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PHYSICS
DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION
AND MATTER
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1.Energy conversion in a photoelectric cell takes 6.An electron of 𝐾𝛼 spectral line of an atom is
place form 59 𝑘𝑒𝑉, then the wavelength of 𝐾𝛼 line will be
a)Chemical to electrical a)0.20 Å
b)Magnetic to electrical b)0.42 Å
c)Optical to electrical c)0.31 Å
d)Mechanical to electrical d)0.62 Å

2.A uniform electric field and a uniform magnetic 7.The de-Broglie wavelength 𝜆 associated with an
field are acting along the same direction in a certain electron having kinetic energy 𝐸 is given by the
region. If an electron is projected along the expression
direction of the fields with a certain velocity, then ℎ
a)
a)Its velocity will decrease √2𝑚𝐸
2ℎ
b)Its velocity will increase b)𝑚𝐸
c)It will turn towards right of direction of motion c)2𝑚ℎ𝐸
d)It will turns towards left of direction of motion 2√2𝑚𝐸
d) ℎ

3.Which phenomenon best supports the theory that

matter has a wave nature 8.Electric field and magnetic field in Thomson mass
a)Electron momentum spectrograph are applied
b)Electron diffraction a)Simultaneously, perpendicular
c)Photon momentum b)Perpendicular but not simultaneously
d)Photon diffraction c)Parallel but not simultaneously
d)Parallel simultaneously
4.Consider the following statements concerning
electrons : 9.If the wavelength of light is 4000 Å, then the
I. Electrons are universal constituents of mater. number of waves in 1 𝑚𝑚 length will be
II. J J Thomson received the very first Nobel prize in a)25
Physics for discovering the electron. b)0.25
III. The mass of the electron is about 1/2000 of a c)0.25 × 104
neutron. d)25 × 104
IV. According to Bohr the linear momentum of the
electron is quantised in the hydrogen atom. Which 10.Two identical metal plates shown photoelectric
of the above statements are not correct? effect by a light of wavelength 𝜆Å falls on plate A
a)I and 𝜆𝐵 on plate 𝐵(𝜆𝐴 = 2𝜆𝐵 ). The maximum kinetic
b)II energy is
c)III a)2 𝐾𝐴 = 𝐾𝐵
d)IV b)𝐾𝐴 < 𝐾𝐵 /2
c)𝐾𝐴 = 2𝐾𝐵
5.The working principle of the mass spectrograph is d)𝐾𝐴 = 𝐾𝐵 /2
that for a given combination of accelerating
potential and magnetic field, the ion beam (with 11.The linear momentum of photon is p. The
charge 𝑞 and mass 𝑀) to be collected at different wavelength of photon is 𝜆 , then (h is Planck
positions of ion collectors will depend upon the constant)
value of a)𝜆 = ℎ𝑝
ℎ
a)√𝑞/𝑀 b)𝜆 = 𝑝
b)(𝑞/𝑀)2 c)𝜆 = ℎ
𝑝

c)𝑞/𝑀 𝑝2
d)𝑞𝑀 d)𝜆 = ℎ
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12.A 100 W light bulb is placed at the centre of a 17.Penetrating power of X-rays depends on
spherical chamber of radius 0.10m. Assume that a)Current flowing in the filament
66% of the energy supplied to the bulb is converted b)Applied potential difference
into light and that the surface of chamber is c)Nature of the target
perfectly absorbing. The pressure exerted by the d)All the above
light on the surface of the chamber is
a)0.87 × 10−6 Pa 18.If 𝑉 be the accelerating voltage, then the
b)1.77 × 10−6 Pa maximum frequency of continuous 𝑋-rays is given
c)3.50 × 10−6 Pa by
𝑒ℎ
d)None of these a) 𝑉
ℎ𝑉
b) 𝑒
13.The speed of an electron having a wavelength of
𝑒𝑉
10−10 𝑚 is c) ℎ
a)7.25 × 106 𝑚/𝑠 d)𝑒𝑉
ℎ

b)6.26 × 106 𝑚/𝑠

c)5.25 × 106 𝑚/𝑠
19.Solid targets of different elements are
d)4.24 × 106 𝑚/𝑠
bombarded by highly energetic electron beams. The
frequency (𝑓) of the characteristic X-rays emitted
14.A proton, a deuteron and an 𝛼-particle having
from different targets varies with atomic number 𝑍
the same momentum, enters a region of uniform
as
electric field between the parallel plates of a
a)𝑓 ∝ √𝑍
capacitor. The electric field is perpendicular to the
b)𝑓 ∝ 𝑍 2
initial path of the particles. Then the ratio of
c)𝑓 ∝ 𝑍
deflections suffered by them is
d)𝑓 ∝ 𝑍 3/2

20.If the momentum of an electron is changed by

∆𝑝, then the de-Broglie wavelength associated with
it changes by 0.50%. The initial momentum of the
electron will be
a)1 :2 :8 ∆𝑝
a)200
b)1 :2 :4
∆𝑝
c)1 :1 :2 b)
199
d)None of these c)199 ∆𝑝
d)400 ∆𝑝
15.For harder 𝑋-rays
a)The wavelength is higher 21.If the potential difference between the anode
b)The intensity is higher and cathode of the 𝑋-ray tube is increase
c)The frequency is higher
I S
d)The frequency is higher R
Q
16.Momentum of a photon is 𝑝. The corresponding
wavelength is
P 
a)ℎ/√𝑝
a)The peaks at 𝑅 and 𝑆 would move to shorter
b)𝑝/ℎ wavelength
c)𝑝ℎ b)The peaks at 𝑅 and 𝑆 would remain at the same
d)ℎ/𝑝 wavelength
c)The cut off wavelength at 𝑃 would increase
d)(b) and (c) both are correct
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22.If the wavelength of incident light changes from

400 nm to 300 nm, the stopping potential for 27.Planck’s constant has the dimensions of
photoelectrons emitted from a surface becomes a)Energy
approximately b)Mass
a)1.0 V greater c)Frequency
b)1.0 V smaller d)Angular momentum
c)0.5 V greater
d)0.5 V smaller 28.The work function of a metal is
a)The energy for the electron to enter into the
23.In a photoelectric experiment for 4000 Å metal
incident radiation, the potential difference to stop b)The energy for producing X-ray
the ejection is 2𝑉.If the incident light is changed to c)The energy is required for an electron to come
3000 Å, then the potential required to stop the out from metal surface
ejection of electrons will be d)None of these
a)2 𝑉
b)Less than 2𝑉 29.An oxide coated filament is useful in vacuum
c)Zero tubes because essentially
d)Greater than 2 𝑉 a)It has high melting point
b)It can withstand high temperatures
24.If a photon has velocity 𝑐 and frequency 𝑣, then c)It has good mechanical strength
which of following represents its wavelength d)It can emit electrons at relatively lower
ℎ𝑐
a) 𝐸 temperatures
ℎ𝑣
b) 𝑐
ℎ𝑣
30.The photoelectric effect can be understood on
c) 𝑐 2 the basis of
d)ℎ𝑣 a)The principle of superposition
b)The electromagnetic theory of light
25.What is de-Broglie wavelength of electron c)The special theory of relativity
having energy 10 ke V? d)Line spectrum of the atom
a)0.12Å
b)1.2Å 31.In a photocell bichromatic light of wavelength
c)12.2Å 2475 Å and 6000 Å are incident on cathode whose
d)None of these work function is 4.8 𝑒𝑉.If a uniform magnetic field
of 3 × 10−5 𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑙𝑎 exists parallel to the plate, the
26.An oil drop with charge 𝑞 is held stationary radius of the path described by the photoelectron
between two plates with an external potential will be (mass of electron = 9 × 10−31 𝑘𝑔)
difference of 400 V. If the size of the drop is doubled a)1 𝑐𝑚
without any change of charge, the potential b)5 𝑐𝑚
difference required to keep the drop stationary will c)10 𝑐𝑚
be d)25 𝑐𝑚
a)400 V
b)1600 V 32.The de-Broglie wavelength is proportional to
1
c)3200 V a)𝜆 ∝ 𝑣
d)4000 V 1
b)𝜆 ∝ 𝑚
1
c)𝜆 ∝ 𝑝
d)𝜆 ∝ 𝑝
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d)2.5 × (5000)2 𝑒𝑉
33.Intensity of 𝑋-rays depends upon the number of 39.An electron is accelerated through a potential
a)Electrons difference of 𝑉 volt. The speed of electrons will be
b)Protons 𝑒𝑉
a)√ 𝑚
c)Neutrons
d)Positrons 2𝑒𝑉
b)√ 𝑚

34.If the mass of neutral = 1.7 × 10−27 kg, then the 𝑒𝑉

c)√2𝑚
de-Broglie wavelength of neutral of energy 3eV is
(ℎ = 6.6 × 10−34 J − s) d)√2𝑒𝑉
𝑚

a)1.6 × 10−16 m
b)1.6 × 10−11 m
c)1.4 × 10−10 m 40.An electric field of intensity 6 × 104 Vm−1 is
d)1.4 × 10−11 m applied perpendicular to the direction of motion of
the electron. A magnetic field of induction 8 ×
35.The work functions of metals 𝐴 and 𝐵are in the 10−2 Wm−2 is applied perpendicular to both the
ratio 1:2. If light of frequencies 𝑓 and 2𝑓 are electric field and direction of motion of the electron.
incident on the surfaces of 𝐴andB respectively, the What is the velocity of the electron if it passes
ratio of the maximum kinetic energies of undeflected?
photoelectrons emitted is (𝑓 is greater than a)7.5 × 105 ms−1
threshold frequency of 𝐴, 2𝑓 is greater than b)7.5 × 10−5 ms−1
threshold of 𝐵) c)48 × 10−2 ms−1
a)1 :1 d)It is never possible
b)1 :2
c)1 :3 41.The figure shows variation of photocurrent with
d)1 :4 anode potential for a photo-sensitive surface for
three different radiations. Let 𝐼𝑎 , 𝐼𝑏 and 𝐼𝑐 be the
36.The minimumwavelength of 𝑋-rays produced in intensities and 𝑣𝑎 , 𝑣𝑏 and 𝑣𝑐 be the frequencies for
a coolidge tube operated at potential difference of the curves 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 respectively. Then
40 𝑘𝑉 is
a)0.31 Å
b)3.1 Å
c)31 Å
d)311 Å

37.If threshold wavelength for a certain metal is

a)𝑣𝑎 = 𝑣𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑𝐼𝑎 ≠ 𝐼𝑏
2000Å, then the work function of metal is
b)𝑣𝑎 = 𝑣𝑐 and 𝐼𝑎 = 𝐼𝑐
a)6.2 MeV
c)𝑣𝑎 = 𝑣𝑏 and 𝐼𝑎 = 𝐼𝑏
b)6.2 keV
d)𝑣𝑏 = 𝑣𝑐 and 𝐼𝑏 = 𝐼𝑐
c)6.2 J
d)6.2 eV
42.The frequency of the incident light falling on a
photosensitive metal plate is doubled, the kinetic
38.The energy of a photon of light with wavelength
energy of the emitted photoelectron is
5000 Å is approximately 2.5 𝑒𝑉. This way the a)Double the earlier value
energy of an 𝑋-ray photon with wavelength 1Å b)Unchanged
would be c)More than doubled
a)2.5/5000 𝑒𝑉 d)Less than doubled
b)2.5/(5000)2 𝑒𝑉
c)2.5 × 5000 𝑒𝑉
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43.For an electron in the second orbit of Bohr’s

hydrogen atom, the moment of linear momentum is
a)𝜋ℎ
b)2𝜋ℎ
ℎ
c)𝜋
2ℎ
d) 𝜋

44.The wavelength of a 1 keV photon is 1.24 ×

10−9 m. What is the frequency of 1 MeV photon?
a)2.4 × 1015 Hz
b)2.4 × 1020 Hz
c)1.24 × 1015 Hz
d) 1.24 × 1020 Hz

45.The ratio transmitter operates on a wavelength

of 1500 m at a power of 400 kW. The energy of
radio photon (in joule) is
a)1.32 × 10−24 J
b)1.32 × 10−28 J
c)1.32 × 10−26 J
d)1.32 × 10−32 J
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Answers key
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
c a b d c a a d c b
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
b b a a c d b c b c
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
d a d a a c d c d d
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
b c a b b a d c b a
41 42 43 44 45
a c c b b
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Momentum of the reflected light = 0; as the light is

HINT AND SOLUTIONS completely absorbed.
2.(a) 𝐸 𝐸
Force exerted by light, 𝐹 = −0 = 𝑐
When E, v and B are all along same direction, then 𝑐
𝐹 𝐸/𝑐
magnetic force experienced by electron is zero Pressure on surface, 𝑃 = = 4𝜋𝑟2
4𝜋𝑟 2
while electric force is acting opposite to velocity of 66/(3 × 108 )
= = 1.75 × 10−6 Pa
electron, so velocity of electron will decrease. 4 × (22/7) × (0.10)2
3.(b) 13.(a)
Wave nature of matter of de Broglie was proved By using 𝜆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛 = 𝑚
ℎ
⇒𝑣=𝑚
ℎ
𝑒𝑣 𝑒 𝜆𝑒
when accelerated electrons showed diffraction by
metal foil in the same manner as X-ray diffraction 6.6 × 10−34
= = 7.25 × 106 𝑚/𝑠
4.(d) 9.1 × 10−31 × 10−10
1 14.(a)
The mass of electron is about times that of a The deflection suffered by charged particle in an
1836
neutron and angular momentum of electron is electric field is
quantised in the hydrogen atoms but not the linear 𝑞𝐸𝐿𝐷 𝑞𝐸𝐿𝐷
𝑦= = 2 [𝑝 = 𝑚𝑢]
momentum of electron 𝑚𝑢2 𝑝 /𝑚
5.(c) 𝑞𝑚 𝑞𝑝 𝑚𝑝 𝑞𝑑 𝑚𝑑 𝑞𝛼 𝑚𝛼
⇒ 𝑦 ∝ 2 ⇒ 𝑦𝑝 : 𝑦𝑑 : 𝑦𝛼 = : 2 : 2
In mass spectrograph,
𝑀𝑣 2
= 𝑞𝑣𝐵′ 𝑝 𝑝𝑝2 𝑝𝑑 𝑝𝛼
𝑟
𝐸 Since 𝑝𝛼 = 𝑝𝑑 = 𝑝𝑝 [Given]
and 𝑞𝐸 = 𝐵𝑞𝑣 or 𝑣 = 𝐵 𝑚𝑝 : 𝑚𝑑 : 𝑚𝛼 = 1 ∶ 2 ∶ 4 and𝑞𝑝 : 𝑞𝑑 : 𝑞𝛼 = 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 2
𝑀𝑣 𝑀 𝐸 𝑀𝐸
or 𝑟 = 𝐵′𝑞 = 𝐵′𝑞 (𝐵) = 𝑞𝐵𝐵′ ⇒ 𝑦𝑝 : 𝑦𝑑 : 𝑦𝛼 = 1 × 1: 1 × 2 ∶ 2 × 4 = 1 ∶ 2 ∶ 8
so 𝑟 is related with (𝑞/𝑀) 16.(d)
6.(a) 𝐸 = ℎ𝑣 = ℎ𝑐/𝜆 = 𝑚𝑐 2 , hence 𝜆 = ℎ/𝑚𝑐 = ℎ/𝑝
ℎ𝑐 12375 ℎ𝑐 17.(b)
𝜆= = = 0.20Å [∵ = 12375]
𝑒𝑉 59000 𝑒 The potential difference across the filament and
7.(a) target determines the energy and hence the
1 ℎ ℎ penetrating power of 𝑋-rays
𝑚𝑣 2 = 𝐸 ⇒ 𝑚𝑣 = √2𝑚𝐸 ∴ 𝜆 = =
2 𝑚𝑣 √2𝑚𝐸 18.(c)
8.(d) 𝑒𝑉
𝐸 = 𝑒𝑉 = ℎ𝑣max ⇒ 𝑣max =
In Thomson’s mass spectrograph 𝐸⃗ ||𝐵
⃗ ℎ
9.(c) 19.(b)
10−3 1 𝑐 1
Number of waves = 4000×10−10 = 0.25 × 104 𝜆 ∝ 2 ⇒ ∝ 2 ⇒ 𝑣 ∝ 𝑍2
𝑍 𝑣 𝑍
10.(b) 20.(c)
ℎ𝑐 ℎ𝑐 ℎ 0.5 ℎ 199𝜆 ℎ
𝐾𝐴 = 𝜆 − ϕ0 and 𝐾𝐵 = 𝜆 − ϕ0 𝜆= ⇒𝜆− 𝜆= ⇒ =
𝐴 𝐵
𝑝 100 𝑝 + Δ𝑝 200 𝑝 + Δ𝑝
ℎ𝑐
𝐾𝐴 2𝜆𝐵 1 199 ℎ
= < or𝐾𝐴 < 𝐾𝐵 /2 =
𝐾𝐵 ℎ𝑐 2 200 𝑝
𝜆𝐵 200
⇒ 𝑝 + Δ𝑝 = 𝑝 ⇒ 𝑝 = 199 Δ𝑝
11.(b) 199
ℎ 21.(d)
Momentum of photon, 𝑝 = 𝜆
Peaks on the graph represent characteristic 𝑋-ray
ℎ
Therefore, wavelength of photon, 𝜆 = 𝑝 spectrum. Every peak has a certain wavelength,
12.(b) which depends upon the transition of electron
Light falling per second on the surface of sphere inside the atom of the targe. While 𝜆min depends
66
𝐸 = 100 × 100 = 66 W upon the accelerating voltage [As 𝜆min ∝ 1/𝑉]

Momentum of the light falling per second on the

𝐸
surface of sphere = 𝑐
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and that corresponding to 𝜆2 = 6000 Å is

22.(a) 12375
𝐸2 = = 2.06 𝑒𝑉
ℎ𝑐 1 6000
𝐸= ⇒𝐸∝
𝜆 𝜆 As 𝐸2 < 𝑊0 and 𝐸1 > 𝑊0 . Photoelectric emission is
𝐸 ′ 400 possible with 𝜆1 only. Maximum kinetic energy of
⇒ = = 1.33
𝐸 300 emitted photoelectrons 𝐾 = 𝐸 − 𝑊0 = 5 − 4.8 =
But 𝐸 = 𝑒𝑉𝑠 , 𝑉𝑠 being stopping potential. Thus, 0.2 𝑒𝑉.
stopping potential for photoelectrons from a Photo electrons experience magnetic force and
surface becomes approximately 1.0 V greater. move along a circular path of radius
23.(d)
√2𝑚𝑘 √2 × 9 × 10−31 × 0.2 × 1.6 × 10−19
According to Einstein’s photoelectric equation 𝑟= =
𝑄𝐵 1.6 × 10−19 × 3 × 10−5
ℎ𝑐 1 1
𝐸 = 𝑊0 + 𝐾max ⇒ 𝑉0 = [ − ] = 0.05𝑚 = 5 𝑐𝑚
𝑒 𝜆 𝜆0
32.(c)
Hence if 𝜆 decreases 𝑉0 increases ℎ 1
24.(a) 𝜆= ⇒𝜆∝
𝑝 𝑝
ℎ𝑐 ℎ𝑐
𝐸= ⇒𝜆= 33.(a)
𝜆 𝐸
Intensity of 𝑋-rays depends upon the number of
25.(a)
electron striking the target
De-Broglie wavelength of a particle is given by
ℎ 34.(b)
𝜆 = 𝑚𝑣...(i) 𝐸 = 3eV = 3 × 1.6 × 10−19 J
Where h is Planck’s constant. ℎ
𝜆=
If kinetic energy of particle of mass m is 𝑣, then √2𝑚𝐸
1 6.6 × 10−34
𝐾 = 𝑚𝑣 2 =
2
√2 × 1.7 × 10−27 × 3 × 1.6 × 10−19
2𝐾
⇒ 𝑣 = √ 𝑚 …(ii) = 1.65 × 10−11 m
35.(b)
Combining Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
ℎ ℎ 𝐸 = 𝑊0 + 𝐾max
𝜆= = …(iii) ⇒ ℎ𝑓 = 𝑊𝐴 + 𝐾𝐴 …(i)
2𝐾 √2𝑚𝐾
𝑚√ 𝑚
𝑊 1
and2ℎ𝑓 = 𝑊𝐵 + 𝐾𝐵 = 2𝑊𝐴 + 𝐾𝐵 [∵ 𝑊𝐴 = 2]…(ii)
Given 𝑚 = 9.1 × 10−31 kg 𝐵

𝐾 = 10keV = 10 × 103 × 1.6 × 10−19 J Dividing equation (i) by (ii)

ℎ = 6.6 × 10−34 J-s 1 𝑊𝐴 + 𝐾𝐴 𝐾𝐴 1
= ⇒ =
Substituting the above values in Eq. (iii), we get 2 2𝑊𝐴 + 𝐾𝐵 𝐾𝐵 2
6.6 × 10−34 36.(a)
𝜆= 12375
√2 × 9.1 × 10−31 × 10 × 103 × 1.6 × 10−19 𝜆min = = 0.309 Å ≈ 0.31 Å
= 1.22 × 10−11 ≈ 40 × 103
38.(c)
0.12Å
1 2.5 1
26.(c) 𝐸∝ ⇒ ′ = ⇒ 𝐸 ′ = (2.5) × 5000 𝑒𝑉
4 𝑞𝑉
𝜆 𝐸 5000
𝑚g = 𝑞𝐸 or 3 𝜋𝑟 3 ρg = or 𝑉 ∝ 𝑟 3 39.(b)
𝑑
𝑟2 3 2 3 If 𝑣 is the velocity attained by electron, then
∴ 𝑉2 = 𝑉1 ( ) = 400 × ( ) = 3200V 1
𝑟1 1 𝑚𝑣 2 = 𝑒𝑉
27.(d) 2
Planck’s constant, 2𝑒𝑉
𝑣= √
ℎ = 𝐸/𝑣 = [ML2 T −2 /T −1 ] = [ML2 T −1 ] 𝑚
Angular momentum, 𝐿 = 𝐼𝜔 = [ML2 T −1 ] 40.(a)
31.(b) 𝑣 = 𝐸/𝐵 = 6 × 104 /8 × 10−2 = 7.5 × 105 ms−1
Energy of photons corresponding to light of
12375
wavelength𝜆1 = 2475 Å is𝐸1 = = 5 𝑒𝑉
2475
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41.(a)
Saturation current is proportional to intensity
while stopping potential increases with increase in
frequency. Hence,
𝑣𝑎 = 𝑣𝑏 while 𝐼𝑎 < 𝐼𝑏
42.(c)
Let 𝐸1 and 𝐸2 be the KE of photoelectrons for
incident light of frequency 𝑣 and 2𝑣 respectively.
Then ℎ𝑣 = 𝐸1 + ϕ and ℎ2𝑣 = 𝐸2 + ϕ0
So, 2(𝐸1 + ϕ0 ) = 𝐸2 + ϕ0 or 𝐸2 = 2𝐸1 + ϕ0
It means the KE of photoelectron becomes more
than double
43.(c)
𝑛ℎ
Linear momntum of an electron in 𝑛 th orbit 𝐿 = 2𝜋′
ℎ
for 𝑛 = 2 then𝐿 = 𝜋
44.(b)
ℎ𝑐/𝜆 = 103 eV …(i)
ℎ𝑣 = 106 eV …(ii)
Dividing Eq.(ii) by Eq. (i) we get, 𝑣 = 103 𝑐/𝜆
= 103 × 3 × 108 /1.24 × 10−9 = 2.4 × 1020 Hz
45.(b)
The energy of photon is
ℎ𝑐
𝐸 = ℎ𝑣 =
𝜆
Hence, energy of radio photon is
𝐸 = 6.6 × 10−34 × 2 × 105 J
𝑐 3 × 108
(∵ 𝑣 = = = 2 × 105 Hz)
𝜆 1500
∴ 𝐸 = 1.32 × 10−28 J