Clinical Psychology Assignment 2

Submitted To:
Ma’am Habiba Tariq
Submitted By:
Group 1
[Farwa – 23201090002]
[Mahnoor – 23201090004]
[Tehreem Maqsood – 23201090007]
[Fatima Moazzam – 23201090010]

Introduction to clinical psychology and psychotherapies 104 (X)

Bs Psychology (Clinical) 2nd Semester
Session (2023-2026)

Bs Clinical Psychology Department

Gift University, Gujranwala
 ASSIGNMENT 2

1. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

2. Behavior Therapy Techniques
3. Systematic Desensitization
4. Token Economy
5. Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Techniques:

https://youtu.be/8-2WQF3SWwo?si=ltbu_wLNdHVLqkCd
CBT Topic done by: Fatima Moazzam

1. Identifying Negative Thoughts:

• I feel like "I'm unlovable by everybody right that’s my core belief. I don’t
feel like, I will ever find somebody. Who loves me. I'm worthless."

2. Changing Negative Thoughts:

• I would probably only in terms of a romantic relationship, I would

probably only date someone who I felt was like, below my league I guess
yeah that’s a rude thing to say. Dr, but um its honest & I think you are
not alone in that.

3. Doing Activities to Feel Better:

• Be open and honest, Stick to your treatment plan. This can help improve
 their mood and motivation.

4. Facing Fears Gradually:

• Core beliefs are your biggest fear, meaning that if it was true, it would
be devastating, if you truly were worthless or if you truly were unlovable
that would be devastating.

5. Learning New Skills:

• The therapist teaches the client new skills, like: Learning to recognize
one's distortions in thinking that are creating problems, and then to
reevaluate them in light of reality.

6. Homework:

• The tasks the therapist gives the client to do between sessions, like:
completing worksheets or thought records.

7. Setting Goals Together:

• The therapist and client decide, start by identifying broad motives,

hopes, and dreams.

8. Talking About Progress:

• Work with your therapist to set goals, check in with your feelings
regularly, note any changes in how you're feeling, Be open and honest
with your therapist.

9. Feeling Stronger and More Confident:

• Improved emotional well-being, healthier relationships, and a greater
sense of self-acceptance.

10. Working Together:

• The therapist and client work as a team, by recognizing negative
thoughts, people may be able to change their behavior to healthier
alternatives.
Behavior Therapy Techniques:

https://youtu.be/MyXdvt4_AZA?si=M5Nq84kiULj7hAqC

Behavioral therapy Topic done by: Mahnoor

1. Identifying Problem Behaviors:

• Client had narcissistic personality disorder.

2. Understanding Triggers:

• Client had the problem with co-worker as they don’t work

according and level of her. Client had also problem that co-
workers criticized her due to her rigid behavior.

3. Taking Small Steps:

• Therapist listened to the client every carefully and then pick up the
main points of the problem by sum them in few words. On every
session therapist provided on or only two steps to follow up until next
session.

4. Facing Fears Gradually:

• Client had problem with co-worker’s negativity than therapist offered

to take it, in the positive way and also hide her ideas and feelings.

5. Practice and Homework:

• Therapist gave her activities like to work on her own thoughts

 and to be positive. These activities helped him to tackle with the
problems.

6. Tracking Progress:

• Client had got the real problem of his life and she accepted them.
And she wanted to improve them.

7. Feeling Stronger:

• Client was more motivated to deal with the problem and she wanted
and followed all the rules of therapist.

8. Working Together:

• Therapist and client worked together and also listened to each other
carefully and respect each other’s ideas. Therapist gave solution by
asking question from the client and then modified the ides of client.

Systematic Desensitization:

https://youtu.be/ZIirvI4mFTY?si=YFgCZkPo1OXmSYOi
Systematic Desensitization topic done by: Farwa

1. Identifying Problem Behaviors:

• Fear of snakes and phrases.

• You may have no history with snakes so it may not be related to

anything in the past you just always assumed that they were
dangerous.
 • Other issues that are triggering are a phrase somebody says.

2. Understanding Triggers:

• When I work with my clients one of the first thing I do is, I have
them learn about the trigger and then as they are learning about
it you know they start thinking about a trigger for example
snakes because lots of people are afraid of snakes.

• So, I will have them learning about the snakes and while they
are learning about it, because they’re reading about something
that they are afraid of they’re going to experience an enhanced
stress response.

• So, while they are learning they’re also going to be mindful and
take breaks to down regulate that stress response using
breathing, relaxation, distress tolerant thoughts.

3. Taking Small Steps:

• Its important that you feel safe and empowered. When you start you need
to feel really grounded before you take the next step, then you need to
master the ability to use breathing relaxation and distress tolerance skills
to down regulate your stress response.

• First step is that they can think about it objectively like, this is a smell or
this is a snake and not get stressed out.

• Next step is, in a safe environment imagine a recent time when you were
triggered. Imagine that situation and down regulate that stress response.
Repeat this process till you don’t feel triggered by the thought.

• Then move on to the step where exposure in a safe situation or from a

distance.

• Final step can be immersion or ownership, when you regularly exposed

to something and you realize you are able to manage your response.
 • Guided imagery can be used to see yourself successfully completing the
task or getting through something that is difficult.

• Sometimes sensations like a smell like essential oils that you like can
help you feel more grounded and more relaxed.

4. Facing Fears Gradually:

• There are a couple of phrases that I can think of, that when I
hear them, it triggers that stress response and I’m like oh
don’t say that. Even though it has nothing to do with the
current situation you know somebody is just using a turn of
phrase it reminds me of a time in the past that was very
stressful.

• You can own it instead of avoiding the phrase and trying not to hear
it say it start using that phrase as much as possible. Exposing yourself
to that and being around it and even associating it with positive things
and make it yours to control.

• Just like that you can overcome fear of snakes like:

• Learn about snakes.

• Think about a snake.

• Think about being in a room with a caged snake.

• Think about being in a room with someone else holding a snake.

• Think about petting a snake someone else is holding.

• Think about holding a snake.

5. Practice and Homework:

• Learn about the snake and get facts-based knowledge.

• Practice thinking about the snake.

6. Tracking Progress:

• Therapist keeps track of the progress of its client by checking the

homework that was given to the client.

• Client feels improvements in the fears.

7. Feeling Stronger:

• Client felt more confident when he got to know that he can

overcome these fears.

• Client was proud when he started thinking about the fears and
also regulating his stress.

8. Working Together:

• Therapist ensures that the client is feeling safe and

empowered.

• Client and therapist were working together as a team and client

was discussing everything openly.

• Therapist listens to the client carefully and guided him.

Token Economy:

https://youtu.be/ub68dzs0ZnY?si=99r8nGeoKfLmZ24H
 https://youtu.be/hjFPxbAslok?si=1A_YMpuMWzqmfxYb

Token economy done by: Tehreem

1. Understanding Rewards:

• Therapist used dollars as token. Client was rewarded to raise

hand. The reward was playing money.

2. Earning Tokens:

• Raising hand to ask question or to answer with eye contact and stay
quiet after hands up, not shouting out answers or question were
some rules to follow up. When they completed their task, they felt
more confident.

3. Spending Tokens:

• There were some choices for client like, extra computer time, help
the teacher for a day, line leader, candy from teacher’s store, free
homework pass, a candy in class, sit at the teacher’s desk, lunch from
teacher, go to lunch early.
• A client used his token to get candy from teacher’s store.

4. Setting Goals:

• Therapist decided to collect 20 dollars to get reward. They were

motivated to get reward.

5. Feedback and Recognition:

• Therapist motivated them when they followed the rules. Client also
 felt happy.

6. Consistency and Fairness:

• Yes therapist applied therapy on all fairly and all clients had equal
opportunities.

7. Motivation and Participation:

• Client was more motivated because they got reward by own choice.
That’s why they paid more attention toward therapy.

8. Tracking Progress:

• Client was given token as 5 dollars on every raising hand and

whenever they collected 20 dollars, they could use reward by own
choice. Therapist applied therapy on client consistently and the
rules were becoming the part of their behavior

Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy (PMR):

https://youtu.be/wGlWXiu4vLA?si=RDit5S-01rPVtT_l
PMR Topic done by: Farwa

1. Understanding Relaxation Techniques:

• As a technique PMR helps distract the mind and relax our

muscles. Sometimes people like to use this to help them go
to sleep at night. It also helps us develop some kinesthetic
memory and so we want to educate our muscles about the
difference between tension and relaxation.
 • Imagine a hoop starting at the top of your head and scanning
your body. I want you to scan any tension in your body that
you’re carrying in your muscles. So, notice, are you carrying
any tension from your head to toe.

• Did you notice any tension that you weren’t paying attention
to before.

2. Client Participation:

• Client 1-The left side of my back there’s like this one spot that I didn’t
really notice but there is a pain.

• Client 2- I was kind of holding it tight in my neck and my shoulders

and a little bit in my jaw too.

• Client 3- I was feeling tightness in my brows.

3. Demonstration of PMR:

• So, one thing to know is if you have any injuries since we’re going
to tense and relax different muscle groups, you’re going to want to
be careful.

• Also, when we are going to tense and relax you don’t want to tense
up so much you give yourself a cramp.

• Remember to breathe throughout the exercise.

• Sit as comfortably as possible and take several slow deep breaths in

and out and if you feel comfortable doing so most people get more
benefit if they close their eyes but you can peek on me to follow me
once a while.

• Were going to start with our arms and hands. So, tensing up folding
your arms, hands, tensing up your biceps, your triceps feeling that
tension and then relax, breathe in and out and let the muscles relax.
Repeat it again one more time.
 • Now we are going to tense up our neck and shoulders so, bringing
your shoulders up to your ears feeling that tension in your neck and
shoulders and relax, breathe in and out and let the muscles in your
neck and shoulders relax. Repeat it one more time.

• Now you are going to tense up muscles of your face so, tensing up
your eyes, jaw your mouth filling that tension in your face and then
relax, breathe in and out and let the muscles of your face relax. Repeat
one more time.

• This time we are going to do our arms in a different way reaching out
spreading your fingers wide feeling that tension in your upper back,
your fingers and your arms again and relax, breathe in and out and let
the muscles in your upper back, fingers and arms relax. Repeat it one
more time.

• Now we are going to do our stomach and lower back bringing your
bellybutton into your spine tensing up your stomach and your lower
back and then relax breath in and out let the muscles in your stomach
and lower back relax. Repeat one more time.

• Now we are going to do our legs, calves and feet so lifting up your
heels and pushing your legs together creating tension in your calves,
feet and your legs feeling that tension all the way down your lower
body and then relax breath in and out and let the muscles in your
calves, feet and legs relax. Repeat one more time.

• Now feel your forehead, jaw, neck, shoulders, arms, back, legs,
calves, feet get relaxed, breathe in and out and feel more relaxed.

• Now bring your focus of attention back to the room.

4. Client Participation:

• All clients were participating equally and following the instructions

well.
5. Feedback and Reflection:

• There was no feedback of clients regarding this relaxing exercise.

• All clients were looking more relaxed than before.

6. Integration with Breathing Exercises:

• Therapist was breathing in and out slowly while doing the muscle
relaxation exercise.

• Therapist was maintaining the breathing and exercise of the clients

very well.

7. Benefits of PMR:

• If you’re having a hard time going to sleep it might be something

to help distract your mind.

• It will help clients to feel stress free, and relax their tensed muscles
and make their sleep quality better

8. Homework Assignments:

• Therapist guided the clients to do this exercise daily in order to

prevent sleep problems and stress.

• Clients were also encouraged to do it.

9. Application to Daily Life:

• Therapist told the clients that PMR can help us a lot in our daily
life when we come home tired after the work and if we make this
exercise our habit then this can help us relax our body.

• Therapist encouraged clients to follow this exercise to prevent

anxiety and stress.

The End…