LESSON - 1 ADIVCE TO A YOUNG MAN INTERESTED IN GOING To LAW BY FELIX FRANKFURTER See Annotations | 1. Annotate the following if | were you, | would forget all about any technical prepara- tion for the law. . (May, 2012) This line is taken from the letter, written by Felix Frankfurter to Master [Link] Claussan, Jr. In the lesson “Advice to a young man interested in going to the law”. In this letter, the author advises the young man to forget all about any technical preparation for studying law. He stresses the point that a lawyer should forget all about his future career and he must cultivate his imaginative faculties by reading poetry, seeing paintings and listening to music, in addition to studying law. Hence the author makes it clear that a prospective lawyer-should prepare himself for a truly liberal education. Scanned with anScanner4 2. English -| (May, 2011) Anno! / The best way to prepare for the law is to come to the study son. tate the following of law as well-read pe! r to the prospective lawyer Master [Link] In his lette! f asks him to come Claussan .Jr, the author Felix Frankfurte to study law as a person with a thorough knowledge of us- age of English. He advises him to study poetry and litera- ture of English well before actually becoming a lawyer. He also asks him to be compassionate towards others and em- pathies with clients when he practises law. Annotate the following No less important for a lawyer is the cultivation of the imagi- native faculties by reading poetry, seeing great paintings in the original or in the easily available reproductions, and lis- tening to great music. This is taken from the letter written by Felix Frankfurter to Master [Link] Claussan, Jr. The author, in this letter, asks this student of law, to cultivate imaginative faculties by reading Not just law alone but also by reading poems, see- ing paintings and listening to music. So, he advises the Prospective lawyers to fill their minds with imaginative ideas to broaden their experiences. Scanned ith anScannerLesson-1 5 980 A 4. Annotate the following Stock your mind with the deposit of much good reading, and wider and deeper your feelings by experiencing vicari- ously as much as possible the wonderful mysteries of the universe, and forget all about your future career. (Nov, 2011) In his letter to Paul Claussan .Jr, Felix Frankfurter ad- vises the prospective lawyer to deepen his feelings by stock- ing his mind with much reading of literature of English. He also wants him to develop good feelings by watchings indi- rectly the good feelings of others. Actually vicarious feel- ings, empathizes with the experiences of others. Thus a lawyer should have fellow feelings, and should be kind- hearted. OO IK ‘Seannad ith CamcannerAnnotations 2nd Lesson Annotate the following “For the ability of the lawyer to confuse others by the use of words has long been the subject of proverbs”. This is taken from the lesson ‘The language of the law’ by Urban A. Lavery. The author explains that the usage of words by the lawyer to argue a legal points is the subject of16 English +1 many people. The words used by lawyers confuse the lay, men. The author adds that this is due to the fact that they have been trained SO, and also due to the work they are called upon to do. Even if the lawyers confuse others by their words, the author says, they are the last resource of the common man in case of legal remedy. Annotate the following “Why is it that the lawyer, who thinks and speaks King’s English better than his fellows, falls below them when he writes it? This is taken from “The language of the law” by Urban A. Lavery. The author says that most of the lawy good English, but when they write, their Englis! Their writings confuse the ordinary man. They ai for Prolixity and overuse of words. Lawyers writi the very Purpose of conveying the message to tl ers speak h is poor, Ings defeat he people. Annotate the following Why may not this be the Skull of a lawyer? Where now be his quiddities, his quillets, his ca, ses, his tenures, and his tricks? ‘Seannad th CamcannerLesson - 2 17 quotation from Hamlet and these words of Shakespeare explains the language used by lawyers. The lawyers, even in the period of Shakespeare, were able to express his cases intelligently. They were good in speaking good English even in the age of Shakespeare, but poor in writing. 4, Annotate the following For it is an ancient charge that the lawyer, as compared to other writers, is prolix and muddy in his literary style and is unduly given to the overuse of words. This is taken from the lesson ‘The language of the law’. The author Urban A. Lavery says that people from every walks of life complain that the lawyers’ writings are confus- ing and they use more words even to explain a simple thing. Their language is rather confusing and it is difficult to read. The lawyers lose their mastery of words when they write and their judicial opinions are familiar for prolixity. 5. Annotate the following Moreover, he who undertakes the task is likely to be marked down as an egoist for his pains; he runs the risk of being called a pedantic preacher. The author, Urban A. Lavery, in his paper titled ‘The language of the law’, explains that the person who under- takes the task of teaching writing is considered as an ego- ist. The job of teaching writing, especially writing legal docu- ‘Seannad ith CamcannerEnglish . | aL t and boring. The person may be consig, — nts, is difficul = as a pedantic preacher. So, the author stresses the ° see fact that teaching any person of law writing legal documents is not an easy task. Annotate the following There are books on writing poetry, there are books on writ. ing prose, there are books on writing scientific English, on t writing orations, on writing plays, on writing every kind of English except (so far as | know) on writing legal English. The author, Urban A. Lavery, in his paper “The language of the law” says that the lawyers are not well-versed in writ- ing legal documents that are easy to read. In explaining his Points by stressing the need for learning to write good legal documents. For teaching or leaming good legal documents, that are easy to read, there is not even a single book for a Teady reference. The author asks the lawyers to read good grammar books of English before writing a legal document. ‘Thus he stresses the need for a good book on writing legal English. Annotate the following And thus, between plain, rude and curious, | stand abashed. (May, 2000) , ome 'S taken from the lesson ‘The language of the law’ y Urban A. Lavery. Here, he Quotes the words of William Scanned with anScannerLesson - 2 19 Caxton. Caxton felt that, even in those days, the communi- cation between people of reputation was not clear and easy to understand. He was ashamed of the fact that not even great clerks did not write for an easy understanding. Thus the people who drafted laws in those days did not justify their job of writing legal documents. 8. Annotate the following “With proviso and additions and many times of a sudden penned or corrected by men of none or very little judgment in the law”. This is taken from the lesson written by Urban [Link]. The author explains the reason for the prolixity in the writ- ings of lawyers. The people who draft laws write the laws but it is corrected by the people who know nothing about law. So, the additions and deletions and the afterthought corrections while drafting laws, make them difficult to read. 9. Annotate the following This matter of drafting laws is really a large part of our sub- ject and it may well concern our thoughts. In his paper ‘The language of the law’ Urban [Link] explains that-the writings of lawyers are not easily under- stood. He adds that this is due to the fact the drafting law occupies major portion of writings of lawyers. So, they use guarded words and write cautiously, Hence their style of Scanned with anScannet10. 11. Les: writing and form of words differ from the writings of othe — people. The form and style of our written laws confuse thy laymen. 12. Annotate the following Yet, Strangely enough, itis in this matter of writing laws tha ihe lawyer offen reaches and surpasses the limits of human In the lesson ‘The language of the law’ Urban [Link] Points out the defects in the style of writings. Lawyers con. fuse other people by writing long-winded and complex sen. tences. The laymen who read these sentences are not able to understand them. The author Says that the lawyer often reaches the limit of human Capacity of understanding the laws drafted by some eminent lawyers. - 13 Annotate the following For laws, like the Poor, are not always with us, they are above us and around us and almost reach within us. This line is taken from the lesson ‘The language of the law’, by Urban A. Lavery. Lawyers are famous for writing long sentences without a full stop. They use as many words 8 possible to draft a law and the use of many words con fuses us. He compared it with the poor man who is not with Us, but above us and around us. The poor is everywhere ‘Seannad ith CamcannerLesson - 2 12. 13. 21 and can not be understood. Hence the laws are not clear to read and so the laymen are not able to follow them. Annotate the following It is notorious that English writers seldom look into a gram- mar or composition book. This sentence is taken from the lesson ‘The language of the law’ by Urban A. Lavery. The author says that law- yers often consult their law books. But they never consult a good grammar book or a composition. He advised them to consult a good grammar book before drafting laws or legal documents. Since they consult only the law books written many years ago, their style of writing and the form of words are not clear to the ordinary people. Annotate the following Both words seem to have been in fairly common use three hundred years ago. In his paper ‘The language of the law’, the author Ur- ban A. Lavery quotes from the Shakespeare drama ‘Hamelt'. From this quotation he has taken two words ‘quiddity’ and ‘quillet’, and. says that these two words have been in use . three hundred years ago. ‘Quiddity’ explains the nicety of lawyers in arguing his case, and ‘quibble’ says about their argument about something unimportant. Shakespeare used Scanned with anScannet24 49, 20. English -, The author Urban A. Lavery in his paper on ‘The oa guage of the law’ quotes professor a nee This professor discussed the subject of prolixity in detail. He advised the lawyers not to quote the ten commandments before the audience in the court of law. He added that the lawyers should not bore the audience with what they knew already. Annotate the following Another chief defect in the writing of lawyers is the fact that they use circumlocution rather than, blunt-speech. This line is taken from ‘The language of the law’ by Ur. banA. Lavery. The author, while pointing out the defects in the writing of lawyers, says that lawyers write their legal documents using a roundabout way. They never use a straight approach to explain a legal point using minimum number of words. The use of circumlocution confuses the reader, and this leads to misunderstanding. So, circumlo- Cution is one of the chief defects in the writings of lawyers. Annotate the following Like charity, they cover a multitude of sins; and hence find frequent use. The author Urban A, Lavery in his Paper ‘The language Of the law’ explains the reason for the con fusion in under Scanned with anScannetLesson - 2 25 standing the writings of lawyers. The words ‘case’, ‘instance’ or ‘character’ finds frequent use in the writings of the law- yers. He says that, like charity these words cover a multi- tude of sins and so they find frequent use. Hence the rep- etition of these words in the legal documents confuses the reader and so the readers are not able to understand them. tO OK IK ‘Seannad ith Camcanneroo YY OUSITIS, Annotations 3rd lesson Annotate the followingLesson - 3 33 coughed nervously, but soon he understood the stillness of the court and stopped coughing. The author humorously noted that the stillness of the surroundings infected the pris- oner. 2. Annotate the following ‘Here is Justitia, here is policia, here is Militia - a regular boarding school of high-born young ladies’. This is taken from the lesson “In the Court” by Anton Chekov. The court proceedings were witnessed by the po- lice, military people and judges. Among the audience were young ladies who were from the high-born society. This court was regularly visited by the rural board, the liquor board and the military board for the sessional meetings. This cir- cuit court was attended by many people and even with these too many people the court proceedings were dull and mo- notonous. 3: Annotate the following The programme of the day was promptly entered upon, with noticeable haste. The cases came on one after another and ended quickly like a church service without a choir. (June, 2003 & Nov. 2002) These lines are taken from the lesson “In ihe Court” by Anton Chekov. The author explains the court proceedings by telling the fact that the cases are taken one after another ‘Seannadith CamscannertC —— quickly like a chur eMltahy 4 ) gorvice, without any cholt. Ho alyg ircuil court by saying that able to form a complaty ch explains the happenings in this cl the audience sitting thy picture of the cases argu by like a river in flood. ere are Nol ed there. SO, he says that all the cases are all racing Annotate the following 2009 “Bring in the prisoner”. (Juno, 2009) “In the Court” by Anton ordered the court to This is taken from the lesson Chekov. The president of the court bring the prisoner, Nikolay Harlamov. The prisoner was a peasant who was charged with the murder of his wife. Ex- actly at 2 O'clock the presiding judge announced that this case of Nikolay Harlamov would be heard. Annotate the following He was a tall, thick set peasant of about fifty five completely . (May, 2004) Nn Chekov, while describing the court Proceedings of gs of a circuit court in Russi in Ci ' Issia, explains t i a — 7 he hearing of a case oi ‘Inth : Was tall and about fi le court’. The man, Nikolay Harlamov the murder of hi ify-five Year old. He was charged wi for the hearin Swife. The police brought ti ged with 9 of his case, at 2 O'clock on th im to the cour n that day. ‘Seannad th CamscannerLesson - 3 35 Lesson 6. Annotate the following “Are you putting up at Demyanav's, Matvey Petrovitch"? This is taken from the lesson “In the Court” by Anton Chekov. The author described the court proceedings of a circuit court in Russia. The president of the court asked the judge, Matvey Petrovitch whether he was putting up at Demyanav’s. The judge answered that he was putting up at Demyanav's. Annotate the following The charge of murder hung over him. (June, 2002, may 2011) This is taken from the lesson “In the Court” by Anton Chekov. The prisoner Nikolay Harlamov was brought to the court for hearing his case. The author brought out the court proceedings by saying that, though he was charged with murder, nobody pitied him, for his extraordinary fate. Thus the people and the judge took this case as an ordinary one. Annotate the following The dingy windows and walls, the voice of the Secretary, the attitude of the prosecutor were all saturated with official indifference and produced an atmosphere of frigidity. (May, 2007) These line are taken from the lesson “In the Court” by Scanned with anScannet—_—— | English - | 3B Anton Chekov. The author described the ee of the | court officials and explained the court proceedings. The dingy windows and walls, the voice of the coum the attitude of the prosecutor were all full of official area and indifference. The attitude of the official showed that the murderer was the official property. Annotate the following The peasant, reassured, did not understand that a men here were as accustomed to the dramas and tragedies of life and were as blunted by the sight of the them as hospital attendants are at the sight of death and that the whole hor- rorand hopelessness of his position lay just in this mechani- cal indifference. This is taken from the lesson “In the Court” by Anton Chekov. The peasant who was charged with murder did not understand the men in the court. These men, the au- thor said were all accustomed to the happenings in the court. They were all as blunt as the hospital attendants were at the sight of death. He added further that the prisoner's hor- ror and the hopelessness were all in the mechanical indif- ference of the officials. Annotate the following ‘No, sir’, answered the pri " © prisoner, getting up and holding hi gown over his chest. ° ‘arare ‘Seannad ith CamcannerLesson - 3 37 This line is from the lesson “In the Court” by Anton Chekov. The court official produced a peasant in the court and charged him with murder of his wife. The president of the circuit court asked this prisoner whether he killed his wife and whether he wanted to plead guilty. The prisoner said that he did not want to plead guilty. 11. Annotate the following “| was frightened ....... | was afraid | might be judged guilty This is from the lesson “In the Court” by Anton Chekov. The judge asked the prisoner what he was doing during those three days. The prisoner answered that he was fright- ened and so he hid himself wandering in the field for three days. He added also that he had been afraid that he might have been judged guilty. 12. Annotate the following “Prisoner’, said the president, addressing Harlamov, “Can- not you explain to the court where you were during the three days following the murder?” This is from the lesson “In the Court” by Anton Chekov. Here, the author, described a court hearing of the case of the prisoner Nikolay Harlamov. The Prisoner was charged with the murder of his wife. During the interrogation the ‘Seannad ith Camcanner13. 14. 15. her he could explain to the court ent asked him whet days following the murder presid hree what he was doing the t Annotate the following | was wandering about the fields... Neither eating nor drinking (Nov, 2011) rt” by Anton he lesson “In the Cou described a court scene. Nikolay Harlamov, This is taken from t Chekov. In this lesson the author In the hearing of the case of the prisoner, the president of the court asked him w! after the murder. He said that he was wandering about the fields and that he did not eat or drink during those three hat he was doing days. Annotate the following “Why did you hide yourself, if it was not you that committed the murder?” This question was asked by the president of the court to the prisoner Nikolay Harlamoy, in the lesson “In the Court” by Anton Chekov. The prisoner, Nikolay Harlamov was charged with murder of his wife. He was produced before the judge and the judge asked him that if he had not committed the murder why he had hidden himself after the murder. Annotate the following "Next ti lext time | shall probably put up there too. It is really im- ‘Seannad ith CamcannerLesson - 3 39 16. 17. possible to put up at Tipyakov's! There’s noise and uproar all night! Knocking, loughing, children crying ... It's impos- sible!” This is taken from the lesson “In the Court” by Anton Chekov. The president of the court told the judge next to him that he would probably could not put up the noise and uproar all night. He also added that it was really impossible to put up at Tipyakov's. Annotate the following His youthful face expressed nothing but the frigid, immov- able boredom which is commonly seen on the face of school This is taken from the lesson “In the Court” by Anton Chekov. The author described a court scene in this lesson. The assistant prosecutor was handsome and young, and his youthful face expressed nothing. The author added that this man was like a school boy who was bored with the school. He never expressed any excitement in his speech. Thus the court proceedings were dull and nobody in the court took interest in the proceedings of the court. Annotate the following The last to be examined was the district doctor who had Made a post-mortem on the old woman. This is from the lesson “In the Court” by Anton Chekov. ‘Seannad ith Camscanner40 18. 19. in this lesson. The peas- the accused and the charge was e hearing the judge asked the He was the last The author described a court scene ant Nikolay Harlamov was the murder of his wife. Dur court officials to examine th man in this hearing. This doctor made the was murdered three days before. ing thi e district doctor. postmortem on the ‘old woman who Annotate the following Everyone wears 2 short jacket nowadays, why has he had his made long? Why long and not short? This is from the lesson “In the Court’ by Anton Chekovy, The author described the court proceedings of a rural court, In this court proceedings he described the hearing of the case of Nikolay Harlamov. The president of the court examined the district doctor who made the post-mortem on the old woman. The old woman was the wife of the prisoner Nikolay Harmalov. The president of the court took interest in the oe of the doctor and thought why the doctor wore a lon jacket instead of short one. " Annotate the following “Mihaie Viadimirovitch”. sai ing dow pal " Said the assistant prosecutor bent in to th i 1, ° le president's ear, “amazingly slovenly the wa) that Koreisky cond Ir he priso y lucted the investigatio| i : brother was not examined . ‘Seannad ith Camcanner41 Lesson - 3 20. 21. This is from the lesson “In the Court” by Anton Chekov. Here the author narrated a‘court trial of the prisoner Nikolay Harlamov. The prisoner was charged with the murder of his wife. During the hearing the assistant prosecutor whispered to the president's ear and said that Koreisky did not con- duct the investigation properly and he did not examine the prisoner's brother and village elder. So, the president said that the trial was not proper. Annotate the following “Really? You wouldn't guess it from his appearance...” In the narration of the court proceedings of a rural court, the author Anton Chekov described the hearing of the case of Nikolay Harlamov. The assistant prosecutor said to the president that in the audience a wealthy man was sitting and added that man had a property of fifty thousand. The president wondered that he did not guess it from his appearance. Annotate the following The president raised his eyes to the doctor. “So you con- sider that death was instantaneous?” This is from the lesson “In the Court” by Anton Chekov. The author narrated the hearing of the. case of Nikolay Harlamov. The doctor was the last witness of this case. He made the post-mortem on the woman who was murdered. Scanned ith anScannet22. 23. "aman. The president asked the doctor whether the death y, mean ny stantaneous. Annotate the following “Have you any question to ask?" (May, 2008) This is from the lesson “In the Court” by Anton Chekov. The author while describing a court proceeding narrated the case of Nikolay Harlamov. He was charged with the murder of his wife. During the hearing the doctor who made the post-mortem on the woman was examined. After the examination, the president asked the defense lawyer whether he had any question to ask the doctor. Annotate the following “Tell me, doctor, can you from the dimensions .... as to the mental condition of the of the wound form any theory as to ... criminal?” This is taken from the lesson “In the Court” by Anton Chekov. The author narrated the court proceedings ofa rural court and the case was the murder of a woman by her husband Nikolay Harlamov. The last witness of this hear- ing of this case was the doctor who made the post-mortem on the woman. The defense lawyer asked the doctor whether he could tell the mental condition of the murderer from the dimensions of the wound. ‘Scanned ith CamcannerLesson - 3 43 { 24. Annotate the following “Three days before my old woman's death Penkov bled his horse”. This is from the lesson “In the Court” by Anton Chekov. In his narration of the proceedings of the rural court the author narrated the hearing of the case of Nikolay Harlamov. He was charged with the murder of his wife. In the exami- nation-of the material evidence, the prosecutor questioned him about the blood stain in his coat. He explained that the blood stain was due to the bleeding of his horse three days before the murder. He was present when Penkov, the man who bled his horse and so the stain was due to the bleeding of his horse. Annotate the following And your neighbor Ivan Timofeyitch, with whom you mended a sledge, has given evidence that it is your axe. “I can’t say that, but | swear before God ....” This is from the lesson “In the Court” by Anton Chekov. The author narrated a court scene in this piece of writing, and he described the case of Nikolay Harlamov. The case of the murder of his wife. During the material evidence of this case the prisoner declared that the axe used for killing the woman was not his axe. But the prosecutor questioned that the prisoner neighbor Ivan Timofeyitch said that he had ™mended his axe. The prisoner said that he could not say ‘Seannad ith Camcannera4 a bogie 1 aout that but he & ould swear before Gad that eal amen vary rie his. 26. Annotate the following ' “if you don't believe me, be pleased to ask my son Probar Proshka what did you do wilh the axe ?" 9 Court” by ANION & shekov, ceedings nariated He was Ae This is from the Josson “In th The author while presenting a court pre the hearing of the case of Nikolay Harlamov. cused of murdering his wifo with his rt, the proseculo Tho prisoner proter 5 AXO During the mate rial evidence in the coul 1, showed the blood stained axe to the prisoner. stad that was not his axe. He said that if the lieve him, he could be pleased to ask hi name. The prisoner turned towards the guare nat he had done with the axe. prosoautar did not bo. on Prohar by {and asked him wl 27. Annotate the following ent! Everyone seemed to winco and It was a painful mom (Nov, 2010) as it were shrink together. This is taken from the lesson “In the Court" by Anton Chekov. The author narrated the hearing of the case of Nikolay Harlamov. He was accused of murdering his wife The material evidences were the last of this hearing. The prosecutor showed the prisoner an axe that was used for the is murder, The prisoner did not accept the axe as his ‘Seannad th CamscannerLesson -3 45 28. 29. Then he asked the soldier who was standing as a guard in the court what he had done with the axe. The audience in the court felt a painful moment and all of them winced be- cause of this pain. Annotate the following “prisoner, conversation with the guards is forbidden ....... ” the president made haste to say. (Nov., 2000) This is from the lesson “In the Court” by Anton Chekov. The author narrated the hearing of the case of Nikolay Harlamov. He was charged with the murder of his wife. During the material evidence, the prosecutor showed an axe to the prisoner but the prisoner did not accept the axe as his. Then the prisoner turned towards the soldier who was standing there and asked him what he had done with the axe. Now the president said that the prisoner was not allowed to talk with the guards. Annotate the following All raised their head and, trying to look as though nothing had happened, went on with their work. This is from the lesson “In the Court” by Anton Chekov. The author narrated the proceedings of the court and he showed the court scene of a case of Nikolay Harlamov. Harlamov was accused of murdering his wife. During the Scanned with anScanneree | English -! material evidences Harlamov, the prisoner asked the sol- | g in the court as his guard what he had ! ‘ected to that the pris- ident obj Ik to the guards. Then the offi- Finally all the officials and the that they had hung before. The h the work as if nothing had | dier who was standin: done with the axe- The presi oner was not allowed to tal cials changed the guard. ir heads audience raised theii court officials proceeded witl happened. Fok IItions In society. Much of the knowledge gained in the legal relation from the day-to-day experience of the bar 9, the le hould include the experiences of the prac tising lawyers in thoir curriculum. Ath lesson Annotations Annotate the following These changes roflect not moroly growth and development in our law and society, but also, | boliove, a marked change in the nature of the work done by lawyors, or al loast by many lawyers. This is from the lesson “Educating lawyers for a chang- ing world” by Erwin N. Griswold. The author in this paper noted the changes made in the legal education of America. He said that the program of instruction of the law schools had been changed materially today. These changes, he believed that, were reflected in the nature of the work done by lawyers. Annotate the following One cannot become a great scholar by accumulating notes Even more than in the older courses, what must be sought is understanding of process and social and economic forces and factors rather than specific content - although the con- tent can by no means be ignored. ‘Seannadith Camcanner— Enguan 1 ating lawyers for ‘are from the lesson “Educ: The author N. Griswold These lines rs to concentrate more a changing world” by Erwin emphasised the need of the lawye! on the understanding of legal process nomic forces and factors, than the specific content of the at nobody could become dies. He also cautioned th g notes alone and so every. and social and eco. legal stu a great scholar by accumiatin, ntrate on the process and social and eco, body should conce nomic forces and factors for teaching a law course. He e the content of legay also stressed that we should not ignor studies. Annotate the following jools have been trying (0 learn 3. For a generation the law sch how to teach these subjects. This is taken from the lesson “Educating lawyers: fora changing world” by Erwin N. Griswold The author Says that the law schools have been trying to learn how to teach public law, labour law, administrative law, etc. He explains that the law schools have 4 good background for this prob- lem in the method of teaching these subjects. 4. Annotate the following In many ways the newer subjects are more demanding of Law teachers. (Dec, 2001) _ Inhis speech on “Educating lawyers for a changi"9 ‘Scanned ith Camscanner53 ; 1 Erwin N. Griswold makes it clear that the world” the autho! ‘ects taught in the law school demand much effort new subj rs must devote time m the law teachers. The law teache frot 5 to their students in the and energy in teaching new subject: law schools. Annotate the following We must always keep working at the task of improving our teaching job. In his speech on “Educating lawyers for a changing world” the speaker Erwin N. Griswold says that the law schools are lagging in meeting some of the problems in teaching new subjects. He adds that we must always keep working at the task of improving our methodology in teach- ing laws in the law schools. Annotate the following Our knowledge of the facts underlying most problems is sketchy in the extreme or non-existent. (Nov., 2007) This is from the lesson “Educating lawyers for a chang- ing world” the author Erwin N. Griswold says that our knowl- edge of the facts that are underlying most problems of legal relations is incomplete and in some areas the knowledge is nonexistant. ‘Seannadith Camscanner54 Annotate the following Indeed, much of the knowledge to be gained lies in the day. to-day experience of the Bar. (June, 2002) This is taken from the lesson “Educating lawyers for a changing world” by Erwin N. Griswold. The author explains that the knowledge gained in the legal relationship is actu- ally from the day-to-day experience of the lawyers who are practising law. This knowledge must be made use of in teaching these subjects in the law schools. Annotate the following But practising lawyers have their own problem too. They have their living to make. These two lines are taken from the lesson “Educating lawyers for a changing world” by Erwin N. Griswold. The author says that the practising lawyers gain more know edge about legal relations than the law teachers. He ad- vises the practising lawyers to devote time to improve the teaching of these subjects. But he adds that they have ther living to make. They can concentrate only on their clients Annotate the following Within the legal profession, it is, | believe, peculiarly thé opportunity of the law schools to meet this need. This is from the lesson “Educating lawyers for a chang ‘Seannad th CamcannerLesson -4 55 ing world” by Erwin N. Griswold. The author says that the law schools should produce research works on legal rela- tionship. In addition to this they must act as effective teach- ing agencies. The author adds that this is possible within the legal profession and the law schools would meet this need. Annotate the following That is an appropriate question, but | think it can be readily answered. This is from the lesson “Educating lawyers for a chang- ing world” by Erwin N. Griswold. The author informs that law professors have been turning out good books and ar- ticles. He adds further by asking what the need was much more research works when we have already so much. Then he answers that the need of hour is the legal research works of different sorts. Annotate the following We have become accustomed to our scientific schools and our medical schools being great centers of research. In many of these schools, teaching as such has become a secondary activity. (Nov., 2004) This is from the lesson “Educating lawyers for a chang- ing world” by Erwin N. Griswold. The author explains to the readers that we, people are accustomed to the research ‘Seannad vith Camscanner58 16. 17. Engish-! Annotate the following while Hertzian waves were The telephone was in daily use Maxwell's book. (Dec., 2006) sson “Educating lawyers for a changing Id. The author advises that it may not be possible to find final answers to all questions in human relations. But, he adds, the final results are not necessary to progress. He also gives example of the invention of telephone. In the invention of telephone the electromagnetic wave called Hertzian wave js used in the telephone. The properties of the Hertzian waves were not trully understood at that time when nted by Graham Bell. So, it is evident arch work may not be neces- still equations in This is from the le world” by Erwin N. Griswo! the telephone was invet that the final results of the rese: sary for the progress in human relationship. Annotate the following hope that you, and many others, For the sake of all of us, (June, 1999) can goon much farther. This is the concluding line of the article by Erwin N. Griswold in the lesson “Educating lawyers for a changin world”. The author encourages Dean storey of Southwe . em Legal Foundation for more research works on la} na legal relationship. He envisions that Dean Storey san go “ n much farther in the field of law and legal relationship. tok KK fB Scanned with anscannet64 English -! Annotations 5 thlesson } 4. Annotate the following ‘Talking about newspapers " said Mr. Beran, this Most people turn first of all to the police reports. from the lesson [Link] VER- ek. The author talks about news items what I think is These lines are DICT” by Karel Caps in newspapers. [Link], says that most people look for police reports in the newspaper. He sayS further that itis hard to say whether people are keenon reading these news suppressed desire to col crease their knowledge items because ofa mmit crime or for their moral satisfication and to in of law. 2. Annotate the following I know all about it, pecause | used 10 share diggings with a police-news reporter, This is from the lesson “[Link]'S VERDICT" by Karel Capek. [Link] says that he knows that he himself shares diggings with a police-news reporter. This news giver, _ Haviena, fond of drinks and he was a lazy person. The X police-news reporters informed [Link] that this person was a law school drop-out and was fond of giving imagine tive news to the police-news reporters. ‘Seannad th CamscannerLesson - 5 65 3, Annotate the following This loafer was quite well up in criminal or legal matters. (Dec., 2009) This is from the lesson “[Link]'S VERDICT” by Karel Capek. [Link] informs us that the press reporters approach Havlena, a loafer and get imaginary news from him. [Link] knew that Haviena was interested in legal matters and he gave news for cigars and some beer. He would close his eyes and begin to give details of the finest and strongest criminal cases that one could imagine. 4. Annotate the following Then he'd open his eyes as if he had just woken up and f grow! “lend me five crowns”. (Nov., 2008) This is taken from the lesson “[Link]'S VER- DICT’ by Karel Capek. Haviena would open his eyes, as if he had just woken up and demanded five crowns for him from the press reporters. Haviena imagined stories of crimi- nal cases and passed judgments in the name of the Repub- lic. Annotate the following At one sitting he invented twenty-one criminal cases each ‘one better than the one before it. This is from the lesson “[Link]'S VERDICT by Karel Capek. Haviena invented twenty-one criminal cases ‘Seannad ith Camscanner66 . _ ————E : and each case was better than the previcis in one-sitting one, These cases were chief points in the defense and quote the public pt 6 sentence in the Narn, strange and he would mention the, fovecutor’s speech in reply. Then he would pas of the Republic. 6. Annotate the following When the reporters discovered Havle cases he supplied them with were not so hackneyed and duy rts. as those which actually came up before the cou! This is taken from the lesson “[Link]'S VER. porters approached ina and saw that the DICT” by Karel Capek. The news re| Havlena because the news Haviena supplied to therm were strange and interesting and the people actually develope an interest in these police-news. People found these news items were more interesting than those cases that actually came up before the courts. 7. Annotate the following Now one day Havlena thought out a case, which wasn't by far one of his best. This is from the lesson “[Link]’S VERDICT" by to nee raven, who invented Police-news, one day had a tov san sae case was like this An old bachelor Pectable widow, So, he got a parrot ili ‘Seannad ith Camscanner| u esson 6 aed trained it to say insulting words whenever the lady ap- peared on her balcony. This lady brought an action against him for defamation of character. The court sentenced him for fourteen days imprisonment and costs, 8. Annotate the following “Eleven crowns and a cigar please”, said Haviena as a con- clusion to the proceedings. (May, 2004) This is taken from the lesson “[Link]’S VER- DICT" by Karel Capek. Havlena imagined a case of an old bachelor and a respectable widow. In this case, the old bachelor insulted the lady by training a parrot to cry out abu- sive words against her. Then he demanded eleven crowns and a cigar, the fees for supplying this case to the police- news reporters. » Annotate the following In another Landlord and Poor Widow’. (May, 2008) This is from the lesson, “[Link]'S VERDICT” by Karel Capek. The police-news reporters reported the case Supplied to them by Havlena in their newspaper under dif- ferent captions. In one newspaper the reporter reported it under the caption “Landlord and poor widow’. ‘Seannad ith Camscannero8 11. Annotato the following accordingly ) tho case. "[Link] ange c45' aviena supplied a strange © w, and he also passed a sen- old bachelor. Tho Ministry of Justice district court had doalt with ng VER- This is taken from the jesson, cof DICT" by Karel Capek, H an old bachelor and a wido tence of fourteen days imprisonment to a = The newspapers reported this case under different ings. This news item was brought to the notice of the ‘The Ministry of Justice’. The Ministry of justice desired to know which district court had dealt with the case. Annotate the following ‘Good Lord, Haviena you haven't half landed us in a mess, the reporters protested to their retailer. This is from the lesson “[Link]’S VERDICT” by Karel Capek. The news reporters protested to Haviena and asked him that he had landed them in a trouble. The Minis- try of Justice asked them to inform it, the district court that had dealt with this case. But the newspaper reporters did not inform Havlena that the Ministry of Justice had asked the reporters about this case and that it was the routine work of the ministry of justice. ‘Scanned ith CamscannerLesson - 5 12. 13. 69 Annotate the following ‘Look here, that sentence you pass legal. sed in the parrot case is (June, 2009) This ts from the lesson, "MR HAVLENA'S VERDICT” by Karel Capek. The Newspaper reporters informed Haviena that the sentence he passed in the parrot case was illegal. The pressmen informed Haviena that the ministry of justice enquired his case and asked them which district court passed the sentence. Annotate the following Holy Moses, the Ministry of Justice has got the check to tell me that. (Dec., 2001 & Now. 2005) This is from the lesson “MR HAVLENA'S VERDICT” by Karel Capek. Haviena got angry when the newspaper re- Porters told him that his verdict was illegal. He asked them how insulting the ministry of Justice was to him He was much offended by the remarks of the Ministry of Justice Annotate the following J will show them whether my Verdict is legal or not. Lam not going to take this lying down. (June, 2002) This is from the lesson “[Link]'S VERDICT by Capek. Haviena, the man who gave imaginary crimi- to the news reporters passed judgments to the ‘Seannad ith Camscanner70 15, 16. english =| cases, | Seles whens cas nese ome in In one such imag! nelor Who : a . against an old P® ity of trained his parrot to say abusive words. TH? ™ ‘lustice told the reporters that the sentence Passed by Havlena in this parrot case was illegal. 5% Haviena got angry and shouted that he would show the ministry of Jus. | tice who he was and whether his verdict was illegal OF not, Havlena Passed sentence Annotate the following /am not going to give any more judgments. | must get satisfaction first. (Nov. 2002) This is from the lesson “[Link]’S VERDICT” by Karel Capek. Havlena, the person who supplied false sto- ries of criminal cases to Police-news reporters, once he sup- plied an imaginery case of an old bachelor and his parrot. In this parrot case, Haviena Passed the sentence of four- teen days imprisonment to the old bachelor. The reporters reported this case in their newspapers. The ministry of Jus- tice got the news item. The reporters informed this to Havlena. Havlena got angry and shouted that he was not going to give any more judgments and he had to get satis- faction first. Annotate the following You see, | bought a parrot and taught it to say, “You slut!” “You wicked old geezer!”. ‘Seannad ith CamScanner71 MRHAVLENA'S VERDICT by Karel Capek. Havlena was the supplier of false stories of criminal cases and judgments tothe newspapers. In one of such false news items, Havlena supplied the case of parrot to the press reporters. The min- istry of Justice made an enquiry about this parrot case, and said the sentence passed by Havlena was illegal. Havlena was angry and to prove his case he bought a parrot and trained it to tell ‘You slut!’ ‘You wicked old geezer!’ 47, Annotate the following Itell you, it is easy enough to think out an offense like that, but holy Moses, when it comes to committing it, that's a very different thing. This is from the lesson “[Link]'S VERDICT” by Karel Capek. Havlena was the supplier of false news items to the press reporters. The press reporters met him regu- larly and he supplied news to them. Havlena wanted to \ prove the judgment passed by him in the “Parrot case” in | the court. So, he bought a parrot and trained it to suit the situation in his case. He met the press reporters and told them it was easy enough to think out an offense butit was a different thing to commit it. ‘Seannad ith Camscanner72 _ 18. Annotate the following pilin’ In court he was quite the little gentleman. he nad? © aot speech against himself. (June 2008" cp HAVLENAS yerdie! hy in te peat This is from the lesson “MR Karel Capek. Hi case. He was drunk made nt to the cou g quile the aviena was broud! unt he but in the 61 a biting speed agi parrot cast rot little gentleman. He He made this speech the press reporters. to prove his supplied to Annotate the following d his beard decent ol hear the parrot. AVLENA'S VERDICT" by d to the court in the The 19. id fellow stroke The magistrate, quite a (Nov. 2002) and said that he would like t0 m the lesson “MR.H summone' old lady with his parrot. and the insult was This is fro Karel Capek. Haviena was parrot case of offending an prosecutor decided that it was an offence graceful. But the magistrate who was a decent old fel- wanted to hear the parrot of Havlena. the following looked at him and yelled You slut!. ‘is from the : oe [Link]'S VERDICT" by a ee to bring his parrot to the . rought the parrot and it shouted ‘Seannadith Camscanner21. son- 5 73 at the lady clerk that she was a slut. The prosecutrix re- fused to accept that the parrot actually insulted the old lady in this ‘parrot case’. But suddenly the parrot looked at the magistrate and shouted that he was a slut. So, the magis- trate decided that the parrot did not shout at the old lady it it shouted at whoever came near to it. Hence he t him. alone bu' acquitted Havlena of the charges made agains' Annotate the following “That's a moot point’, said his worship. (Nov. 2003 & Dec. 2006, Nov., “[Link]'S VERDICT” by .d to bring his parrot to his parrot in a 2010) This is from the lesson Karel Capek. Havlena was summonet le appeared in the court with erson whenever he opened ded that the parrot shouted nce he the court. Hi parrot shouted at the p rate deci | the persons it saw and he! ge by Havlena cage. The the cage. So the magist! the abusive words at all acquitted Havlena. But the opening of the cat was a moot point and it was not an unlawful intent. Annotate the following of appeal against the acquittal......- . “and | beg to give notice (May, 2000) [Link]'S VERDICT’ by tted in the ‘parrot case’. nted conviction in .s from the lesson “Ml as acquil tal and he wa’ This i Karel Capek. Havliena wi He did not expect the acquil ‘Seannad ith Camscanner74 23. 25. - A notice this case. So, he begged the court to give against the acquittal. Annotate the following “Do you call that justice?” he would scream” 7 DICT” by This is from the lesson “*[Link] arrot Cae’, Karel Capek. Havlena was acquitted L decided tO ap- but he did not accept this acquittal. so he at the press peal against this verdict. He would eet that justice. reporters and asked them whether they calle Annotate the following _ ife bringin even if | have to spend the rest of my life ging justice. actions, | am not fighting for my cause, but for ju (Nov. 2004) This is from the lesson “[Link]'S VERDICT" by Karel Capek. Havlena was acquitted in the ‘parrot case’. But he wanted to appeal against this acquittal. So, he told the person who met him that even if he had to spend the rest of his life bringing actions. He added that he was not fighting for his cause but for justice. Annotate the following out Mr Haviena has, once and for all, stopped supplying police Nnews-reporters such Cases. Scanned with anSeanner75 This is from the lesson “[Link]'S VERDICT’ by were! capek. Havlena was acquitted in the ‘parrot case’. vis appeal against this acquittal was dismissed. Havlena yas angry with the judicial system immediately after his appeal was dismissed. So, he stopped supplying police- news reporters such false cases. KKK K IK ‘Seannad ith CamcannerAnnotations 6 th lesson 1. Annotate the following (Nov., 2003) Many lawyers fail to attain full growth. inctions of the law. “The five ful e author speaks about the yer” by Arthur T. Vanderbilt. Th five functions of the lawyer and many lawyers do not fulfil their duties. Hence many lawyers fail to attain full growth, They are not doing what they are expected to do in the legal This is from the lesson profession. 2. Annotate the following Effective counseling necessarily involves a thorough-giving knowledge of the principles of law as they appear in the books and as they actually operate in action. This is taken from the lesson “The five functions of the lawyer” by Arthur T. Vanderbilt. The author says that a truly great lawyer is a wise counselor. The lawyer should be @" Scanned with anScanner81 ¢ Counseliny ' éling ne ives 2 thorough-giving knowledge of boven ine cu t inci they appear in the books and as they actual iples of law “aly Operate in ction. Moe counsel ao annotate the following Most difficult of all, truly great counseling calls for an abil ability to forecast the trends of the law. (N lov., 2007) This is from the lesson, “The five functions of the | yer’ by Arthur T. Vanderbilt. The author says that the we function of the lawyer is counseling. The lawyer should ad- vise the public about the principles of law. The most difficult part of counseling is to advise the public about the opera- tion of law and he has to forecast the direction of the opera- tion of the law in the court. Annotate the following This is what Mr Justice Holmes had in mind when he said, “prophecies of what the courts will do in fact, and nothing more pretentious, are what | mean by the law’. This is taken from the lesson “The five functions of the lawyer” by Arthur T. Vanderbilt. One of the five functions of the lawyer was counseling. Lawyers should advise the pub- lic about what the law will be at the time the problem under discussion comes to court for adjudication. Mr Justice ‘Seannadth Camscannera2 : oes ould sourts W' Holmes said that the forecast about what the 6o¥ do was what he moant by law. Annotate the following to js called on Advocacy is tho most intensive work a lawyer (Nov., 2008) do. “tho five functions of tho law- that law- yor" by Arthur T, Vandorbilt, The important work naw yers should do is advocacy. He adds that he did “ lowe the art of advocacy until he was fifty yoars old. A? must study and master the art of advocacy. This is from the lesson Annotate the following Advocacy is not a gift of the gods. (May, 2000) This is from the lesson, “The five functions of the law- yer” by Arthur T. Vanderbilt. The author says that the lawyer should do advocacy and should be a wise counselor. Advo- cacy involves several distinct arts each of which must be studied and mastered. It can be mastered and it is not a gift of the gods. Annotate the following itis in the courtroom that the law is applied to concrete facts i PP in specific cases, and itis the advocates who with the judges, in the last analysis set the Course of the law. This is tal ken from the lesson “The five functions Of the Ai Scanned with ansSeanner6 yn oss? ayer by Arthur T: Vanderbilt. The author says that itis in 83 ne ourtroom that the law is applied to Specific cases, The lawyer and the judges set the course of the law. So the rawyers should have an experience as an advocate before giving advise to the public. Annotate the following Every man owes some of his time to the up building of the profession to which he belongs. (Dec., 2001, Nov., 2002 & June, 2009) This is from the lesson, “The five functions of the law- yer” by Arthur T. Vanderbilt. The author quotes president Theodore Roosevelt for improving the profession of the law- yer. President Roosevelt remarked that every man owed some of his time to the upbuilding of the profession to which he belonged. So, the lawyers should devote some of their own time for improving their profession. Thus president Roosevelt distinguished a profession from a business. Annotate the following In our complicated age sound public opinion is more indis- pensable than it ever was. (Nov., 2002) This is from the lesson “The five functions of the law- yer" by Arthur T. Vanderbilt. The author says that every lawyer ina free society has a fourth responsibility. He should act as an intelligent and unselfish leader of public opinion. ‘Seannad ith Camscanner11. 12. nour compiles a4 an it was ever befor re pat Hi ‘or adds tial the The autly opinion is more ossen p raurol froquenly turn no followin crown 0 (Doc., 2009) Annotate ¢ it should have poon 4a of thorns ? 10. wha out to be one from tho 108807 5 of the lay, phe five function indorbilt. The author expl says that the lawyer must b e He ffice. He adds that the legal pro O- n of laurel but not , ains the fifth This Is yr by Arthur T. Ve f the lawyer ic of Id be a crow! ye function ared lo seek publ prep yer shoul fession of a law) thorn in his career. Annotate the following nture to say st not engage in that debal re no! 1 mu: te, but | do ve that the law schools generally a doing what they Shouly g to prepare their stude! These lines are take from the lesso! of the lawyer” by Arthur T. vanderbilt. about the five functions of the lawyer. schools generally are not doing what the! to prepare their students for improving his courts, and the law. be doin, nts n “The five functions The author speaks He adds that the law y should be doing profession, the Annotate the following Ifl had my way, | would make it prescribed reading once @ year for every judge. ‘Seannad ith Camcannerat 7. Vanderbill. In this context the author says yor gpecch made by Dean Pound at the American Bar qvoul ” on in 1906. He also wants to prescribe the intro- va jo a this speech by Dean Wigmore. He asks the judges duct | this introduction once a year. 10 1 notate the following 13. mr conference is an institution that is probably us derstood than anything else in our procedural law. nis ul (Dec., 2006) This is from the lesson “The five functions: of the law- er’ bY Arthur T. Vanderbilt. The author says pathetically the pre-trial conference organized by a judge before the trail is misunderstood in the procedural law that deals with the regulation of legal activities. He also adds that jaw's delay can be minimised by convening the pre-trial con- ference. 14. Annotate the following +] will take the matter under advisement”. (June, 2005) This is from the lesson “The five functions of the law- yer" by Arthur T. Vanderbilt. In explaining the laws delay in giving final judgment, the author says that the delay is due k to the delay in understanding the case by judges. After a long trial a judge may say that he wants to have careful ‘Seannad ith Camscannereration of this case. So, h ke unde’ 15. 16. consid advisement and this will cai ing the judgment. use a further delay in pronounc- Annotate the following If the judge does not decide the c@: after oral argument he must indicate the reason on his weekly (June, 2006) se within twenty days report. a “The five functions of the law- This is from the lesso’ me ways to yer” by Arthur T. Vanderbilt. The author gives So! avoid the delays in giving the final judgment. If there is 2 delay in finalising the case twenty days after the oral argu- must indicate the reason for the delay on his weekly ment he defendant under- report. This will make the plaintiff and the stand the delay. Annotate the following Next to the law's delays, nothing irritates the public as much as decisions based on technicalities of procedure and plead- ing. a (Nov., 2004, May 2011) enue veo “The five functions of the lav” ee a i ee The author explains how wé adits @ case. The most irritating irs tet tae can 6 Procedure and pleading. Thé Procedure in the court rather i by making rules ¢ ‘llowing a legislative code ‘Scanned ith Camscanner 1Lesson - 6 87 47. Annotate the following 18. If there are judicial rules of procedure instead of a code, they are‘not only likely to be better designed for litigation. (June, 2001) This is taken from the lesson, “The five functions of the lawyer” by Arthur T. Vanderbilt. The author recommends some procedures to prevent delays in giving judgment. He recommends that the rules of procedure suitable to the liti- gation should be designed to avoid delays in. judgment. These rules should always contain a provision that these rules are for the advancement of justice and the prevention of delays. They also should contain a provision that if it would work injustice it may be waived. Annotate the following Law is a business to which my life is devoted. This is. from the lesson, “The five functions of the law- yer” by Arthur T. Vanderbilt. The author concludes his pa- per by saying that he wants to devote his life to improve the legal profession. He adds that ifhe does not do what in him lies to improve it that he does not actually doing service to this profession. Scanned with anSeannet_ ———— Annotations 1. Annotate the following The need for comparing laws, practised only occasionally until then and without meriting a special name, slowly be- came more and more apparent. This is from the lesson a “Comparative Law" by Rene David and John E.C. Brierley. The authors explain the his- tory of comparative law and inform us that the need for com. paring laws of different nations did not arise till the end of 49th century. Until the beginning of the 20 century there was no such expression as “Comparative law’ in legal stud- ies. Annotate the following The success of comparati jurists, after a period of natio! characteristic of all sciences, which legal science ve law is explained by the need of nlism, to return to that univer- salism, | had enjoyed in the past. This is from the lesson “Comparative Law” by Rene David and John E.C. Brierley. The authors say that tne success of comparative law takes law to the level of all sc ences. All sciences are universal in character. The jurists felt the need of comparative law only after a period of n& Sooaent: The authors add that legal science had enjoy universalism before the period of nationalism. ‘Scanned ith Camscanner- ———— 1. Annotations , 7th lesson Annotate the following The need for comparing laws, practised only occasionally until then and without meriting a special name, slowly be- came more and more apparent. This is from the lesson 7 “Comparative Law” by Rene David and John E.C. Brierley. The authors explain the his- tory of comparative law and inform us that the need for com. paring laws of different nations did not arise till the end of 49th century. Until the beginning of the 20 century there was no such expression as ‘Comparative law’ in legal stud- ies. Annotate the following The success of comparati jurists, after a period of natio! characteristic of all sciences, which legal science ve law is explained by the need of nism, to return to that univer- salism, had enjoyed in the past. This is from the lesson “Comparative Law” by Rene David and John E.C. Brierley. The authors say that the success of comparative law takes law to the level of all sc- ences. All sciences are universal in character. The juriss felt the need of comparative law only after a period of n& tionalism. The authors add that legal science had enjoye universalism before the period of nationalism. ‘Seannad ith Camscanner