i) Designation: D 1056 ~ 98 Standard Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—Sponge or Expanded Rubber* “This standard is sued under the xed designation D 1056; the number immediatly following the designation indicates he year of ‘Tipmal adoption on te ease of vison, the yer of ast ein. "yur in porntheses insist yea of ast reapproval. A “femerpt ep (indicates an editorial change since the last revision or appr “This standard has bee apron or we by agencies ofthe Department of Defense to replace Methods 12001, 12008, 12011, 12021, Toasts 12041, 12151, and 12417 of Federal Tet Method Staard No. 61, 1. Scope* ILL This specification covers flexible cellular rubber prod- ucts known us sponge rubber and expanded rubber, but does rot apply to latex foam rubber or ebonite cellular rubber. ‘The base material for an open/closed cellular product may he made of synthetic, natural, or reclaimed rubber, or a ixture, and may contain other polymers or chemicals, or oth, which may be modified by organic or inorganic additives. These clastomeric materials have properties sim- ilar to those of vulcanized rubber, namely (1) the ability to be ‘converted from a thermoplastic to a thermosetting state by ‘crosslinking (vulcanization) or (2) the substantial recovery of their original shapes when strained or elongated, or both. 1.2 Extruded or molded shapes of sizes too small for cutting standard test specimens are difficult to classify or test by these methods and will usually require special testing procedures. 1.3 In case of conflict between the provisions of this general specification and those of detailed specifications or test methods for a particular product, the latter shall take precedence. Reference to the test methods in this specifica tion should specifically state the particular test or tests desired. 14 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to he test methods portions of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, ‘associated with its use. It és the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limi- tations prior to use. Nore 1180 6916-1 is similar to this specification. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: D395 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression ‘Set "This speciation is under the jersdicion of ASTM Commitee D-20 on insca and is tbe dict responsibilty af Subcommitee D2022 on Pit (Cele Matias ‘Caen ction approved May 10 and Jone 10, 1997 and April 1, 1998. push May 1998 Ongallypubhed as D 108649. Last previous edition D036 ~91. 1 dnl Book of ASTM Standards, Vo 0801 D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids? D573 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air Oven? D575 Test Methods ‘Compression? 1D 832 Practice for Rubber Conditioning for Low-Temper- ature Testing? DII7I Test Method for Rubber Deterioration—Surface Ozone Cracking Outdoors or Chamber (Triangular Specimens)? 13182 Practice for Rubber—Materials, Equipment, and Procedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Pre paring Standard Vulcanized Sheets? 13183 Practice for Rubber—Preparation of Pieces for ‘Test Purposes from Products 2.2 ISO Standard* 180 6916-1 Flexible Cellular Polymeric Materials; Sponge ‘and Expanded Cellular Rubber Products—Specification Part | Sheet for Rubber Properties in 3. Terminology 3.1. Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 3.1.1 cellular material—a generic term for materials com taining many cells (ether open or closed, or both) dispersed throughout the mass. 3.1.2 closed cell—a product whose cells are totally en: closed by its walls and hence not interconnecting with other cals, 3.1.3 expanded rubber—cellular rubber having closed ceils made from a solid rubber compound. 3.1.4 flexible cellular material—a flexible cellular ongani¢ polymeric material that will not rupture within 60 s when Specimen 200 by 25 by 25 mm (8 by I by 1 in.) is bent around a 25-mm (I-in.) diameter mandrel at a uniform rate fof 1 lap/5 s in the form of a helix at a temperature between 18 and 29°C (65 and 85°F). 3.1.5 open cell—a product whose cells are not totals ‘enclosed by its walls and open to the surface, either directs or by interconnecting with other cells. 3.1.6 rubber—a material that is capable of recoverint from large deformations quickly and forcibly, and can be, of already is, modified to a state in which it is essentialls insoluble (but can swell) in boiling solvent (such as benzen®- > aval from American National Standards Ini, 11 W, 42nd St. 13% Floor, Net York, NY 10036, + A Summary of Changes section appears atthe end ofthis specification, 236ih D 1056 1965 1967T 1968 8 i9as 19911996 TypeR ‘TypeR (tats A Non Oi ‘Now-Oi esttance General Porpose Resistant G Rea meat neat Rea REAL pal 2AL TAL R Reo nea Ree Rea REG. war tAD DAD A REG REG RES Rea RES. wo ASAT D Ree Rea REA Re REM aAt 2M DAE E Ress RAS RESS REIS RAS As 2A AS atteypesand dae ted se RE ‘Types, Cass Cats B OW Resistant Oi Ressant=Low Mass Change Low Mase Change G seen sues ssea@ —NeTypeS am BIBL R snea sue sBpag —NoCasssh aor 2e 2B A SBES SBE SBRG@ — Use Solis E2 aes Bs RS D spree sbEs4 SDEA4@ —_Densies under 3m ame E. sprss surds SBEAS@ «160 Kym? 100% Alowed 28S 3S 28S conse “Type, Cass SC (Clas CO: Resist Medium Mass Change Medium Mass Chante ‘SCE SCEN@ —-NoTypeS ach ack 2. sce SCeM@ —_NeCasSC sa SCE SCEA@ —-Use Sufix EI 1a 1082 CEH SCRM@ Densities under nce 2ch C4 SCEAS SCEAS@ 160K ym! 250% Alomed 205 2082S const) KCompraieaSe Satis Satie Suttz Sis Suc Rat Suis Sethe Sts Joniya sume ow: Rome Raut. Ram R2addedRT Ram Rat. Ram Requirement At SumeasOWl Listed Listed Listed ted “= BBB [sux 25% Ma. ‘Shows say rvolmmersion Sufix —Sulfe Basie Rarmt_Suffx Requirement onto JoeicRamt or Sufix Rymt.—«Rgmt_—«-RCantbe for ES and ED astm ment ASNoted — TypeR Type 100% fons £2 canbe Can No sce orS8E ze 15% calles called 2st see SBE SCE _ ASCE compression tection «Range Changod trom 24 to 25 Max ‘ano Rtowenge fr denstes under 160 Kg? (10 bs?) emporay Examples of Spetcation Conversion (ASTM D 1088-68 ‘ASTID 1086-73 |ASTM.0 1056-77 "AST 1056-85 REA BF REATOF REA BaF 2a sae «SBF? Re «3 BCERF2 READ BICIERF? ‘ence sce REQEt Reazes m2 se0120Ft ‘300 128F1 S80 128181 e260 sco13cF2 scorer sco1scare soscare Noted FIG. 1. Specification D 1056 Equivalency Cross-Reference Chart for Yer@) D 1056 methyl ethyl ketone, and ethanol-toluene azeotrope). 3.1.6.1 Discussion—A rubber in its modified state, free of diluents, retracts within 1 min to less than 1.5 times its Original length after being stretched at room temperature (20 to 27°C) to twice its length and held for 1 min before release. 3.1.7 sbin—the textured outer surface on the material formic) ivrng, manufacture by contact with molds, cover plate, air, or other curing medium, 3.1.7.1 Discussion—Normally, this skin is formed by coniaet with the mold or cover plates during manufacture, ‘Molded open-cell (sponge) parts usually have a skin on all surfaces, except when cut to length from longer strips. Parts made by cutting from open-cell (sponge) sheets usually have skin on two faces and open cells at the cut edges. Closed-cell (expanded) rubber sheets are frequently split from thicker pieces and consequently do not have the skin faces. On some products it is desirable to add a solid rubber skin coating. The use to which the cellular rubber product is to be put determines the thickness of added skin required. Products Subject to abrasion or open-cell (sponge) rubber that must ‘withstand absorption of water or transmission of gases will ‘ordinarily require an applied skin coating. Closed-cell (ex- panded) rubber does not usually require an added skin for these reasons. "3.1.8. sponge rubber—cellular rubber consisting predomi- nanily of open cells made from a solid rubber compound. 4. Classification (Types, Classes, Grades, and Suffix Let- ters) 4,1 Types—These specifications cover two types of cel- lular rubber designated by the prefix numbers | and 2. 4.1.1 Type 1—Open-cell rubber. 4.1.2 Type 2—Closed-cell rubber. 42 Classes—Both types are divided into four classes designated by the letters A, B, C, and D added to the number prefix. 4.2.1 Class A—Cellular rubber made from synthetic rubber, natural rubber, reclaimed rubber, or_rubber-like ‘materials, alone or in combination, where specific resistance to the action of petroleum base oils is not required. 4.22 Class B—Cellular rubber made from synthetic rubber or rubber-like materials alone or in combination, ‘having specific requirements for oil resistance with low mass change. 4.23 Class C—Cellular rubber made from synthetic rubber or rubber-ike materials alone or in combination, having specific requirements for oil resistance with medium ‘mass change. 424 Class D—Cellular rubber_made from synthetic rubber or rubber-like materials alone or in combination having specific requirements for extreme temperature resis- tance (~75 to 175°C) (~103 to 347°F); but specifi resistance to the action of petroleum-base oils is not required. 4.3 Grades—Each type and class has been divided into a ‘number of different grades. Each grade is based on a specific range of firmness as expressed by compression-deflection (Gee Sections 18 to 21). Grades are designated by digit, the sofier grades being identified with the lower numbers and the higher grades being identified with the higher numbers. 43.1 Grade O—For Types 1 and 2 cellular rubber, compression-deflection range from 0 to 15 kPa (0 to 2 psi). 43.2 Grade 1—For Types 1 and 2 cellular rubber, ccompression-deflection range from 15 to 35 kPa (2 t0 5 pi, 43.3 Grade 2—For Types | and 2 cellular rubber, ‘compression- and Fig. 1, together with any additional requirements indicated by suffix letters in the grade designations # described in Section 4 and Table 3. 7. Tolerances on Dimensions 7.1, Tolerances on dimensions of celular rubber produ shall be as specified in Table 4. 8. Color 8.1 Unless otherwise specified, the color of cellular rubbe* shall be black, 9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance 9.1 Cellular rubber furnished under this specification shal ‘be manufactured from synthetic rubber, natural rubber, rubberlike materials together with added compoundits ingredients of such nature and quality that the finished product complies with the specification requirements." ‘permitting choice in use of those materials by the product Fis not intended to imply that the different rubber mater fre equivalent in respect to all physical properties. AY: Special characteristics other than those preseribed in th ne4) 1056 ‘TABLE 1 Physical Requirements of Cellular Rubbers, Type 1, Open-Cell Sponge Basie Ragurerents ‘Campression Detecton ater Teint am ma weeue 7 cannes esainoteanas Onegeren” gustmnancses “hemes nem (mts) KPa) —EsoeG genet OS No-SUIRM 805)(Limts).% Zep at7O%S hat 10S ssc (-arer) SE mara a ee = z geese, = i Sa SiR axnteeramareee Ging’, = mee 8 mm . appease Fed : @ eee, 868 a Ss pease, = iB a Saaeaneemee = ame m Bebe 7 a wm BegeeD z = 2 “tis grace afer agg al fas within he corprossin-doocton recirement of <¥5 KPa (2p, sha be conecered acceptable even tough te change For the gals roster tan 220%. eclogy was Gunged 11997 trom low ewel 0 lw mats chango to beter rfect the deta obtared specification that may be desired for specific applications stall be specified in the product specifications, as they may in ace the choice of the type of rubber material or other i. ents used. All materials and workmanship shall be in anvordance with good commercial practice, and the resulting aaluar rubber shall be fee from defets affecting service ability, 10, Test Methods 10. Unless specifically stated otherwise, all tests shall be ‘made in accordance with the methods specified in Sections 13 through 67 and Table 3. 1. Inspection and Rejection 11.1 All tests and inspection shall be made at the place of| ‘anufacture prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified. ‘The manufacturer shall afford the inspector all reasonable fcltes for tests and inspection. 11.2 ‘The purchaser may make the tests and inspection to fier acceptance or rejection of the material at his own lkboratory or elsewhere. Such tests and inspection shall be ‘ade not later than 15 days aftr receipt of the material. 113 All samples for testing, provided as specified in tion 14, shall be visually inspected to determine comp 8 withthe materi, workmanship, and color require: ts, 239 11.4 Any material that fails in one or more of the test requirements may be retested. For this purpose, two addi- tional tests shall be made for the requirement in which failure occurred. Failure of either of the retests shall be cause for final rejection. 11,5 Rejected material shall be disposed of as directed by the manufacturer. 12, Packaging and Package Marking 12.1. The material shall be properly and adequately pact aged. Each package or container shall be legibly marked with the name of the material, name or trademark of the ‘manufacturer, and any required purchaser's designations. GENERAL TEST METHODS 13. Scope 13.1. Except as otherwise specified in these test methods, the following ASTM test methods and the various test methods in Table 3, applicable in general to vulcanized rubber, shall be complied with as required and are hereby made a part of these test methods: 13.1.1 General Physical Test Requirements—Practices 1D 3182 and D 3183. 13.1.2 Aging Test—Test Method D 573, with modifica tions as described in Sections 16 through 22.4h D 1056 TABLE 1 (Continued) Feguomoris Added by Sfx Lars me BI F Conerestion Defector, Cares TowcTenperre Fie «| ——— once name Swann, Mmpmaion Deen Gonpeasen St s0% Fi 7 a ‘ers ‘rem ongeay fom at Dees mm 22h ——T Thar sega) ‘ nwreiiorn secre recor | ate Gist A Revert Aber va Tse tan 15 2) Pass ras iat 15195 2105) pass pass tae Swsewa fee pass 3 0900019 fas pase tae 8010 120013161 pass bas re 12010 701171023) pass pass Do tes ‘Gas BOF RG, Low as GO a 8 iso ies an 15) ms 65 181 pe em9 m9 2 808609 ms_ 1201 23 1990181019 ist S10 12013 6 1) 185, 12010 170(17 25) as 0 tess sn 5 San a as Gare? a @ Tes Pan 15) 2 = mss ier 1036.2 005) 2 pass Boo ice 05609) Fa ass ies 120 1s 519001019 2 ass ier Soto 1201910 17) 2 pes ies 12040 170117 1028) 25 pass 0 toss Tata = io Tess an 15) oa se i ior “8 1035/2105 2 pass met toe Soe sna 2 pe pass ms_1201 ia 0208 19 28 ase pase tbe 90 120,13 0 17) 25 pass pase 10s 12016 170(17 28) 2 bass : pass mts 7s gado at oa it aw ho conpressor detector eqirenan IS Pa @ al Heal contend eepabe ewe Baughecurgeronte | 2! 1st xg grater nan 220% = ef * Tem was change lh 107 fom lw swale low mas change to eter ee theca eta mS 2s 120% 131.3 Compression Set, Sufix B—Test method described varying thickness, and these factors affect the physical | This st in ‘ions 49 through 55. properties of the specimens. Also, the apparent density is | mse: Ober +14 Fluid Immersion, Sufix E—Test Method D471 affected by the number of cut surfaces as opposed to the | jyoe.ee and Sections 23 through 33, ‘number of skin-covered surfaces on the test specimen. Standard 13.1.5 Low-Temperature Test, Suffixes Fl, F2, and F3— 14.3 When the finished product does not lend itseif 0 | timation sh ‘Test method described in Sections 36 through 60. Suitable testing orto the taking of test specimens because of compl | ,,Jevabes Tow-temperature cabinets and conditioning procedures are cated shape, small size, metal or fabric inserts, solid covers. | “Yemen described in Practice D 832. adhesion to'metal, or other reasons, standard test slabs shal 13.2 In case of conflict between provisions of the test be prepared. When differences due to the difficulty i | cases i¢ methods referenced in 13.1.1 through 13.1.5 and the proce- obtaining suitable test specimens from the finished part ars, | Syst dures specifically described herein for cellular rubbers, the the manufacturer and the purchaser may agree on acceptable | gin PRY latter shall take precedence. deviations. This can be done by comparing results of } op Gut bec standard test specimens and those obtained on actual parts. they tie t 14. Sampling thickness 14.1 When posible the competed manufactured product 15. Test Speimens and Slabs under the shal be used for the tess speciid. Representative samples 5.1 Tew Specimens—Standard test specimens shal tt | cimens e lected at random a8 gists 28,00 x 0,50 mm (1.10 + 0,02 in.) in diameter, which | ed as indi required. 14.2 When it is necessary or advisable to obtain test specimens from the article, asin those cases where the entire sample is not required or adaptable for testing, the method of cutting and the exact position from which specimens are to be taken shall be specified. The apparent density and the state of cure may vary in different parts of the finished product, especially ifthe article is of complicated shape or of yields 2 645.70-mm? (I-in.2) specimen, The specimens mas | Sompressio ‘be cut with a revolving die* using a soap solution as? | 15.2 Tes lubricant. If a lubricant is used, the specimens shall b | "bber shal thoroughly dried before proceeding with the testing. In som? ] and 12.5 + the density and +4 satisfactory die and its method of aplication ae described in Seton +” I cases the st ‘Tes Methods D575,ysical lay is 9 the aft mpl overs shal ty in arise stable is of parts. all be whic 3may as all be some soo tof ih D 1056 TABLE 2. Physica! Requirements of Cellular Rubbers, Type 2, Closed-Cell Expanded ecuerits Aa by Sia Loos ase Reauronets Compreson Set Under Constant Detocton 0% Oran aged, 7 Dasa ‘70°C (168°F), Coane Absorption, max. Immersion, 7 Days Compression i ‘rom Ong Waly Anson Fa ay een 50% Temperate compression co gy “Gungernegn x tC TEA SECT sump, sutees, Fi enet rte Defcon 20% Yes (th cast “inet “mane 50 Gitar Detection ints) kPa Ae TNS _ eee eee OS BS OES os Tenet zzhat Cansryore DMA Canary owe DEY. oes TSA" BAT Sle Gore, se05C | TeO RAINE TSONSATE AGOKGIN® Giopar (12°F) foe raaee ior) ary rome MOBIC own ORE nena) Ca A, Neen To oss es 15) 0 7 as ia “wasee5 2 sw os Bf 22 3510855109) 0 5 BS we 6019 0 sf no BS we sowii(swl) 280 5} : zs 8 Bs meroires = so 3 38 ‘Gass B, al fit Cow ass args ao Las tan 15 20 30 oo zs BI wseos So : i ed Be mss 608) = s i = Be ome Bo s 1 100 B % Bt Mew 3 5 0 0 BS fee ote sO (792) 390 st 20 Bs Tans 6 Foster Macon Wass Crae™ Ho tom van 52) oa so 0S = ZI 1st 95,2109) = a ee z 8 2 Bio85 (5109) Fe) B80 zs 8 a Swe. 19) 0 a ee) = OS tA mominm 39 $m = 3 Ke imeimires 30 a ee ee) Bo Glas b, HahTerparaie Ressart Bates van 152) Ss eT % ra Bi ‘ewsems 3 5 1 : 0 fe m2 S060) s 5 3 6 pe mi Swweu S 5 : fo fe Be Swiss 17 = 0 Py : ras s_ 12010 170(17 102) is 5 oS Pa cfvcane Grae of No.9 ole te flowing “Tis ote Sections 26 t 6) of wolht change in Reference Fuel Bs used npc of he usual Obesistance tt cea ratras usualy causes os Of gee, by uso tough te sflenes call wats, that res n ome shrine ‘east Of o aoventersion of fexBle fovea change. Reference Foal Bis used "Standard o rest tst methods g ‘onmaton should be obtained by tstngn actual or smustd sence coresons. paaton shou be Coa nd S0' maxmarn Olas 8 apo} to casa matels having dense of mer han 160 kan (10), For car materi vworamraie of 16 kg or ss, he voles of maximum mass change alowed are 250% for Clas C and 100 for Gass. “Temnlogy ws cunges in 1887 om low swell low mass change to beter reflect the daa btane, cases it may be necessary to freeze the cellular rubber to bottom faces of the test slab, Standard test slabs shall be obtain parallel cut edges. Samples shall not be compression prepared either by cutting them from flat sheets of the die cut because this process distorts the sample, which will specified thickness or as described in 15.2.1 or 15.2.2 alfect the final properties. When cut from standard test slabs ‘15.2.1 When specially prepared standard test slabs of they shall be cut from the center area as shown in Fig. 2.The sponge rubber are required, they shall be made using the thickness shall be measured as described in 15.3.2. As stated frame shown in Fig. 3 together with top and bottom plates under the test methods, the minimum thickness of test each approximately 12.50 mm (0.50 in.) in thickness. The ‘specimens is 6.00 mm (0.24 in.), Plied-up samples may be frame and plates shall be made of aluminum or steel. The ‘sed as indicated in the test methods for compression set and stock shall be in sheet form, cut into squares slightly smaller ‘compression deflection (see Note 3 in 19.2). than the frame cavities. The thickness of the square sheets 152 Test Slabs_Standard test slabs ofall types of cellular shall be such as to give the required apparent density when rubber shall be pieces 150 + 5 mm (nominally 6 in.) square the material is blown during cure to il the molding cavities. and 12,5 + 0.5 mm (nominally 0.5 in.) in thickness made The squares of stock shall be dusted with talc and the excess ffom the same compound and having the same apparent brushed off to avoid pitting. They shall then be placed in the density and state of cure as the product they represent, In all frame, and fabric sheeting shall be applied on the top and cases the surface skin shall be left intact on both top and bottom between the frame and the plates to allow venting of 241i) D 1056 7 [J DD 1G. 2 Location rom Which Standard Tost Spocimen ‘Cut When Testing Standard Test Slabs or Commercial Flat Sheet v * L wv wmon |W = Iv ath 12.7 mm (0.50 in.) FIG. 3. FourCavity Frame for Standard Test Slabs of Cellular ‘Rubbers ‘ ‘gases produced during the cure. This fabric shall be a ‘commercial sheeting with a mass of approximately 135 g/m* (4 oz/yd?), having approximately 2.75 ends/mm (70 ends/ in.) and 2.36 picks/mm (60 picks/in.). The specimens shall bbe vulcanized in a platen press under conditions of time and ‘temperature chosen to produce the same state of cure in the standard slabs as in the finished products they represent. 15.2.2 Where specially prepared standard test slabs of expanded rubber are required, they shall be made using the same process that was used for the product to be represented by the test slab. The specimens shall be prepared to have approximately the same density, and shall be vulcanized under conditions of time and temperature chosen to produce the same state of cure in the standard slabs asin the finishes products they represent. 15.3 Measurements of Test Specimens: 15.3.1 The length and width shall be measured to 0.5 mm (0.02 in.), Care shall be taken not to distort the cellule rubber. 15.32 Thicknesses up to and including 25.0 mm (1 in) shall be measured using a dial-type gage’ having a maximum stem and foot mass of 25 g and a foot 30.0 mm (1.25 in) in diameter. Thicknesses over 25 mm shall be measured using: sliding caliper gage or as specified in 15.3.1. When a sliding caliper gage is employed, the gage setting shall be made with the gage out of contact with the cellular rubber. The sample shall be passed through the previously set gage and the proper setting shall be the one in which the measuring faces of the gage contact the surfaces of the article without compressing it. 15.3.3 The steel scale or tape used to measure length or width shall be graduated to 1 mm (0.031 in.). The dial goge for measuring thickness shall be graduated to 0.02 mm (0.001 in.), The calipers used for measuring thickness shall be graduated to 0.1 mm (0.005 in.). 15.34 Results shall be reported as the average of three measurements. If the results vary between the. specimens ‘more than 10 %, two additional specimens should be taken into the average. ACCELERATED AGING TESTS 16, Test Specimen 16.1 The test specimen used in any of the aging tests shall be of the size and shape as specified by the appropriate called-out test method. ‘COMPRESSION- DEFLECTION TESTS 17. Scope 17.1 This test method consists of measuring the force necessary to produce a 25 % deflection on a test specimen. 18. Apparatus 18.1 Any compression machine that meets the followine requirements will be satisfactory. The machine shall be capable of compressing the specimen at a rate of 12.5 10 50 mm/min (0.5 to 2 in,/min) gently without impact. The ‘machine may be motor- or hand-driven. It shall be equipped ‘with a gage to measure the deflection caused by the increase in load. The rate of compression of the specimen is specified rather than the rate of the compressing platform of the ‘machine. This is an important consideration when scales até used, since sponges of various compression-deflection chat acteristics wil require different times to compress 25 % due ‘to the travel of the scale platform under varying loads. 18.2 The deflection shall be read on a dial gage graduated in 0.02 mm (0.001 in.). No gage is necessary if the machi® automatically compresses the specimen 25 %. “Supporting data ae availble fom ASTM Headquarters, Request RF p2o.ise ea Sigeee