Overview of applications of the University of Natural Resources and University of Natural Resources and

HYDRUS constructed wetland Applied Life Sciences, Vienna

Department of
Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of
Water, Atmosphere, and Environment Water, Atmosphere, and Environment

module

Günter Langergraber

Institute of Sanitary Engineering and

Water Pollution Control

28 March 2008
HYDRUS User Workshop, Prague

28.03.2008 Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control I Günter Langergraber 1 28.03.2008 Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control I Günter Langergraber 2

Content
University of Natural Resources and
Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of
Water, Atmosphere, and Environment
Introduction
University of Natural Resources and
Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of
Water, Atmosphere, and Environment

Constructed wetlands (CWs) or wetland treatment systems

Introduction – constructed wetland technology
ƒ CWs are wetlands designed to improve water quality.
Simulation of constructed wetlands
ƒ CWs use the same processes that occur in natural wetlands but have the flexibility of
Fundamentals being constructed.
The multi-component reactive transport module CW2D ƒ CWs are used successfully with different quality of the influent water and under various
Simulation results climatic conditions
Summary and Conclusions ƒ CWs are effective in treating organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and additionally for
decreasing the concentrations of heavy metals, organic chemicals, and pathogens.

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 Constructed Wetland Technology
University of Natural Resources and
Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of
Water, Atmosphere, and Environment
Constructed Wetland Technology
University of Natural Resources and
Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of
Water, Atmosphere, and Environment

In general the use of CWs provides a relatively simple, inexpensive, Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands
and robust solution for the treatment of water. Compared to other treatment options CWs
usually need less operation and maintenance expenses.
Additional benefits include their tolerance against fluctuations of flow and pollution load,
the facility of water reuse and recycling, the provision of habitat for many wetland
organisms, and the more aesthetic appearance of a natural system compared to technical
treatment options.
The role of the plants:
ƒ The most important effects of macrophytes are physical effects.
ƒ The amount of nutrients that can be removed by harvesting is generally insignificant
(compared to the loadings with wastewater).
ƒ Plants also have other functions e.g. provision of habitat for wildlife and giving the
treatment system a more aesthetic appearance.

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Constructed Wetland Technology Constructed Wetland Technology

University of Natural Resources and
Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of
Water, Atmosphere, and Environment
Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands – Horizontal flow
University of Natural Resources and
Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of
Water, Atmosphere, and Environment
Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands – Vertical flow

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 Constructed Wetland Technology Constructed Wetland Technology
University of Natural Resources and University of Natural Resources and
Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Applications Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of Department of
Water, Atmosphere, and Environment Water, Atmosphere, and Environment

Wastewater treatment
ƒ domestic wastewater
- main (SSF) or tertiary (SF+SSF) treatment stage
- pre-treatment, HF or VF SSF CW
ƒ industrial wastewater
- coal and metal mining waters, refinery effluents, oil-sand processing water, pulp
and paper industry, food processing wastewater
ƒ agricultural wastewater
CW Kroisbach
(Upper Austria) ƒ hospital wastewater
– 40 p.e.
Stormwater and runoff management, Surface water treatment, Landfill leachate, …

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Simulation of Constructed Wetlands Simulation of Constructed Wetlands

University of Natural Resources and University of Natural Resources and
Fundamentals Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Fundamentals Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of Department of
Water, Atmosphere, and Environment Water, Atmosphere, and Environment

Migration Models
Why? ƒ Migration processes are all physically, chemically and biologically caused transport,
storage, exchange and transformation processes of heat and solutes in the soil and
groundwater zone
ƒ better understanding of the processes within the black box the black box "constructed
wetland" ρ (c,T), ν (c,T)
Flow model Transport model
ƒ optimisation of the design of constructed wetlands. (Quantity model) v, c.δφ /δt, (Quality model)
w
up to now: only ”rules of thumb”, e.g. 5m²/p.e. for VF-CW (ÖNORM B 2505, 1997) and
4m²/p.e. for VF-CW (ÖNORM B 2505, 2005), respectively
c ..... concentration
T ..... temperature
ρ( c,T) ..... density
ν (c,T) ..... kinematic viscosity
v ..... flow rate
c.δφ/ t ..... alterations storage
w ..... internal flow sources and sinks

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 Simulation of Constructed Wetlands Simulation of Constructed Wetlands
University of Natural Resources and University of Natural Resources and
Fundamentals Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Fundamentals Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of Department of
Water, Atmosphere, and Environment Water, Atmosphere, and Environment

Flow model – Richard’s Equation Transport model

∂ Θ ⋅ ci ∂ ρ ⋅ s i
∂ θ (h ) ∂ ⎡ ⎛ ∂ h ⎞⎤ + = ∇ ⋅ (Θ ⋅ Di ⋅ ∇ci ) − ∇(q ⋅ ci ) + S ⋅ c S ,i + ri
= ⋅ ⎢ K (h ) ⋅ ⎜ K ijA + K izA ⎟⎥ − S ∂ t ∂ t   
∂t ∂ xi ⎢⎣ ⎜ ∂ xj ⎟⎥
⎝ ⎠⎦ dispersion convection
and diffusion
sources and sinks

βi
ks ,i ⋅ ci
Θ(h) = volumetric water content; si = βi
h = pressure head; 1 + ηi ⋅ ci
S = source/sink term;
xi (i=1,2) = spatial coordinates;
K(h) = unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function c ... concentration in the solute phase
KijA = components of the dimensionless anisotropy tensor KA s ... concentration in the adsorbed phase

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Simulation of Constructed Wetlands Simulation of Constructed Wetlands

University of Natural Resources and University of Natural Resources and
Fundamentals Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
The multi-component reactive transport module CW2D Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of Department of
Water, Atmosphere, and Environment Water, Atmosphere, and Environment

Transport model (cont’d) Overview

ƒ describes biochemical transformation and elimination processes for carbon,
R R nitrogen and phosphorus
ri = θ ⋅ ∑ν j ,i rc j + ρ ⋅ ∑ν j ,i rs j ƒ micro-organisms play the major role
j =1 j =1 ƒ comprises 9 processes and 12 components
ƒ is based on the mathematical structure of the Activated Sludge Models (Henze et
N = number of species ; i = 1..N al., 2000)
R = number of processes; j = 1..R ƒ is introduced into the variably-saturated water flow and solute transport program
υj,i = stoichiometric factor for species i process j HYDRUS-2D (finite-elements, Simunek et al., 1999)
rcj = zero-order reaction rate for process j (aqueous phase) ƒ Langergraber, G. (2003): Simulation of subsurface flow constructed wetlands - Results and further research
needs. Water Science & Technology 48(5), 157-166.
rsj = zero-order reaction rate for process j (adsorbed phase) ƒ Langergraber, G., Šimůnek, J. (2005): Modeling variably-saturated water flow and multi-component reactive
transport in constructed wetlands. Vadoze Zone Journal 4(4), 924-938.

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 CW2D stoichiometric matrix

N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Material and methods R Simulation of Constructed Wetlands

components
processes \ units
O2
gO2
CR
gCOD
CS
gCOD
CI XH XANs XANb
gCOD gCOD gCOD gCOD
NH4N
gN
NO2N
gN
NO3N
gN
N2N
gN
IP
gP
University of Natural Resources and Heterotrophic organisms University of Natural Resources and
The multi-component reactive transport module CW2D
The multi-component reactive transport module CW2D Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
1 hydrolysis 1-f Hyd,CI -1 fHyd,CI ν1,N
Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
ν1,P
Department of Department of
Water, Atmosphere, and Environment Water, Atmosphere, and Environment
aerobic growth of
2 heterotrophs on readily 1 - 1/YH -1/YH 1 ν2,N ν2,P
biodegradable COD
Components Processes
NO3-growth of
ν3,N ν3,P
ƒ dissolved oxygen [mg O2/l], ƒ hydrolysis (slowly Î readily 3 heterotrophs on readily
biodegradable COD
-1/YH 1 -(1-YH)/2.86YH (1-YH)/2.86YH

ƒ readily and slowly biodegradable, and inert biodegradable) NO2-growth of

4 heterotrophs on readily -1/YH 1 ν4,N -(1-YH)/1.71YH (1-YH)/1.71YH ν4,P
OM [mg COD/l], ƒ aerobic growth of heterotrphic biodegradable COD

ƒ ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and N2 [mg N/l] MO (degradation of OM) 5 lysis f BM,CR 1-f BM,CR-f BM,CI fBM,CI -1 ν5,N ν5,P

ƒ inorganic phosphorus [mg P/l], ƒ anoxic growth of heterotrphic Nitrosomonas

ƒ heterotrophic MO [mg COD/l], MO using nitrate and nitrite 6

aerobic growth of
-(3.43-YANs)/YANs 1 iN,BM-1/YANs 1/YANs ν6,P
N.somonas on NH4
ƒ autotrophic MO (Nitrosomonas and (denitrification)
Nitrobacter) [mg COD/l], ƒ aerobic growth of Nitrosomonas 7 lysis of N.somonas f BM,CR 1-f BM,CR-f BM,CI fBM,CI -1 ν7,N ν7,P

ƒ Organic N and P are modelled as N and P and Nitrobacter (nitrification) Nitrobacter

content of the COD. ƒ lysis (for heterotrophic and 8

aerobic growth of
-(1.14-YANb)/YANb 1 ν8,N -1/YANb 1/YANb ν8,P
N.bacter on NO2
autotrophic MO)
9 lysis of N.bacter f BM,CR 1-f BM,CR-f BM,CI fBM,CI -1 ν9,N ν9,P

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CW2D reaction rates

Simulation Results
University of Natural Resources and University of Natural Resources and
Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
HF constructed wetland (Spain) – Tracer experiments Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of Department of
Water, Atmosphere, and Environment Water, Atmosphere, and Environment

Constant flow rate

Artificial wastewater
Different plant species

12

10
Concentration Br- (mg/L)

8 Cexp
DPF
DTGD
6 HYDRUS-2D

Comparison of experimental tracer concentrations

2
to simulation results for CW1 (planted with
0 Phragmites australis) using different models
(according to Mena, 2008).
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (d)

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5
 Simulation Results Simulation Results
University of Natural Resources and University of Natural Resources and
HF constructed wetland (comparison with literature data) Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
HF constructed wetland (comparison with literature data) Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of Department of
Water, Atmosphere, and Environment Water, Atmosphere, and Environment
Headley et al. (2005): Treatment at different depths and vertical mixing within a
1-m deep horizontal subsurface-flow wetland. Ecol Eng 25, 567–582.

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Simulation Results Simulation Results

University of Natural Resources and University of Natural Resources and
HF constructed wetland (comparison with literature data) Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
HF constructed wetland (comparison with literature data) Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of Department of
250 Water, Atmosphere, and Environment 40 Water, Atmosphere, and Environment

Bottom 35

200 Middle
Top 30
In/out sim

NH4-N (mg/L)
Headley - middle 25
COD (mg/L)

150
Headley - top
Headley - bottom 20
Bottom
100 Middle
15
Top
In/out sim
10
50 Headley - middle
Headley - top
5
Headley - bottom

0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5
Distance from the inlet (m) Distance from the inlet (m)
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 Simulation Results Simulation Results
University of Natural Resources and University of Natural Resources and
HF constructed wetland (comparison with literature data) Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Pilot-scale subsurface VF CW for wastewater treatment Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of Department of
14 Water, Atmosphere, and Environment Water, Atmosphere, and Environment

Bottom
12 Middle
Top

10
In/out sim INLET
Headley - middle
NO3-N (mg/L)

Headley - top
8 Headley - bottom

60
main layer
4

intermediate layer

15 10
2 OUTLET
drainage layer
0
0 1 2 3 4 5

Distance from the inlet (m)

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Simulation Results Simulation Results

University of Natural Resources and University of Natural Resources and
Pilot-scale subsurface VF CW for wastewater treatment Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Pilot-scale subsurface VF CW for wastewater treatment Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of Department of
Water, Atmosphere, and Environment Water, Atmosphere, and Environment

Flow simulations

Materials:
Materials:
main layer (0/4mm)
Z gravel
Materials 4/8mm
intermediate
sand 0/4mm layer (4/8mm)
gravel 4/8m m
s and 0/4m m
Y X

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7
 Simulation Results Simulation Results
University of Natural Resources and University of Natural Resources and
Pilot-scale subsurface VF CW for wastewater treatment Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Pilot-scale subsurface VF CW for wastewater treatment Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of Department of
Water, Atmosphere, and Environment Water, Atmosphere, and Environment

Flow simulations Flow simulations

60
30% 30%
Measured data
0-10cm simulated (2cm) 20-30cm simulated (20cm)
50 Measured ks + porosity 25% simulated (5cm) 25% simulated (25cm)
Langergraber (2003) simulated (10cm) simulated (30cm)
Effluent rate (ml/min)

water content

water content
20% measured (0-10cm) 20% measured (20-30cm)
40
15% 15%

30 10% 10%

5% 5%
20
0% 0%
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
10 time after feeding [h] time after feeding [h]

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time (hours)

28.03.2008 Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control I Günter Langergraber 29 28.03.2008 Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control I Günter Langergraber 30

Simulation Results Simulation Results

University of Natural Resources and University of Natural Resources and
Pilot-scale subsurface VF CW for wastewater treatment Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Pilot-scale subsurface VF CW for wastewater treatment Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of Department of
Water, Atmosphere, and Environment Water, Atmosphere, and Environment

Single-solute transport simulations Reactive transport simulations

8
40 litre/day (measured)
7
Electrical conductivity (mS/cm)

40 litre/day (simulated)

6 60 litre/day (measured)
60 litre/day (simulated)
5

0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Time after start of tracer experiment (days)

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8
 Simulation Results Simulation Results
University of Natural Resources and University of Natural Resources and
Pilot-scale subsurface VF CW for wastewater treatment Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Pilot-scale subsurface VF CW for wastewater treatment Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of Department of
Water, Atmosphere, and Environment Water, Atmosphere, and Environment

Microbial biomass Microbial biomass

ƒ CW2D is based on mass balances for COD Î also biomass concentrations are 7'000

expressed in terms of COD

Microbial biomass COD (mg/gDW)

6'000
ƒ A number of methods exist to determine the COD of the microbial biomass in activated Calculated from biomass C (SIR)
sludge systems, however, no method exists for determining the COD of soil biomass. 5'000
Simulated
ƒ Measurements of the C and N content of the biomass and calculate the biomass COD 4'000
using conversion factors based on stoichiometry.
3'000
ƒ A number of methods have been applied (Tietz et al., 2007), e.g. conversion of
bacterial abundance determined by microscopic direct counts into biomass by 2'000
measurement of the cell volume, fumigation-extraction for biomass-C and -N, ATP
measurements for biomass-C, and substrate induced respiration (SIR) for biomass-C. 1'000

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Filter depth (cm)
Langergraber (2007): Comparison of measured and simulated distribution of microbial biomass in subsurface vertical flow CWs. Wat.Sci.Technol., (acctepted). Langergraber (2007): Comparison of measured and simulated distribution of microbial biomass in subsurface vertical flow CWs. Wat.Sci.Technol., (acctepted).

28.03.2008 Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control I Günter Langergraber 33 28.03.2008 Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control I Günter Langergraber 34

Simulation Results Simulation Results

University of Natural Resources and University of Natural Resources and
Pilot-scale subsurface VF CW for wastewater treatment Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Two-stage subsurface flow constructed wetland Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of Department of
Water, Atmosphere, and Environment Water, Atmosphere, and Environment

Sensitivity analysis

Influence Parameters
1 strong kaer,O2 ρ Θs α n KS YH bH Kh KX INLET
25

2 DispL YANs YANb μH μDN bANs bAnb 25

Δ10
15 top layer - gravel 4/8 mm OUTLET x A-1
x A-2
x A-3
Khet,CR KDN,CR fBM,CI x A-4 B-3 x
sand - gravel 0/4 mm
55

medium Θr μANs Khet,O2 KDN,O2 KDN,NO3N KANs,O2

70
sand - gravel 0/4 mm x A-5 B-2 x

65
3

45

57.5

50
50
x A-6 B-1 x

35
35
KANs,NH4N fBM,CR iN,CR iN,BM

20
20
drainage layer - gravel 16/32 m m
15

geotextile
CHAMBER A CHAMBER B
4 μAnb Khet,NH4N KDN,NO2N KDN,NH4N KANs,IP CHAMBER A
DOWNFLOW
CHAMBER B
UPFLOW DOWNFLOW UPFLOW
KANb,O2 KANb,NO2N iN,CS iP,CR DO2,aq DO2,g
5 weak DispT Khet,IP KDN,IP KANb,NH4N KANb,IP
iN,CI iP,CS iP,CI iP,BM Dorg,aq DIN,aq DIP,aq
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 Simulation Results Simulation Results
University of Natural Resources and University of Natural Resources and
Two-stage subsurface flow constructed wetland Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Two-stage subsurface flow constructed wetland Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of Department of
Water, Atmosphere, and Environment Water, Atmosphere, and Environment
30 16
A - 4 (50cm) A - 6 (20cm)
14
25

conductivity [mS/cm]
conductivity [mS/cm]
Simulated conductivity
Simulated conductivity 12 (only mobile water)
8 20 (only mobile water)
Simulated conductivity
Simulated conductivity 10
Top of the main layer (mobile/immobile water)
(mobile/immobile water)
7 15 8 Measured conductivity
Measured conductivity

NH4N, NO3N (mg/l)

6 10
4
5 5
2

4 NH4N measured 0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
NO3N measured time [h] time [h]
3
NH4N simulated
8 8
2 B - 3 (50cm) effluent
NO3N simulated 7 7 Simulated conductivity
(only mobile water)

conductivity [mS/cm]
conductivity [mS/cm]
1 6
Simulated conductivity
(only mobile water)
6 Simulated conductivity
(mobile/immobile water)
Simulated conductivity
5 5 Measured conductivity
0 (mobile/immobile water)
Measured conductivity
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 4 4
Vertical flow distance (cm) 3 3

2 2

1 1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
time [h] time [h]

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Simulation Results Simulation Results

University of Natural Resources and University of Natural Resources and
Two-stage subsurface flow constructed wetland Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Outdoor CW (Ernsthofen, NÖ) for treatment of wastewater Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of Department of
Water, Atmosphere, and Environment Water, Atmosphere, and Environment

3 parallel beds
surface area 20 m² each
organic loading of 20, 27, 40 g COD/(m².d)
Langergraber (2007): SciTotEnv., doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.10.030 Î resp. 4, 3, 2 m²/PE
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 Simulation Results Simulation Results
University of Natural Resources and University of Natural Resources and
Outdoor CW (Ernsthofen, NÖ) for treatment of wastewater Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Outdoor CW (Ernsthofen, NÖ) for treatment of wastewater Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of Department of
Water, Atmosphere, and Environment 70 Water, Atmosphere, and Environment
100 Measured effluent flow 1000
Simulated effluent flow
Measured cumulative effluent 60
Simulated cumulative effluent
80 800 NH4-N simulated

Cumulative effluent (L)

50

CSB, NH4-N (mg/l)

COD simulated
Effluent flow (L/h)

NH4-N measured
40 COD measured
60 600

30

40 400
20

10
20 200

0
0 5 10 15 20
0 0 Temperature (°C)
0 6 12 Time (h) 18 24
Langergraber (2007): SciTotEnv., doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.10.030 After adaptation of temperature dependencies for KANs,NH4 and KX
28.03.2008 Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control I Günter Langergraber 41 28.03.2008 Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control I Günter Langergraber 42

Simulation Results Simulation Results

University of Natural Resources and University of Natural Resources and
CW for treatment of combined sewer overflow Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
CW for treatment of combined sewer overflow Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of Department of
Water, Atmosphere, and Environment Water, Atmosphere, and Environment

Characteristics
ƒ loading is stochastic and not regularly Î long dry periods
ƒ different composition of CSO compared to wastewater

Treatment goals Column C 1/2 C 3/4 C 5/6

ƒ detention and reduction of peak flows (throttles) Drainage throttled throttled free
Filtration rate (m/h) 0.036 0.180 -
ƒ reduction of suspended solids Effluent flow (litre/h) 1 5 -
ƒ reduction of soluble and particulate pollutants by adsorption and biological
degradation

HYDRUS-2D/CW2D had to be modified to model

ƒ a throttled effluent (constant filter velocity) and
Lab-scale filter column
ƒ impoundage (storage volume)
Dittmer, U., Meyer, D., Langergraber, G. (2005): Simulation of a Subsurface Vertical Flow CW for CSO Treatment. Wat.Sci.Technol. 51(9), 225-232. Dittmer, U., Meyer, D., Langergraber, G. (2005): Simulation of a Subsurface Vertical Flow CW for CSO Treatment. Wat.Sci.Technol. 51(9), 225-232.

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11
 Simulation Results Simulation Results
University of Natural Resources and University of Natural Resources and
CW for treatment of combined sewer overflow Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
CW for treatment of combined sewer overflow Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of Department of
Water, Atmosphere, and Environment Water, Atmosphere, and Environment

Dittmer, U., Meyer, D., Langergraber, G. (2005): Simulation of a Subsurface Vertical Flow CW for CSO Treatment. Wat.Sci.Technol. 51(9), 225-232.

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Simulation Results Simulation of SSFCWs for WWT

University of Natural Resources and University of Natural Resources and
CW for treatment of combined sewer overflow Applied Life Sciences, Vienna Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of Department of
30 0 Water, Atmosphere, and Environment Water, Atmosphere, and Environment

Flow
Research needs
effluent concentration [mg/l]

25 0.01
Total COD
outflow qdr [l/(m²*s)]

20 0.02 9 investigation of plant uptake models,

9 numerical simulations of outdoor constructed wetland systems,
15 0.03
ƒ detailed hydraulic investigations of full-scale constructed wetlands,
10 0.04 ƒ development of experimental techniques for the measurement of the CW2D model
parameters, and
5 0.05
ƒ improving the simulation tool by including a model that is able to describe substrate
clogging processes.
0 0.06
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
time [h]
O2 CR CS CI
CSB NH4N NO3N COD measured
NH4-N measured qdr

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 Simulation of SSF CWs
University of Natural Resources and
Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of
Water, Atmosphere, and Environment
Simulation of SSF CWs
University of Natural Resources and
Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of
Water, Atmosphere, and Environment

Summary and Conclusions Summary and Conclusions

ƒ overview of applications of the multi-component reactive transport module CW2D for
HYDRUS (Langergraber and Šimůnek, 2005).
- different types of CWs have been simulated: VF and HF beds, hybrid systems
and a two-stage down- and upflow CWs
- CWs for different applications have been simulated : treatment of municipal
wastewater, polishing the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant for reuse
purposes and treatment of combined sewer overflow.
- CWs with different sizes from lab-scale columns over pilot-scale systems to
bigger outdoor systems have been simulated.
ƒ In general, results using CW2D showed that water flow, single-solute transport and
reactive transport simulations resulted in good agreements with measured data.
ƒ The practical applications have shown that simulation results match the measured
data when the hydraulic behavior of the system can be described well. A good
match of experimental data to reactive transport simulations can then be obtained for
CWs treating municipal wastewater using the values for the CW2D model parameters
as given by Langergraber and Šimůnek (2005).
ƒ Therefore it is advisable to measure at least the porosity and saturated hydraulic
conductivity of the filter material to obtain reasonable simulation results for water flow
(Langergraber, 2008).

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Contact
Announcement
University of Natural Resources and University of Natural Resources and

2-day workshop on CW modelling @ IOBB2008 Applied Life Sciences, Vienna

Department of Dr. Guenter Langergraber Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of
Water, Atmosphere, and Environment Water, Atmosphere, and Environment

CW2D University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU)
Modelling Software for Subsurface Flow CWs Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment
Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control
Instructor: Dr Guenter Langergraber, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU). Tel.: +43 (0)1 36006-5814, Fax: +43 (0)1 368 99 49
Email: guenter.langergraber@boku.ac.at
Date & location http://www.wau.boku.ac.at/sig.html
10&11 July 2008
Murdoch University
Perth, Western Australia

Information: http://www.etc.murdoch.edu.au/IOBB2008/workshop.html

28.03.2008 Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control I Günter Langergraber 51 28.03.2008 Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control I Günter Langergraber 52

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