IMPORTANT MCQ’S AND NUMERICALS FOR UNITS- 1-ATOMS AND NUCLIE

2-DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION

UNIT- NUCLIE TOPIC- Size of the Nucleus

TOPIC- Atomic Masses and Composition of Nucleus 1. Identify the expression for the nuclear radius from the
following.
1. The neutron was discovered by whom? a) R = R0 ∛A b) R = R0 √A
a) Marie Curie b) Pierre Curie c) R = R0 A3 d) R = R0 A2
c) Rutherford d) James Chadwick 2. Who measured the size of the nucleus first?
2. The magnetic moment of a revolving electron around the a) Bohr b) Einstein
nucleus varies with the principal quantum number as which of c) Rutherford d) Geiger and Marsden
the following? 3. Which of the following is a stable nucleus?
a) μ ∝ n b) μ ∝ 1/n a) The nucleus with even protons and odd electrons
c) μ ∝ n2 d) μ ∝ 1/n2 b) The nucleus with even number of protons and neutrons
c) The nucleus with even neutrons and odd protons
3. Which of the following has the highest neutron ratio? d) The nucleus with odd protons and neutrons
a) 8O16 b) 2He4 4. If the internal energy of a nucleus is high, then it is radioactive.
56
c) 26Fe d) 92U235 a) True b) False
5. A nucleus at rest splits into two nuclear parts having radii in
4. When a radioactive substance emits an α-particle, its position the ratio of 1:3. Find the ratio of their velocities.
in the periodic table is lowered by which of the following? a) 1:9 b) 3:1 c) 1:27 d) 27:1
a) One place b) Two places
c) Three places d) Four places
5. If alpha, beta, and gamma rays carry the same momentum, TOPIC- Nuclear Force
which has the longest wavelength?
a) Alpha rays b) Beta rays 1. Which of the following best define nuclear forces?
c) Gamma rays d) All have the same wavelength a) The attraction between protons and neutrons
6. β-rays emitted from radioactive material are known as b) Repulsion between protons and neutrons
electromagnetic radiation. c) The attraction between protons and electrons
a) True b) False d) The attraction between electrons and neutrons
7. If elements with principal quantum number n > 4 were not 2. Find the true statement.
allowed in nature, then what will be the number of possible a) Nuclear charge is dependent on the charge
elements? b) The nuclear force is weaker than the electromagnetic force
a) 60 b) 20 c) The nuclear force is independent of charge
c) 4 d) 64 d) The nuclear force is weaker than the gravitational force
8. For uranium nucleus how does its mass vary with volume? 3. What is the energy released in a nuclear reaction called?
a) m ∝ V b) m ∝ 1/V a) R-value b) Q value c) P-value d) Nuclear
c) m ∝ √V d) m ∝ V2 energy
9. Which of the following is a correct statement? 4. The nuclear force is short-ranged.
a) Beta rays are the same as for cathode rays a) True b) False
b) Gamma rays are high energy neutrons 5. Which of the following is the main result of nuclear fission?
c) Alpha particles are singly ionized helium atoms a) Helium b) Strontium c) Krypton d) Barium
d) Protons and neutrons have the same mass 6. Uranium 235 mass should be greater than X, then it is capable
10. Which is a non-central force? of continuous fission by itself. Identify X.
a) Electrostatic force b) Nuclear force a) Critical size b) Threshold point
c) Critical shape d) Specific size
c) Gravitational force d) Spring force 7. Which of the following forms the basis of a nuclear reactor?
a) Uncontrolled chain reaction
b) Fast nuclear reaction
c) Controlled chain reaction d) Catalyst
controlled nuclear reaction
8. Controlled chain reactions form the basis of an atomic bomb.
a) True b) False

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IMPORTANT MCQ’S AND NUMERICALS FOR UNITS- 1-ATOMS AND NUCLIE
2-DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION

9. Why is a fusion reaction difficult to perform? Thus the time measured will become uncertain if ΔE is measured
a) The nuclei are set up far from each other with high certainty.
b) The attraction between the nuclei
c) Sun’s energy is not sufficient 3. Find the true statement.
d) Repulsion between the nuclei a) An electron will not lose energy when jumping from the
10. What is the energy released in the fission of 2 kg of Uranium 1st orbit to the 3rd orbit
235? (Given: energy per fission = 200 MeV) b) An electron will not give energy when jumping from the
a) 1.64 × 1014 J b) 1.64 × 1015 J 1st orbit to the 3rd orbit
14
c) 2.64 × 10 J d) 1.64 × 1020 J c) An electron will release energy when jumping from the
1st orbit to the 3rd orbit
d) An electron will absorb energy when jumping from the
1st orbit to the 3rd orbit
CHAPTER – ATOMS 4. The size of the atom is proportional to which of the following?
a) A b) A1/3 c) A2/3 d) A-1/3
TOPIC- Alpha-Particle Scattering and Rutherford’s 5. Calculate the ratio of the kinetic energy for the n = 2 electron
Nuclear for the Li atom to that of Be+ ion?
a) 916 b) 34 c) 1 d) 12
5. According to Bohr’s principle, what is the relation between the 6. The Bohr model of atoms uses Einstein’s photoelectric
principal quantum number and the radius of the orbit? equation.
a) r proportional to 1/n b) r proportional to 1/n2 c) r a) True b) False
proportional to n d) r proportional to n2 7. What is the ratio of minimum to maximum wavelength in the
6. The kinetic energy of the α-particle incident on the gold foil is Balmer series?
doubled. The distance of closest approach will also be doubled. a) 5:9 b) 5:36 c) 1:4 d) 3:4
a) True b) False 8. The energy of characteristic X-ray is a consequence of which of
7. Based on the Bohr model, what is the minimum energy the following?
required to remove an electron from the ground state of Be a) The energy of the projectile electron
atom? (Given: Z = 4) b) The thermal energy of the target
a) 1.63 eV b) 15.87 eV c) 30.9 eV d) 217.6 eV c) Transition in target atoms
8. If an α-particle collides head-on with a nucleus, what is its d) Temperature
impact parameter? 9. Find out the minimum energy required to take out the only
a) Zero b) Infinite c) 10-10 m d) 1010 m one electron from the ground state of Li+?
9. In which of the following system, will the radius of the first a) 13.6 eV b) 122.4 eV c) 25.3 eV d) 67.9 eV
orbit (n=1) be minimum? 10. What is the energy required to ionize an H-atom from the
a) Doubly ionized lithium b)Singly ionized helium c) third excited state, if ground state ionization energy of H-atom is
Deuterium atom d) Hydrogen atom 13.6 eV?
10.An α-particle of energy 10 MeV is scattered through 180o by a a) 1.5 eV b) 3.4 eV c) 13.6 eV d) 12.1 eV
fixed uranium nucleus. Calculate the order of distance of the
closest approach?
a) 10-20cm b) 10-12cm c) 10-11cm d) 1012cm
TOPIC- Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom
TOPIC- Atomic Spectra 1. The radius of the Bohr orbit depends on which of the
following?
1. Which source is associated with a line emission spectrum? a) 1/n b) n c) 1/n2 d) n2
a) Electric fire b) Neon street sign c) Red traffic light d) Sun 2. What is the order of the radius of an electron orbit in a
2. According to the uncertainty principle for an electron, time hydrogen atom?
measurement will become uncertain if which of the following is a) 10-8 m b) 10-9 m c) 10-11 m d) 10-13 m
measured with high certainty? 3. What will be the longest wavelength in the Balmer series of
a) Energy b) Momentum c) Location d) Velocity hydrogen spectrum?
Answer: a a) 6557 × 10-10 b) 5557 × 10-10 m
Explanation: According to the uncertainty principle, -10
c) 9557 × 10 m d) 1557 × 10-10 m
ΔE.Δt >= h2π.

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IMPORTANT MCQ’S AND NUMERICALS FOR UNITS- 1-ATOMS AND NUCLIE
2-DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION

4. A hydrogen atom in its ground state absorbs 10.2 eV of TOPIC- DE Broglie’s Explanation of Bohr’s Second
energy. What is the orbital angular momentum is increased by? Postulate of Quantisation
a) 4.22 × 10-3 Js b) 2.11 × 10-34 Js
-34
c) 3.16 × 10 Js d) 1.05 × 10-34 Js 1. Identify the expression for Bohr’s second postulate.
5. Which of the following is true regarding the Bohr model of a) L = nh/2pie b) L = 2pie/nh
atoms? c) L = nh*2pie d) L = n/2pie
a) Assumes that the angular momentum of electrons is 2. How did de – Broglie modify Bohr’s postulate?
quantized b) Uses Faraday’s laws a) de – Broglie suggested to not take angular momentum into
c) Predicts continuous emission spectra for atoms d) Predicts consideration
the same emission spectra for all types of atoms b) de – Broglie suggested introducing an electric field near the
6. In terms of Bohr radius a0, the radius of the second Bohr orbit atom
of a hydrogen atom is given by √2 a0. c) de – Broglie suggested that electrons behaved like a wave
a) True b) False d) de – Broglie did not modify Bohr’s second postulate
7. Hydrogen atoms are excited from ground state to the state of 3. Which of the following can be chosen to analogously
principal quantum number 4. Then, what will be the number of represent the behavior of a particle?
spectral lines observed? a) Metal rod b) String
a) 3 b) 6 c) 5 d) 2 c) Elastic rubber d) Glass rod
8. When a hydrogen atom is in its first excited level, what is the 4. Distance and wavelengths are proportional in a string when
relation of radius and Bohr radius? referring to the behavior of a particle.
a) Twice b) 4 times c) Same d) Half a) True b) False
5. How did de – Broglie conclude the modification of Bohr’s II
postulate?
a) de – Broglie concluded that electrons cannot be quantized
TOPIC- The Line Spectra of the Hydrogen Atom b) de – Broglie concluded that the wavelength of electrons
should be reduced
1. What causes spectral lines? c) de – Broglie concluded that angular momentum cannot be
a) The transition of electrons between two energy levels quantized
b) The transition of electrons between two wavelength ranges d) de – Broglie concluded that wavelengths of matter waves can
c) Magnetic and electric field exiting in an atom be quantized
d) The transition of electrons from electric to magnetic field
2. How many spectral lines are there in the hydrogen spectrum?
a) Infinity b) Zero c) Multiple d) One UNIT- DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND
3. Which theory explained that electrons revolved in circular RADIATION
orbits?
a) Einstein theory b) Bohr theory
c) Rydberg theory d) de – Broglie theory TOPIC- Electron Emission
4. Bohr’s model only works for hydrogen or helium.
a) True b) False 1. Identify the process in which an electron escapes from the
5. When is hydrogen stable? metal surface.
a) When the electron jumps to higher energy levels b) a) Electron emission b) Electron displacement
When an electric field is introduced c) Electron transgression d) Electron movement
c) When a magnetic field is introduced d) 2. How many types of electron emissions exist?
When the electron is at its ground state a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 1
6. Which of the following is found in the UV region of the 3. Which of the following are quick electron emissions?
spectrum? a) Photoelectric emission b) Field emission
a) Pfund series b) Brackett series c) Secondary emission d) Thermionic emission
c) Lyman series d) Paschen series 4. Thermionic emission is dependent on temperature.
7. How many spectral lines does hydrogen have? a) True b) False
a) Four b) Three c) Two d) One 5. Find the wrong statement.
a) An electron gun is to create electrons and then accelerate
them to a very high speed
b) Thermionic emissions and photoelectric emissions are the
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IMPORTANT MCQ’S AND NUMERICALS FOR UNITS- 1-ATOMS AND NUCLIE
2-DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION

same 2. Who is responsible for the photoelectric effect experiment?

c) The kinetic energy of photoelectrons vary a) Albert Einstein b) Max Planck
d) Vacuum tubes are thermionic devices c) Heinrich Hertz d) de – Broglie
3. Identify the conclusion of the photoelectric experiment from
the following.
a) Photons are smaller than the electrons
b) The energy in light comes as small packets
c) The energy in light comes as huge packets of energy
d) The energy released by the photoelectric effect is very less
TOPIC- Photoelectric Effect 4. The photoelectric effect is commonly found in solar panels.
a) True b) False
1. Which photon is more energetic: A red one or a violet one? 5. Find the odd one out.
a) Both b) Red c) Violet d) Neither a) Chlorine b) Sodium c) Oxygen d) Helium
View Answer 6. Pick out the apparatus used in the experiment of the
2. If the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is doubled, photoelectric effect from the following.
what will happen to the energy of photons? a) Electron gun b) Vacuum tubes
a) Remains the same b) Doubled c) Metal tubes d) Glass tubes
c) Halved d) Infinite
3. What happens to the wavelength of a photon after it collides TOPIC- Photoelectric Theory and Wave Theory of Light
with an electron?
a) Increases b) Decreases 1. Which theory of light explains the photoelectric effect?
c) Remains the same d) Infinite a) Electromagnetic theory b) Magnetic theory
4. Why are alkali metals most suited as photo-sensitive metals? c) Electric theory d) Wave theory
a) High frequency b) Zero rest mass View Answer
c) High work function d) Low work function 2. Which theory of light is wave theory or particle theory?
5. Which radiations will be most effective for the emission of a) Dynamic physics b) Static physics
electrons from a metallic surface? c) Quantum mechanics d) de – Broglie hypothesis
a) Microwaves b) X rays c) Ultraviolet d) Infrared 3. Which principle suggests that the intensity of light determines
6. Photoelectric emission is possible at all frequencies. its amplitude?
a) True b) False a) Huygens principle b) Classic wave theory
7. Two metals A and B have work functions 4 eV and 10 eV c) de – Broglie hypothesis d) Einstein’s particle theory
respectively. Which metal has a higher threshold wavelength? 4. Wave theory explains the photoelectric effect.
a) Metal A b) Metal B c) Both d) Neither a) True b) False
8. Give the unit of work function. 5. Why does light travel as a wave?
a) Electron volt b) Joule a) Due to the small packets called photons
c) Hertz d) Watt b) Due to an electric field
9. What is the frequency of a photon whose energy is 66.3 eV? c) Light does not travel as a wave
a) 196 × 1016 Hz b) 1336 × 1016 Hz c) 1.6 × d) Due to its electromagnetic nature
16
10 Hz d) 16 × 1016 Hz
10. Calculate the energy of a photon of wavelength 6600 TOPIC- Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation : Energy
angstroms.
a) 30 × 10-19 J b) 3 × 10-19 J
Quantum of Radiation
-19
c) 300 × 10 J d) 3000 × 10-19 J 1. Two beams, one of red light and the other of blue light, of the
same intensity are incident on a metallic surface to emit
TOPIC- Experimental Study of Photoelectric Effect photoelectrons. Which emits electrons of greater frequency?
a) Both b) Red light c) Blue light d) Neither
1. Which of the following increases the maximum kinetic energy 2. If the intensity of incident radiation in a photo-cell is
of the photoelectrons emitted? increased, how does the stopping potential vary?
a) Increasing the frequency of the incident beam b) a) Increases b) Remains the same
Increasing the velocity of the electrons c) Decreases d) Infinite
c) Decreasing the frequency of the incident beam d) 3. If the frequency of the incident radiation is equal to the
Increasing the mass of the photoelectrons threshold frequency, what will be the value of the stopping

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IMPORTANT MCQ’S AND NUMERICALS FOR UNITS- 1-ATOMS AND NUCLIE
2-DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION

potential? What is the stopping voltage required for these electrons?

a) 0 b) Infinite c) 180 V d) 1220 V a) 10 V b) 4 V c) 8 V d) 5 V
4. How does retarding potential vary with the frequency of light 6. When a proton is accelerated through 1 V, then its kinetic
causing photoelectric effect? energy will be 1 V.
a) Infinite b) Zero a) True b) False
c) Decreases d) Increases 7. What is the energy of a photon of wavelength λ?
5. If the intensity of the radiation incident on a photo-sensitive a) hc/λ b) h/cλ
plate is doubled, how does the stopping potential change? c) λ/hc d) λh/c
a) Increases b) Decreases 8. What is the momentum of a photon of wavelength λ?
c) No effect d) Infinite a) hv/c b) Zero
6. The stopping potential in photoelectric emission does not c) hλ/c2 d) h/λc
depend upon the frequency of the incident radiation. 9. Which among the following shows the particle nature of light?
a) True b) False a) Photoelectric effect b) Interference
7. The maximum kinetic energy of a photoelectron is 3 eV. What c) Refraction d) Polarization
is the stopping potential? 10. What will be the number of photons emitted per second, if
a) 0 V b) 3 V c) 9 V d) 12 V the power of the radio transmitter is 15 kW and it operates at a
8. The stopping potential in an experiment on the photoelectric frequency of 700 kHz?
effect is 1.5 V. What is the maximum kinetic energy of the a) 3.24 × 1031 b) 3.87 × 1025
37
photoelectrons emitted? c) 2.77 × 10 d) 3.24 × 1045
a) 1.5 Ev b) 3 eV c) 4.5 eV d) 6 eV
9. For a photosensitive surface, the work function is 3.3 × 10-19 J.
Calculate the threshold frequency. TOPIC- Wave Nature of Matter
a) 15 × 1014 Hz b) 25 × 1014 Hz
14
c) 5 × 10 Hz d) 55 × 1014 Hz 1. What type of nature do electromagnetic waves have?
10. Calculate the kinetic energy of a photoelectron (in eV) a) Dual nature b) Wave nature
emitted on shining light of wavelength 6.2 × 10-6 m on a metal c) Particle nature d) Photon nature
surface. The work function of the metal is 0.1 eV. 2. The magnitude of which of the following is proportional to the
a) 10 eV b) 0.1 eV frequency of the wave?
c) 0.01 eV d) 1000 eV a) Electrons b) Neutrons
c) Photons d) Protons
3. Identify the de – Broglie expression from the following.
TOPIC- Particle Nature of Light : The Photon a) λ=h×p b) λ=hp c) λ=h+p d) λ=h-p
4. When the wavelength of an electron increases, the velocity of
1. What is the frequency of a photon whose energy is 66.3 eV? the electron will also increase.
a) 12.6 × 1016 Hz b) 91.6 × 1016 Hz a) True b) False
16
c) 1.6 × 10 Hz d) 81.6 × 1016 Hz 5. The sun gives light at the rate of 1500 W/m2 of area
2. Calculate the energy of a photon of wavelength 6600 perpendicular to the direction of light. Assume the wavelength
angstroms. of light as 5000Å. Calculate the number of photons/s arriving at 1
a) 0.3 × 10-19 J b) 3 × 10-19 J m2 area at that part of the earth.
-19
c) 30 × 10 J d) 300 × 10-19 J a) 4.770 × 1021 b) 3.770 × 1011
21
3. Among the following four spectral regions, in which of them, c) 3.770 × 10 d) 3.770 × 1020
the photon has the highest energy in? 6. What is the de – Broglie wavelength associated with an
a) Infrared b) Violet electron, accelerated through a potential difference of 200 volts?
c) Red d) Blue a) 1 nm b) 0.5 nm
4. What will be the photon energy for a wavelength of 5000 c) 0.0056 nm d) 0.086 nm
angstroms, if the energy of a photon corresponding to a 7. What is the de – Broglie wavelength of a proton accelerated
wavelength of 7000 angstroms is 4.23 × 10-19 J? through a potential difference of 2 kV?
a) 0.456 eV b) 5.879 eV a) 0.65 × 10-13 m b) 0.65 × 10-10 m
c) 3.701 eV d) 1.6 × 10-19 eV -11
c) 0.65 × 10 m d) 0.65 × 10-20 m
5. Photons of energy 10.25 eV fall on the surface of the metal 8. While comparing the alpha particle, neutron, and beta
emitting photoelectrons of maximum kinetic energy 5.0 eV. particle, the alpha particle has the lowest de – Broglie
wavelength.

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IMPORTANT MCQ’S AND NUMERICALS FOR UNITS- 1-ATOMS AND NUCLIE
2-DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION

a) True b) False (b) Show that the total number of lines in emission
9. What is the de – Broglie wavelength of a ball of mass 150 g spectrum is n(n-1) / 2 and compute the total number of
moving at a speed of 50 m/s? possible lines in emission spectrum.
a) 8.8 × 10-34 m b) 8.8 × 10-30 m [Ans: (a) n = 4 (b) 6 possible transitions]
-25
c) 8.8 × 10 m d) 8.8 × 10-35 m Hint-
10. What will be the de – Broglie wavelength when the kinetic 7. Calculate the mass defect and the binding energy per
energy of the electron increases by 5 times?
nucleon of the 10847Ag nucleus. [atomic mass of Ag =
a) √5 b) 5 c) 1/√5 d) 1/5
107.905949]

Numericals DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION

1. A radiation of wavelength 300 nm is incident on a silver

ATOMS AND NUCLIE
surface. Will photoelectrons be observed? (work
1. The radius of the 5th orbit of hydrogen atom is 13.25 Å. function of silver- 4.7 eV)
Calculate the wavelength of the electron in the 5th 2. When light of wavelength 2200Å falls on Cu, photo
orbit. electrons are emitted from it. Find (i) the threshold
2. Find the (i) angular momentum (ii) velocity of the wavelength and (ii) the stopping potential. Given: the
electron in the 5th orbit of hydrogen atom. (h = 6.6 × work function for Cu is ϕ0 = 4.65 eV.
10–34 Js, m = 9.1 × 10–31 kg) 3. Light of wavelength 390 nm is directed at a metal
3. (a) Show that the ratio of velocity of an electron in the electrode. To find the energy of electrons ejected, an
first Bohr orbit to the speed of light c is a dimensionless opposing potential difference is established between it
number. and another electrode. The current of photoelectrons
(b) Compute the velocity of electrons in ground state, from one to the other is stopped completely when the
first excited state and second excited state in Bohr atom potential difference is 1.10 V. Determine i) the work
model. function of the metal and ii) the maximum wavelength
4. Suppose the energy of a hydrogen–like atom is given of light that can eject electrons from this metal.
as En = − 54.4/n2 eV where n∈N . Calculate the
following:
(a) Sketch the energy levels for this atom and compute
its atomic number.
(b) If the atom is in ground state, compute its first
excitation potential and also its ionization potential.
(c) When a photon with energy 42 eV and another
photon with energy 56 eV are made to collide with this
atom, does this atom absorb these photons?
(d) Determine the radius of its first Bohr orbit.
(e) Calculate the kinetic and potential energies in the
ground state.
5. Compute the binding energy of 42He nucleus using the
following data: Atomic mass of Helium atom, MA (He) =
4.00260 u and that of hydrogen atom, mH = 1.00785u.
6. (a) A hydrogen atom is excited by radiation of
wavelength 97.5 nm. Find the principal quantum
number of the excited state.

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