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Understanding Physical and Chemical Properties

This document discusses key concepts in general chemistry including: - Physical and chemical properties as well as physical and chemical changes - The three states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases and their characteristics - Mixtures and pure substances - Common separation techniques used in chemistry like evaporation, distillation, and filtration - Classification of matter as pure substances or mixtures that can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous - Significant figures rules for determining precision of measurements

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Davis Pasuquin
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23 views2 pages

Understanding Physical and Chemical Properties

This document discusses key concepts in general chemistry including: - Physical and chemical properties as well as physical and chemical changes - The three states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases and their characteristics - Mixtures and pure substances - Common separation techniques used in chemistry like evaporation, distillation, and filtration - Classification of matter as pure substances or mixtures that can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous - Significant figures rules for determining precision of measurements

Uploaded by

Davis Pasuquin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

GEN CHEM

PHYSICAL PROPERTY Mixture

any characteristic that can be determined without - variable composition


changing the substance's chemical identity - components retain their characteristic properties
- may be separated into pure substances by physical
-INTENSIVE PROPERTY method
Does not depend on the amount of substance - Mixtures of different compositions may have widely
different properties
-EXTENSIVE PROPERTY
Pure substance
Dependent on the amount of matter being measured
Element
PHYSICAL CHANGE - cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by
chemical changes
-no new substance is formed
-reversible i.e Elements in the Periodical Table

CHEMICAL PROPERTY Compound


- can be decomposed into simpler substances by
Determined only by changing a substance's molecular
chemical changes
structure
i.e H₂O, CO₂
CHEMICAL CHANGE
Mixture
-new substance is formed
-irreversible Homogeneous
- have same composition throughout
STATES OF MATTER
- components are indistinguishable
SOLIDS
i.e Alloys, Air
1. Definite Shape
2. Definite Volume Heterogeneous
3. High Density - do not have same composition throughout
4. Slightly Compressible - components are distinguishable

LIQUIDS i.e oil in water, foggy air


1. No Definite Shape
2. Definite Volume
3. Mid to High Density Simple Separation Techniques in Chemistry
4. Slightly Compressible
 Evaporation
GASES
 Distillation
1. No Definite Shape
 Decantation
2. No Definite Volume
 Filtration
3. Low Density
 Magnetic Separation
4. Highly Compressible
 Chromatography

Significant Figures
Classification of Matter
Sig Fig rule
Pure substance 1. Non-zero numbers are significant.
2. Captive zeros are significant.
- fixed composition 3. If a number has a decimal point, trailing zeros are
- cannot be separated into simpler substances by significant.
physical methods 4. If a number has no decimal point, trailing zeros are
- can only be changed in identity and properties by not significant.
chemical methods 5. Leading zeros in a number are not significant.
- Properties do not vary
PACIFIC ATLANTIC

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