Chapter 4: Information, Control, throttled

and Privacy COMPRESSIBLE

Living in the I.T. Era / MST 101d* INFORMATION

Engr. Michael R. Balagtas • Can be compressed into smaller data in order to be

sent faster
INTRODUCTION
• Useful for sending large files
TO RESOURCES
TRANSPORTABLE
A resource is a source of supply or support that
All resources that can be
can be used when needed.
transported with a given set
It is also anything that can be described and
of policies
referenced.
TRANSPORTABLE
- can replenish itself at the rate it is used.
INFORMATION
- have limited supply.
• Can be transferred through
- are the tangible resources that a business needs to
maintain. different mediums

- materials that have been conceived and created • Can send information through
digitally.
the internet or a hard drive
- holds between a set of concepts and a group of
DIFFUSIVE
people.
This involves the mingling of
INFORMATION
substances by the natural
AS RESOURCES
movement of their particles
EXPANDABLE
DIFFUSIVE
INFORMATION
INFORMATION
COMPRESSIBLE
• Spread of information among
INFORMATION
interconnected nodes or
TRANSPORTABLE
entities in a network
INFORMATION
SHAREABLE
DIFFUSIVE
Shared resources that can
INFORMATION
easily be accessed from a
SHAREABLE
remote computer
INFORMATION
SHAREABLE
EXPANDABLE
INFORMATION
All resources available to an
• Exchange of data
institution
• Can be shared everywhere
EXPANDABLE
• Can be send through different
INFORMATION
mediums
• Difficult to destroy, easy to
INFORMATION
expand
ECONOMICS
• Can be spread easily through
INFORMATION
different mediums
ECONOMICS
• Size can be large or small

COMPRESSIBLE ➢ a means of selecting IT projects with highest

All resources that are being possibility of generating added value for the

processed and can be company.

➢ incorporates the technique of scoring untested IT or business skills,

methodologies. management capabilities, or

➢ Scoring methodology is used to identify all the experience.

performance issues and assign a weight to each ORGANIZATIONAL

one. RISK (OR)

Note: This approach can incorporate both tangible and BUSINESS DOMAIN
intangible benefits. Assesses the degree to which
RETURN ON INVESTMENT (ROI) the proposed project fits into
➢ A performance measure used to evaluate the the overall information systems
efficiency of an investment or to compare direction.
the efficiency of a number of different STRATEGIC IT
investments ARCHITECTURE (SA)
The ROI formula: IT DOMAIN
Assesses the degree to which Assesses the specificity of the
the proposed project responds user’s or business’ objectives
to established corporate and that are communicated to that
business strategies and goals. IT project personnel.
STRATEGIC MATCH DEFINITIONAL
BUSINESS DOMAIN UNCERTAINTY (DU)
Evaluates the degree to which IT DOMAIN
the proposed project provides Assesses a project’s
an advantage in the dependence on new or untried
marketplace. technologies which may
COMPETITIVE involve a single technology or a
ADVANTAGE (CA) combination of new technical
BUSINESS DOMAIN skills sets, hardware, or
Assesses the project’s software tools.
contribution to management’s TECHNOLOGY
need for information on core UNCERTAINTY (TU)
activities. IT DOMAIN
INFORMATION An environment assessment,
MANAGEMENT (MI) involving such factors as data
BUSINESS DOMAIN administration,
Evaluates the degree of communications, distributed
business risk associated with systems, etc.
not undertaking the project INFRASTRUCTURE
COMPETITIVE RISK (IR)
RESPONSE (CR) IT DOMAIN
BUSINESS DOMAIN SECURED
Assessment of the degree to ● The value of information could be lost due to issues
which an information systems such as unauthorized user access or intentionally
project depends on new or damaging its existence.
● It is important to make steps to protect valuable data
and information, like use of passwords to protect data
and information.
STRATEGIES OF
INFORMATION
ECONOMICS
• Information Strategy refers to a long-term plan
designed to achieve the
organization’s objectives in the management of
knowledge, information, or data.
WHAT IS INFORMATION
STRATEGY?
• It is usually a formalized document that contains a
description of the
strategic objective’s information and data management,
and a timetable for
their implementation.
• Information Strategy is used to determine what
information is crucial for the
functioning and decision making in the organization and
how to build it and
maintain it.
Browsing Previews
• The web browsing history is the list of
web pages a user has visited recently, as
well as associated data such as page
title and time of visit, which is recorded
by web browser software as standard
for a certain period.
Branding
• the process of creating a relationship or
a connection between a company's
product and emotional perception of
the customer for the purpose of
generating segregation among
competition and building loyalty among
customers.
Reputation
• Your reputation is the general
belief or opinion that other
people have about you. If you are
considered trustworthy and kind,
you have a good reputation.
INFORMATION
OVERLOAD
WHAT IS INFORMATION OVERLOAD?
❑Information overload describes the
excess of information available to a
person aiming to complete a task or
make a decision. This impedes the
decision-making process, resulting in a
poor (or even no) decision being
made.
❑The term “information overload” was
coined by Bertram Gross, a Professor
of Political Science at Hunter College.
“Information overload occurs when the amount of
input to a system exceeds its processing capacity.
Decision makers have fairly limited cognitive
processing capacity. Consequently, when
information overload occurs, it is likely that a
reduction in decision quality will occur.”
-Bertram Gross
INFORMATION OVERLOAD TODAY
❑The dawn of the information age and access to
powerful and low-cost data collection on automated
basis has brought us more information today than any
other point in history.
❑Managing various information in daily life is a
problem
that everyone faces. A lot of data is spilled into our
lives every minute through social media, e-mails,
webpages, mobile apps, etc.
RISKS OF INFORMATION OVERLOAD
❑The information that we consume in a daily basis
affects us in many different ways:
o Information overload leads to cognitive overload
(and brain fog).
o Decision-making becomes a real challenge.
o Your willpower reservoir gets depleted.
o Information overdose may trigger anxiety.
o Overload of information makes it harder to focus.
o Critical thinking skills become impaired.
Information overload
leads to cognitive
overload (and brain
fog). information provision – leading to a

o The human brain could quantity over quality effect in many

only process a certain industries

amount of information at a o The simplicity of creating, duplicating

time. and sharing of information online

Decision-making o The exponential increase in channels to

becomes a real receive information by; radio,

challenge. television, print media, websites, email, mobile

telephony, RSS feeds, etc.
o Making various decisions
CAUSES OF
is an energy-consuming
INFORMATION
process.
OVERLOAD
Your willpower
TODAY
reservoir gets
o The increasing weight of historical data
depleted.
available to us
o it is hard to stay motivated
o High volumes of conflicting,
and productive.
contradictory and plain old inaccurate
Information overdose
information
may trigger anxiety.
o No simple methodologies for quickly
o It can cause stress that may
processing, comparing and evaluating
lead to aggravate the
information sources
anxiety that one is already
o A lack of clear structure in groups of
feeling.
information and poor clues as to the
Overload of
relationships between those groups
information makes it
HOW TO AVOID
harder to focus.
INFORMATION
o Information overload
OVERLOAD
takes toll on concentration
oUnplug oManage your
and focus
information
Critical thinking skills
oKeep it simple oClear your mind oSet limits oPrepare
become impaired.
for the next
o As we continue to
day
consume a lot of
UNPLUG
information, distinguishing
o Take time each day away
high-quality and poorquality content becomes
from screen time.
harder.
MANAGE YOUR
CAUSES OF
INFORMATION
INFORMATION
o Be selective and prioritize
OVERLOAD
the information you
TODAY
consume.
o Huge volumes of new information
KEEP IT SIMPLE
being constantly created
o Keep the information less
o Pressure to create and compete in
and avoid duplication. • Considered an important aspect of information
sharing
CLEAR YOUR MIND
• Need to maintain information privacy is applicable to
o Have a regular “brain
collected personal
dump” and put your
information, such as medical records, financial data,
thoughts on paper. criminal records,

SET LIMITS political records, business related information or

website data.
o Know what is important and
DATA TYPES
create boundaries.
INTERNET PRIVACY
PREPARE FOR THE
(Online Privacy)
NEXT DAY
• Displaying of information pertaining to oneself via
o Collect your thoughts and
Internet
plan ahead.
• This can include both personally-identifying
information
INFORMATION (PII) and non-personally-identifying information, such
CONTROL as your behavior on a website.
Information Control could be a • Most websites publish a privacy policy that details the
instrument where the control website’s intended use of collected online and/or
actions are of implicit, indirect offline collected data.
nature and the data that's EXAMPLES
given to the controlled object FINANCIAL PRIVACY
has the frame of instructive • Financial information is particularly sensitive, as it may
picture. easily used to commit online and/or offline fraud.
Purposes of Information Control • It is to be kept away from the third party with no
As a tool to help managers control authorization from the party that has power over the
other organizational activities. information.
As an organizational area that MEDICAL PRIVACY
managers need to control. • All medical records are subject
Isolation Information and to stringent laws that address user access privileges.
Education • The practice of maintaining the security and
Managing the confidential of patient records.
education System • Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
Spies and (HIPAAH)
Informants CHARACTERISTICS OF
Redefinition of VALUABLE
Truth INFORMATION

ACCURATE
INFORMATION ● Accurate information is error free. Errors could be
PRIVACY occurred

• The privacy of personal information due to different reasons.

What does Information ● If there is some problem in the knowledge required

for the
Privacy mean?
process, output (information) may have errors.
• Relates to personal data stored on computer systems
● At the same time, if input (data) contains some errors, the presentation.
the
● Providing too many information is known as
output will not be accurate. This is known as garbage in
information overloading.
garbage out (GIGO). Inaccurate information is not error
TIMELY
free.
● Decisions should be made at the right time
COMPLETE
to achieve effectiveness.
Complete information contains
● Timely information refers to providing
all the important
information at the right time.
facts to make clear decisions.
VERIFIABLE
ECONOMICAL
● If it is possible to confirm the reliability of
● Information should also be relatively
the information about its correctness, it
economical.
becomes verifiable Information.
● Decision makers must always balance
If you are not sure about a particular
the value of information with the cost
information heard from a radio channel, you
of producing it.
can search about it using internet.
FLEXIBLE
ACCESSIBLE
● Flexible information can be used for a variety of
purposes. ● Accurate information plays a major roll in the
For example, Information on how much inventory is on decision making process of any organization.
hand for a particular part can be for: ● Therefore it is essential to be able to access
● a sales representative to determine the sales plan the correct/relevant information by
● a production manager to identify possible constraints authorized personnel at the right time to
for
meet their needs.
the production
Information Control &
● a financial executive to calculate the current assets
figures Software Piracy

of inventory HOW DID THEY DIFFER FROM EACH OTHER?

RELIABLE INFORMATION CONTROL

● Reliability of information describes the -is literally the right to have a

correctness of the information. control over your personal

● If there are any problems with respect information or works.

to correctness of data, it will definitely SOFTWARE PIRACY

affect the reliability of information. -is an illegal act of copying,

RELEVANT distribution and use of

● The relevance of information is software.

determined based on the usefulness of Types of

information with respect to the decision Software Piracy

making process. SOFT LIFTING

SIMPLE CLIENT-SERVER OVERUSE

● Simplicity in the representation of information is also HARD-DISK LOADING

a very useful feature utilized to improve the usability COUNTERFEITING

of information in the decision-making process. Republic Act No. 10372

● Too many information could affect the simplicity in Intellectual Property (IP) :

refers to one's ideas and works of the mind. It

includes inventions, literary works, designs, symbols, Rights within the Intellectual

names and logos used for commerce. Property Office of the

Types of Intellectual Property: Philippines (IPOPHL).

Copyright - the rights that creators have Grant of specific enforcement

over their literary and artistic works. It functions to the Director

includes copyright from books, music, General of IPOPHL and his

paintings, films, computer programs or deputies.

even advertisements. Implementation of technological

Related Rights - are the rights which is protection measures and rights

mainly related to copyright. management information for

According to the Copyright and Related copyrighted works disseminated

Rights Act they include: through Internet.

Right of performers, right of producers

of phonograms, right of film producers,

right of broadcasting organizations, right

of publishers in their editions, and right

of producers of databases.

Digital Rights Management (DRM)- is a way to

protect copyrights for digital media. This

approach includes the use of technologies that

limit the copying and use of copyrighted works

CREDITS: This presentation template
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icons by Flaticon, and infographics &
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images by Freepik
Trademark - is a sign capable of distinguishing
THANK
the goods or services of one enterprise from
YOU!
those of other enterprises.
DOES ANYONE
Protection of Undisclosed Information (Trade
HAVE ANY
Secrets) - are IP rights on confidential
QUESTIONS?
information which may be sold or licensed.
Thank you for being here today.
Republic Act No. 10372
We really appreciate that you
The Republic Act No. 10372, entitled 'An Act
took the time to be here and
Amending Certain Provisions of Republic Act No. 8293,
listen to our presentation.
otherwise known as the "Intellectual Property Code of
THANK YOU FOR ATTENDING
the Philippines", and for other purposes' was signed
THE CLASS…
into law on February 28, 2013, and entered into force
Engr. MICHAEL R. BALAGTAS
on March 22, 2013.

Republic Act No. 10372

Among the amendments to the Intellectual

Property Code are the following:

Establishment of the Bureau of

Copyright and Other Related