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C.Masina
The Liver
• The largest internal body organ
• Largest gland
• Largest organ apart from skin
• Weighs about 1.5kg
• Found in the upper abdominal cavity: extends
from right upper quadrant to left upper quadrant
of the abdomen
• Attached to diaphragm by
falciform and coronary ligaments
Left and right triangular ligaments
Functions
• Bile production and secretion
• Detoxification
• Storage of glycogen
• Protein synthesis
• Production of heparin and bile pigments
• Erythropoiesis (in fetus)
Liver surfaces
• Divided into 2 anatomical regions:
1.Diaphragmatic surface:
Smooth and dome-shaped surface
Anterior liver part
Inferior to diaphragm
Separated from diaphragm by subphrenic recess
and from posterior organs {kidney and suprarenal
glands} by hepatorenal recess
Covered by peritoneum except
1.Diaphragmatic surface
2. Visceral surface
Covered by visceral peritoneum except porta
hepatis and gall bladder bed.
• The visceral surface is related to:
Right side of the stomach i.e. gastric and pyloric areas
Superior part of the duodenum i.e. duodenal area
Lesser omentum
Gall bladder
Right colic flexor
and right transverse area ; colic area
Right kidney
and suprarenal gland; Renal area
Posterior liver view
Liver lobes
Right and left lobe
Functionally independent
i.e. each with own blood and nerve
supply
3. Imaginary line
from fundus of
gall bladder and
inferior vena cava
Liver lobes
2. Left lobe
Divided into:
Medial and lateral
segments
1.Medial superior
– caudate lobe
2.Medial inferior
- quadrate lobe
2. Left lobe cont…
The lateral segment
is separated from the
medial segments by:
On visceral surface:
1. fissure of
ligamentum teres
(round ligament)
2. fissure of
ligamentum
venosum
On diaphragmatic
surface:
1. Attachment of
falciform ligament
Visceral surface
1. The round ligament(ligamentum
teres) – obliterated umbilical vein
2. The ligamentum venosum – fibrous
remnant of fetal ductus vein
3. The Porta hepatis (hepatic potal;
portal fissure) - transverse fissure
on the visceral surface of the liver.
– It gives passage to the:
1. Portal vein
2. Hepatic artery
3. Hepatic nerve plexus
4. Hepatic ducts
5. Lymphatic vessels
Peritoneal relations of the Liver
The Lesser omentum
• Encloses the portal triad (bile duct, hepatic artery and portal vein
)
• Passes from the liver to lesser curvature of the stomach + 2 cm of
duodenum
• Thick free edge -- hepatoduodenal ligament
• Sheet like remainder – hepatogastric ligament
To be continued ….
• To be continued………………..
• To be continued………………..