Chapter 6

Muslim Organize
 What was Curzon’s
Lesson #1
Mistake
Partition of Bengal
1905
  The partition of Bengal came into force on 16th October in 1905, according
to which Bengal was divided into two provinces:

THE  (A) East Bengal & Assam with Dhaka as its capital. The eastern province
would include Assam and three districts previously considered to be a part
PARTITION of West Bengal, Dhaka, Chittagong and Mymensingh. It had a population
of 31million people out of which 18 million were Muslims.

 (B) West Bengal with Calcutta its capital. It had a population of 54 million
out of which 45 million was Hindus.
  Largest Province in area, difficult to govern as one unit e.g.
communication
 Largest Population, Bigger than entire British population.
 British Muslims relationship had detoriated since 1857, partition
to improve relations
 Hindus were becoming stronger in Bengal especially with the help
Causes of the of congress
partition  East Bengal was in weak economic condition, this could be
improved (Chittagong seaport, infrastructure, Jute Mill/industrial
setup)
 Bal Gangadhar Tilak of Poona ignited Hindu Nationalism, this
needed countering
 In 1870’s, many secret societies sprung up against British, 1897
British officer assassinated . Partition to reduce Hindu power
  Muslims were happy with the partition as their position was
Muslims improved overnight.
 Their relations with the British has been restored.
Reaction to
 Muslims were in majority in and could protect their rights.
Partition  Muslims escaped from the oppression of Hindu rule.
  Resented/ opposed the partition
 Believed that this was the British policy of divide and rule.
 Believed that the British had tried to weaken the unity of Hindus
by dividing into East and west Bengal.
The Hindu  Protested against the partition and proclaimed it as day of
mourning.
view
 Assassination attempts were made on the future viceroy lord
Minto.


  The Hindus introduced a boycott of British goods like salt, cloth
and other manufactured products.
 British cloth was thrown onto bonfires and start wearing locally
Swadeshi produced clothes.
Movement  Indian worker in the offices began a series of strikes.
 The sale of British goods dropped.
  Restrictions were placed on newspapers and public meetings.

British reaction  News editors were prosecuted and arrested.

 Press Act was introduced, which gave more control over the
to the Hindu newspapers.
protest  Bal Gangadhar tilak was arrested.
 Some leaders left India to avoid arrest.
  Partition was reversed in 1911.

 Reasons for reversal:

Why was the  Lord Minto assassination attempt - British feared for officer’s lives
partition
reversed?  Swadeshi movement crippled British economy

 Congress, largest political party in India supported reversal

  Why the British partitioned Bengal in 1905? [7]
Questions and  Why were the Hindus ( INC) opposing the partition? [7]

Answers  What was the Swadeshi Movement? [4]

 Why did the British reverse the partition of Bengal? [7]
  Why did the Muslim League Demand Self Government?
Lesson #2  Text Book pg # 54,55
Lesson #3
The British Face the Rice of Nationalism
Textbook Pg # 57
  What was the Simla Deputation? [4]
Questions  Why was the Simla Deputation so important in the history of
Pakistan Movement? [7]
 Why was All India Muslim League founded? [7]
 What were the major aims of All India Muslim League? [4]
Leesson #4  What was the Importance of the Lucknow Pact In 1916?
  Introduction

Lessons  Background

Objectives:
 The Pact Explanation

 Importance of the pact

  What was the Lucknow Pact? [4]

Outputs:  Why was the Lucknow pact signed? [7]

 Why was the Lucknow Pact so important? [7]

  After joining the Muslim League in 1913 the
Quaid-e- Azam started clearing the path of
Hindu Muslim Unity. in 1915 the annual
meeting of Congress and Muslim League
were held together at Bombay because of
BACKGROUN his efforts. At last in 1916 once
D more the meeting of both parties were held
together at Lucknow where a written
agreement was signed between the two
parties. Which in the history of sub-
continent is called the Lucknow Pact 1916.
  To achieve common aims and pressurize British Policy of
Repression against Indians, worried Congress and League.
Why was the
Lucknow Pact  Jinnah Member of Congress and League was a believer in their
unity and convinced them to hold sessions together for Indian’s
signed? sake.

 British deliberately leaked/let it known that they were going to
make reforms, Indians wanted to let their demands be known
 In 1913, a new group of Muslim leaders
entered the folds of the Muslim League
with the aim of bridging the gulf between
the Muslims and the Hindus.
The Muslim League changed its major
objective and decided to join hands with
PACT the Congress in order to put pressure on
the British government.
The annual sessions of the Congress and
the League in their annual session held at
Lucknow on December 29 and December
31, 1916 respectively.
 There shall be self-government in India.
Muslims should be given one-third
representation in the central government.
There should be separate electorates for all
the communities until a community
MAIN demanded for joint electorates.
CLAUSES The number of the members of Central
Legislative Council should be increased
to 150.
Members of Legislative Council should
themselves elect their president.
Half of the members of Imperial Legislative
Council should be Indians.
Indian Council must be abolished.
Out of two Under Secretaries, one should
be Indian.
The Executive should be separated
from the Judiciary.
  Congress agreed to demands of separate electorate. Congress
willing to support Muslims

 Congress agreed to extra seats, gave Muslims more seats than

population

 Congress agreed to no law affecting the community being passed

Importance: until 3 quarters supported it – showing support for minorities

 Muslims League realized that being closer to the INC was better to
protect their rights.

 First time Hindus and Muslims were working together and were
successful.
  The agreement was very outstanding and its
dreams were fulfilled the whole political
scenario of Indian subcontinent were
different. But, it was impossible to the
parties to make a united India. The
CONCLUSION Hindus and Muslims are two different
nation and they have different culture and
civilization. Therefore the Lucknow Pact
failed to make a long lasting cooperation in
India among the Muslims and Hindus.
  Quid e Azam
Lesson # 5  Early Life
 From the TextBook pg.59,60
  Why did The Montago Report causes so much Anger?
Lesson # 6  Pg.61
 What was Diarchy ? [4]
 What was the Government of India Act 1919?
 Why did the British Introduce the Mont-Ford Reforms? [7]
 Why did the Indians reject the Montagu Chelmsford reforms? [7]
  Council of princely states that was purely advisory/A talking shop.
Reaction to
Montagu-  System of Diarchy laws made by Indians in transferred subjects
Chelmsford could be amended or removed.

reforms.
 Number of voters increased but still low -2%- because of high
property .
Lesson # 7  British Determination (C)
 ➢ Arrest without warrant
Highlights of
➢ Detention without bail
Rowlatt act
➢ The right of the provincial to order where to
live
  What was the Diarchy? [4]

Questions  Why were the Montagu Chelmsford reforms rejected? [7]

 What was the Rawlatt Act? [4]

 What happened at Jallianwala Bagh in 1919? [4]