside hitter
 Middle blocker/libero
Note: The members rotate in a clockwise direction moving to
the next area.
BASIC SKILLS IN VB
 Serve – put the ball in play toward the opponent’s
courtside
TYPES:
 Underhand serve – easiest kind of service. the non-
striking hand will gently toss the ball. the striking hand is
in a fist and hits the ball below the waist level.
 Overhead serve – tossed overhead, and the server
strikes above head level
 Dig – to prevent ball from touching the court’s ground. It
is a defensive action wherein players bend their knees
with weight in front, enablin them to extend in retrieveing
the ball.
 Set – technique of putting the ball in the air where the
attacker can strike it hard toward the opponent’s court
 Pass – aka reception. This is the act of handling the
opponent’s service or attzck. It can be in a form of
underarm pass where the ball touches the joined
forearms or overhand pass, similar to a set where it is
handled by the fingertips above the head.
 Attack – aka spike. It is the technique of striking the ball
overhead just above the net so it lands on the
opponent’s court. Only frontrow players are allowed to
execute an attack.
 Block – technique of stopping the opponent’s attack or
strike. It is classified accdg to the number of players
involved: single, double, and triple block.
GAME PLAY
 A toss coin is made by the first referee to decide the first
serving team. The team with ball possession and the
one that attacks is the offensive team, and the team that
prevents the attacker is called the defensive team.
 When the ball is in play, the team must return the ball
over the net of their opponent's courtside in no more
than three contacts. A player can only touch the ball
once. If the player commits two consecutive hits, a
violation is called by the referee, and the point is
awarded to the opponent's team.
 When a team wishes to have a time-out, it should only
last for 30 seconds, and they are only allowed to have
two time-outs per set. All the members should be in the
free zone area during time-outs.
 In case of a substitute, an authorization from the referee
is required, and it should take place within the
substitution zone.
 Rally point is given to a team that wins a rally. A rally is
the playing action from service until the ball is out of
play. A match is won by the team that wins three or five
sets. The first team to score 25 points wins a set. The
deciding set is played to 15 points. In case of a tie, a
two-point advantage is needed.
OFFICIATING VB
Sports officiating is the supervision of sports competitions
with the application of an organized set of rules. It requires
profound understanding of the nature and background of the
sport. A sport official should possess characteristics such as
accuracy and unbiased judgment. The quality of the sport
depends on the knowledge of the sports official. It is
important to appreciate and acquire the rules and regulations
of the sport for a successful play. Knowledge of the duties
and functions of game officials is essential for an organized
game.

OFFICERS AND THEIR ROLES

 First Referee
 Leads the match from the start until the game ends
 The decision of the first referee is final; in case the
team captain does not agree with the decision, a
record of protest is filed.
 Can replace any other officials if not performing well
 Has the authority to resolve game matters even not
provided in the rules
 Does the inspection prior to the match: playing
area, ball, net, and post
 Does the coin toss with the team captains
 Controls the warm-ups of the teams
 Has the authority to give warning to the teams
 Gives sanctions such as misconduct and delays
 Checks and signs the score sheet at the end of the
match
 Second Referee
 Helps the first referee
 Can replace the first referee if he/she cannot
continue his/her duty
 May also give signal faults but has no right to insist
it to the first referee
 Directs the work of the scorer
 Supervises the conduct of the nonplaying members
of the team on the bench
 Permits interruptions and discards improper appeal
 Controls the team time-outs and substitutions
 Can authorize an exceptional substitution in case of
a player injury Checks the condition of the floor and
the ball during match if it is still in good state
 Scorer
 Keeps the score sheet
 Reports irregularities using a buzzer to the referee
 Does the recording of the names and numbers of
the players and takes the signatures of the captain
and coaches of every team Registers the starting
lineup of the teams
 Records the scores of the team during the match
 Monitors the order of the service
 Gives notifications to any player requests such as
time-outs and substitution
 Announces the scores to the referees at the end of
each set Records the sanctions of the players.
 Signs the score sheet and attains the signatures of
the team captains and coaches
 Line judges
 Raise the flag vertically when the ball lands out;
raise it when the ball is inside
 Wave the flag overhead when the ball crosses the
outside antenna of the net
 Cross their arms on chest level while holding the
flag if the judgment is impossible
 Point the flag to the end when the server crosses
the end line
 Raise the flag and touch the tip of it with their palms
when the ball falls outside and the player touches it