worl(b oo k

ENTERPR
SE4

Virginio Evqns
Jenny Dooley

/r-'-\
zb4N
Express
Publishing
Publishedby ExpressPublishing

LibertyHouse,NewGreenhamPark,Newbury,
BerkshireRGl9 6HW
Tel.:(0044)1635817363
Fax (0044)1635817463
e-mail:inquiries@expresspublishing.co.uk
http://www.expresspublishing.co.uk

O VirginiaEvans- JennyDooley,1997

Designand lllustration
O ExpressPublishing,
1997

All rightsreserved.No partol this publicationmay be reproduced,

storedin a retrievalsystemor transmittedin any form,or by any
means,electronic,photocopyingor otheMise,withoutthe prior
writtenDermission of the Publishers.

First published1997
Newedition2001

lsBN 1-84216-823-1

Acknowledgements
Theauthorsand publisherswish to thankthe tollowingwho havekindlygivenpermissionfor the use of
copyrightmaterial.

JaneRitsieforthearticle'Chairman of the Boardat 14'(published in Woman's Own)page4; Bestforlhe article'Antigua'

page15;JaneSaymour fortheadicle 'Deadly Driving'O NEWSCIENTIST page24;NatonaiGeographic 'TheHarm
lot lhe ad:icle
NatureCanDo' page 24;PaolaBuonadonna tor thearticle'MiningTragedyat Marcinelle'(published
in theEuropean) pages24-
25iMickHamerJorthe fromCareless
article'Safe Drivers'ONEWSCIENTIST page25;Focusforthearticle'Lost and
Civilisations
GlobalCatastrophes' page30;Christina GarciaRodero lorthearticle'Faith,FireandFrenzy'(published
intheEufopeanMagazine)
page37iTessaThomasforthearticle'Eat,Drink...andDon'tBeSorry'(published in theFuropear)pages38-39;Focusforthe
articles'TheSearchfortheTruth'page46 and'Stealing GoesUp in theSmoke'page51;PaulGainsforthearticle'TheWillto
Win'(published in theEuropean) page52;Focustor thearticle'FatTyres:Ridingoffwiththeoff-roaders' page55;Natlonal
Geognphic lot theafticle'Recycling'pages58-59;Focus for theartjcle'Stars
on Boardway' page59;Sunday Imes forthearticle
'TheWired-up School'pages64-&; Beslforthearticle'Sharon Stone'page 70;CatherineChetwynd forthearticle'Maladies and
M!'thsof Flying'(published in theEuropean) page76;Focuslor thearticle'The Deep"Sea Divers'page81.

Everyeffodhasbeenmadelo traceall the copyrightholdercbut it anyhavebeeninadvertently the publisherswill be pleased

overlooked,
to makelhe necessary
arrangements
at the lirst opportunity.
.!,..!' ;:'1
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i
Inexercise1 youaregiven a textfromwhichsomesen-
lencesorshonparagraphs havebeentaken out.These.:l
aregivenina jumbled orderandyourtaskis10tindwhich
senlence or shortparagraphfitseachone0f thenum-
beredblanks. Thereis oneextrasentence 0r paragraph
whichyoumuslnotinclude inyouranswers.
Steps
. Read thetextcarefully.. Gothrough themissing
sentences 0rparagraphs andlookfor"key"words,
plonouns:
e.g.demonslratives:this/these, he/they,
possessive adieclives: her/his,linkingwords:
therelore/however,etc.tohelpyoufit themintothe
correct sDacesinthetext.
Look at the title of the text and guess what it is about.
Guesswhetherthe followingstatements aretrueor
falsethen readquicklythroughthe textand see if your
guesseswere correq.
a,! PaulWoodburyworkswith hisfather.
Pauldidn'tlikeboatsin the past.
Paul'sfirstcustomerswerehis schoolmates.
{ Read the article 'bel,rrii,and
ehoose f! o;:r i.he
s.intences (A-H) the one r.r,rrir:lllits ear:h gi-rp
(1-6). There is one errlrar sciilicltice irhicln i',Lr,u
don't have to use.
Whileother boys are playingfootballor computergames,
Paul Woodbury is running his own travel company:
CorringhamFerryTravel.
ffi i_q:i
Paulis only fourteenbut he has the very grown-uptitle ol
ManagingDirector.He and his staffof six otherfourteen-
year-oldsorganisecoach trips, terry crossingsand short
weekendholidaysfrom his "office"- a spare bedroomin
his parentsEssexhome.lm i_--,
So far Paul has booked more than fifty trips for individu-
als and groups, and he is an officialagent of many big
ferrycompanies.At the moment,he is busy organising
Christmasshoppingtrips to Dunkirk,and a trip to France
for sixty pupilsfrom his school.
Paul'spassion for ferriesstartedwhen his mum and dad
took him to Francefor the day. "Whenhe was very small
he was nervousand didn'tlikeboats."savsPaul'smum.
Er--t
4
Surprisingly,Paul becamea ferry enthusiast and started
writingto differentcompanies,askingfor detailsabout
theirships.
Paul soon becamean expert;he knew eveMhing about
eachferry- how big it was, how many passengersit car-
ried and what sort of restaurantit had. m []
"Peoplecould ring me up and, for free, l'd tell them all
about the ship they were travellingon," said Paul.The
servicewas so popular that he developedit by making
people'sferrybookingsas well.
Paul'sfirstcustomerswerehis neighboursandfriendsof
his parents.His reputationhas grownquickly,because
he triesto offera littlebit morethan similarservices.
ffiiHl__;
They are also informedabout all port facilities.Everytrip
is led by two of his staff,and he has just hired three new
qirls to help out. His emploveeshaveto -work - two hours
ifterschool,fourdays *""r,. ffi.ff Instead,
he hopesto join P & O "Ferries,and sailthe Channelreg-
ulady.He has alreadyenteredhis nameon theirwaiting
list for jobs.
ffil&l t-:l ButwhenPathearsherson'sbusiness
voicespeakingto a customeron the telephone,she still
can't believe it is the same fourteen-year-oldboy who
leaveshis dirty socks on the floor and who disappears
whenhe is supposedto do the washing-up.
i] "So when he was six we took him on a sea
trip to help him get over his fear."
F! His parents,Pat and David,have now had a
few monthsto get used to the idea of their
schoolboyson runninga business.
He startedit in Januarythis year, and it's
growing rapidly.
However,nelit year he hopesto expandthe
companyand offer even more holidaysto
destinationsincludingthe lsle ot Wight,
lrelandand Spain.
As a resultof this interesthe set uo a ser-
vice called FerryInformationtwo years ago.
For example,his day-tripcustomersare
given a fact sheet tellingthem all about
the ferry they wil! travelon.
Young Paulhopes to get a computerfor
Christmasso that he can reallyimprovehis
company,but he doesn't want to be a
travelagentwhen he leavesschool.
He avoidsfashionablehotelsand
re$auranls,
 People& lobs Unit I

Look at the words in bold in the text and try

to explain them.

3 Choosethe correct item.

SPEAKERS'
1 Therestaurant areverywellqualified.
.........
A members B crew C stafi D customers
Mysisteris a(n)...........
on computers. . ReadthetextaboutPaulWoodburyagainand
A individual B expert C agent D experienced makenotesunderlhe followingheadings.
Thereareexcellent sports..........at thisschool. Thenuseyournotesto talkaboutPaul.
A companiesB services C bookingsD facilities age,occupation,otfrce,statt,c.6torne/s,
Johnis a regular..........
at thisbookshop. carcetachlanements, ftnue plans,,',i,,tents'
A customer B diner C guest D passenger ,eactions
Shehasbeen........... theshopforyears. . NowcompareandcontrastPaulWoodbury
A holding B having C runningD completing and CristinaSanchezin termsof: occupatlon,
Thecompany sincelastyear.
has........... age,luture plans.
A extended B expandedC widenedD enlarged
He ...........
hisownbusiness at theageof twenty.
A set out B set off C setuo D seton

4 Label the clothes the people are wearing with

the words from the list. Then. describe how
each person is dressed.

Mr and Mrs Benson

 'l
Unit People€t lobs

5 fitrd the odd word out. I Guess the meaning of the following idioms
and fill in the gaps.
HEIGHT: small,short,muscular, tall
fls slrcng es an ox, has her hantlsfull, os 6u.ryas
BUILD: slim,thin,skinny,round a bee,lws Tuhetit tahes,as pretty as a picture,
SKIN: tanned,plump,dark,pale ctsctttttting as a fox, as coal as tt cucumber
FAGE: wavy,lreckled,wrinkled,oval
She .................--.. to be an actress.She is
EYES: slanting,bright,almond-shaped,permedtalented
and hard-working.
EYEBROWS:thick,bushy,square,thin Janet works full-timeand takes care of two children
NOSE: upturned, well-built,
curved, crooked a s w e l l ;s h e r e a l l y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHIN: hooked, double,pointed, round I couldn'tpick up the heavybox but Fred liftedit eas-
LIPS: thin,lull,long,thick ily- heis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .! . - .
HAIR: curly,wavy,blond,overweight S h e ' s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .s.h. .e;
fooled her opponentand won the game.
CLOTHES: smart,tattooed,shabby,elegant
Vickyis...............
she neverpanicsabout anything-
6 Describethe peoplein the pictures. He alwayshas a lot ol work to do: he's

7 She was a lovelybride; she looked

9 Prrt th" verbs in brackets into the Present

Simple or PresentContinuous.

(run)hisownphotog-
Stuart1) .........-.....
raphybusiness. He really2)
(enloy) his work as it is also his
favouritepastime.Usually,he 3)
(work) at his shop,
where he 4) ...................
(sell) all kinds of photo-
graphic equipment. This
afternoon,
he 5) ..................
(take) photographsof his
7 Fill in the correct prepositions. friend's wedding. Next week,
Stuart6) .....................
(fly)to Australia
Brianis very serious.........going to university;he to takesomewildlilephotographs.
wantsto succeed.......the careerhe has chosen.
My businesspartnerwasverypleased......me when
b Tracy is a stewardess.
I arrived........the officeearlierto help him.
She1) ...................
(wear)a
EversinceLindaarrived.......Londonshe has been
uniformat work.On herdays
living.......her cousin's.
off, however, she 2l
They finallydecided .......a watch as a birthdaypre-
(dress) in a
sent for Sue.
casuallyelegantway.She3)
Tracy is thinking .......leavingher presentiob in
(preter)to wear
order to get a Master'sdegree in businessadmin-
designerjeansand pullovers
istration.
with colourful scarves
Johnprelersreading.......goingout;he doesn'trea!
wrappedaround her neck.
ly likesocialising .......a lot of people. But tomorrow she 4)
I'm worried.......Tom, he hasn'tcalledfor weeks- |
(go) to a dinner
warnedhim .......travellingon his own,but he would partyso she 5) ..............
not listen. (plan) to wear something
Joanneis so serious.......her schoolwork thatshe is moreformal.
verypopular.......all her teachers.

6
 People€t lobs Unit I

I O fn in with PresentSimple or Continuous, trafficcontrolleris to O) ....pilotsif theirown navigation-

then explain the meaningof eachverb, al systemsfail.
Bradfinds his job excitingbut toughbecauseof the
1 Thislood (taste)delicious. huge(8) ....oi stressinvolved. Thisis understandable as
2 (taste)the sauceto see if it thingscango wrong veryquickly(9) ....the air.
Mother...............:.......
needsmoresalt. A veryimportanlrequirement madeof air trafficcon-
3 (think)l'll buythe blackdress,notthe trollersis the abilityto stayperfectly(10)....in emergen-
| ......,..........
reoone. cieswhenthey haveto (11) ....quicklyso thattheycan
4 (think)
She.................... of goingto studyabroad. preventdisasters.
5 TheSmiths..........(have)a cottagein themountains. Bradenioystalkingabouttheexcitement of his(12)....
6 Susan (have)dinnerwith her cousin andthethrillhe getsfromit, (13) ....admitsthatthe odd
Helentonight. hourshe worksdo affecthis (14) .... life.Whenhe finds
7 Afiera shortwalkthroughthepark,he always........... timeto relax,though,he goesto his localpublor a (15)
(feel)relaxedandcheerful. .... ot darts.
8 (feel)in my pockettor my keys.
1.......................
9 (see)thecompany
Tom................... director
in a few 0 A pilot B driver C rider D steward
minutes. 1 A announced B decided C consideredD sugges{ed
10 Whenlopen my bedroom windoweverymorning, I 2 A obsewed B noliced C looked D searched
(see)thetallcypress
.............- treein thegarden. 3 A lriends B classrnates C parhe{s D colleagues
4 A phc€s B distances C gaps D blanks
MULTIPLE-CHOICE CLOZE TEXT 5 A orevent B hold C block D oause
6 A narows B droos C rcduces D ialls
7 A suggiest B guide C shor/ D accompany
8 A number B sum C amourt D size
lnexercise 11youaregivenatextwith15gaps.Yourtask 9 Aon Bin Cat D through
is to fill in thegapsbychoosing thecorrectitemfroma 10 A still B silent C quiet D cdm
listofdistractors. 11 A go B answer C act D practise
Sleps 12AemploymentBshift C adivity D job
. Read throughthewhole passage carefullyand 13 A because B also C but D desDile
tryto understand whatit is about. 14 A social B oublic C local D human
. Read thepassageagain - sentencebysentence - 15 A play B game C pan D set
andchoose theitemthatbestfitseach gap. .KEY
WORD TRANSFORMATION

tl For questions l-15, read the text below and Exercise

12asksfortherephrasing ofa sentence usinga
decide which word A, B, C, or D best fits each givenword.Youaregivena sentence andbeneath it a
gap. The first has been done as an example. wordin boldtype- whichyoanastnotchange in aW
way- andthebeginning andending ofa sentence.
Steps
. Readtheoriginal sentence checking thestucture
When Brad Rollins andmeaning. . Using thewordin bold,complete
left school, he wanted to thenewsentence making anynecessary changes.
becomean airline(0) ..A..,butsince . Checkthatfie meaning ofthenewsentence isthe
he hadpoorvision,he (1) ....to enrolat the Schoolof Air same astheoriginal.
TrafficControlin Chicagoinstead. . Gnmmatical structures
often testedare:
Today,Bradis oneof thethousands of peoplearound a) gerundsandinfinitives,
b) modal verbs,c) -ing/
theworldwhomonitorstheskiestwentyfourhoursa day. -edparticiples,d/ comparatives, e) useof "like',l)
Aircraftare(2) ....by radarandappearon screensinfront reportedspeech, g,lclauses,t,l phrasalverbs, etc.
of the controllers as littlewhitedots.Bradand his (3) .... Correctspellingis required.
watchwheretheaircraftareflying,whilemakingsurethat flB me nis.',ingwordsshoaldhe between tvo aN
theymaintainsafe(4) .... betweenone another.Thisnot fve, Shotttoms (isn't,coaldnl,etc.)cutntas
onlyhelpsto (5) .....aircrashesin thesky,butalso(6) ..... twowotds,
the numberof delaysat airports.Anolhertask of an air-
 Unit I People€t lobs

12 Study the following examples, then do the

exercise.
Some verbs are not followed by a
preposition, such as: enter, lack,
a) It is sucha pollutedareathalno onecanlivethere.
resemble, etc.
too Theareais too porrutedfor arryonelo
livelhere. Study these examples:
b) Sheis too youngto drivea car. a) He entereditfu tht roornand tuned,
not Sheis not ord enough to drivea car. on the li,ghk.
c) Thedocioradvisedhimto stopsmoking.
b) SheIncks{the talent to be a pinnist.
give The doctor advisedhim to give up
smoking.
d) Therewassucha lot of noisein thestreetthatI 13 Cto"" out the unnecessary words in the
couldn'tconcentrate. sentencesbelow. If a sentence is correct.
too Therewastoo much nolse in the street put a tick (/).
for meto concentrate
e) Sheis so fastthatshecouldbe a orofessional 1 She told to me that she had left for Madrid.
sorinter. 2 She lacks in lhe patienceneededto be a teacher.
enough Sheis fast enougl,to De a profession- 3 He couldn't answermy questions.
al sDrinter. 4 John resembleswith his brother.
5 Whenshe enteredinto the room,everyonelookedat
her.
ThewholeclasslikesLucy. 6 The students discussed about the problem and
popular Lucyis ................................
wholeclass. came up with a solution.
yoursecret.
Lizrevealed 7 Sheilaregretsnot buyingthat dresslor the reception.
gave Li2...................................................your
I His welFtraineddog obeyed in everycommand.
secret.
Theroomwasloo darktor us to seeanything.
such ltwas...................................wecou|dn't
seeanything.
Heis too shorUhe can'tbecomea basketball player. Repetition of subject or object is not
not Heis .................... necessary and should be avoided.
becomea basketball player.
Study these examples:
ll is suchan expensive ringihal lcannotbuyit.
too Theringis a) My fatherfuis an experi,enced, teacher.
ouy. b) I lihed the ring he gaae\to me.
Marycan affordto buya car;she'sbeensavingup
for months.
money Maryhas a car; | 4 Cross out the unnecessarv word in
.........
she'sbeensavingup for months. the sentencesbelow.
Thecasewasn'llightenoughfor meto lift. 1 Cyclingit is an excitingsport.
too The casewas 2 Theboxis too heavyfor meto lift
to lift. il.
Thedoctoradvisedherto stopeatingfattyfoods. 3 The Smithsthey are my nod-
glve Thedoctoradvised............................-....
doorneighbours.
fattyfoods. 4 I enioyedthefilmI sawit on TV.
Therewasso muchsmokein the roomthat I could 5 My room-mateJohn he loves
hardlyseeanything. goingfishing.
such Therewas .......in the 6 The teacher she is very
roomthatI couldhardlyseeanything. patient withthe pupils.
I havean appointment withmy lawyertomorrow. 7 I like the gift which my
seeing 1........................... brother gave it to me.
romorrow, My Jriends and I we are
playingfooiballthis
afternoon.

8
 People€t lobs [JnitI

V/ORD iiORMr{l'lCil:l Cornmon endings for adjectives formed from

nouns and verbs: -able (sociablc), -al (magieal), -ant
FPF (reliant),, -ar (spectacular), -ate (consid.erate), -ial
(beneficial), -erl (confialent), -esqre (picturesque), -
Some verbs form their nouns with the ful gonouful), -ible (htni.blc), -ic (melad.ic), -ical
endings -ion/-ation and their adjectives (Iagical), -ious (rebelkou$, -ish (sfylisi), -ist (acist),
with -ive/-ative. -ive (respectiae), -less (endhss), -ous (neruous), -y
e.g. possess possession possessiue (pebbty)
imagi.ne imagination imaginatiae Common prefixes used with adjectives: anti (aztd-
social) , dis- (il'isorimtated.) , t7- (illagi.cal) , im- (impov
NB Nouns go before aerbs as subjects or after 'lun-
siblc), (inaccurate), rr- (inelaant), non- (non-
aerbs as objects.Adjectiaes normally go
smoking), over- (oaeruteight), un- (unablc)
before nouns,

,i 1;; n:li ir: tiiLr:,r'ei:l;:;r:t,-r,',.

atextwherevouhavet0 fill inthecorrect
wordderived lromthewordsinbold.
Sleps
. Read through thetextcarefully anddecide whatkind
ol a wordis needed; anadiective (e.9.soc/able), a
noun(e.9.society), (e.9.
anadverb sociably) ot a
velh(e.9.socialise).
. Fillintheblanks making thenecessary changes t0
in
thewords bold.Correct spelling is required.
j1'8 tlf.'er.k
s//'ellrettr?€ffe3,fr0 0,'tbemissin$l
wotijis 0r!i!'rfdye
6r |lir4irfivelr0rr rl,9fotrlexl.

collection
.l 'i* rihe i'oXlow-i.lgt.-:<t r'.ri!i ih: con'ect
o-,.',,*rip.Lerie
derivative c,f ihe worrtrs in li oltl. Th,: f,irst o;i,e
, i i 1 F i ' r , ' . i ' r t , ' , , , t r : .1 r . { ) r ' r'r. ' has *reendone al an el.xavnni:.
r{'Drdsir'i};r':!cl{e ;s.
Bruce is definitelya (0)
Matthewis not a ....................... (decide)person;he .Eccialzre.(socrar) man.
can'tmakeup his mindaboutanything. He has a lot of lriends
M r S m i t h ' sp r e s e n t a t i ow
n a s s o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .because
... he is always
(impress) that the company bought his product. ( 1 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . .(.c. .h e e t ) ,
We gave Howard a special gift to show our (2) ............ (rety) and
(appreciate) for all the hard work he readyto help anyone in
i ..,/
had done ior us. need.When it comes to
His most prized (possess) is a painting 3) ............ (danget) sit-
by Picasso. uations, Bruce always
Sheworean ....................... (atfract)outfit;everyone a c t sq u i t e( 4 ) . . . . . .
said she looked very smart. (brcve). Fot example,a
Theyorganiseda ......................... (demonstrate)to few weeks ago he
protestagainstcrueltyto animals. saved a little boy's (5)
An artist needs to be very Greate) in (rive) by pulling him out of the path of a
order to be successful. speeding truck. When it comes to giving advice, he is
I The film had a very.................. (imagine)plot. alwaysvery (6) . . . . (help) and (7) ................. (sup-
(consruct) of the new shopping porf). However,he can be rather(8) ...............
9 The .................... (aggtes-
centreis expectedto be completedin two years. sion), especiallywhen he is driving - sometimes he
Teachersshould be (obl'ect) when it drivesso (9) ............... (careress)thathis lriendsaretoo
comesto markinotheirstudents'work. (10) . . . . (fiight) to get in the car with him.

I
 Placesto Visit
of sportand activity,whileyou would prefera chanceto
relax in naturalsurroundingsand experiencea bit of
cultureas well.Why nol try Swansea,the holidaydesti-
nationwithsomethingfor everyone?
yOuhave
Inthisexercise toreadatextwhichhasnumbered
paragraphs.
Yourtaskislo matcheachparagraph wrththe
conect headingfromthelistgiven.
Thereisoneextra
head- lo start with, the beaches around Swanseaare a
ingyoudon'tneed touse. playtimeparadise,withcleansandand sparklingwater.
Sleps Thereis no end to the thingsyou can do. The lit|e ones
. First,readtheheadings andthenthetexttogeta can build sandcastlesand paddle on the shore,while
general
ideaofthecontent. older childrencan take part in activitiessuch as wind-
. Ineachparagraph, tryto spotthesentence
orkey surfingand sailing.Grown-upswill enjoy lazingon the
wordwhich gives
themain idea. beachwhileadmiringthe beautifulscenery.
. Finally,findtheheading which matchesthemain
ideaoteach paragraph.
Forthosewho don'tfancysunbathingor watersports, the
surroundingcountrysidehas lots to offer. Picturesque
coastalpathsand naturetrailsare idealfor long walks.
Moreover,medieval caslles,ancientburial sites and
parksand gardenscan all be easilyreached.
spectacular

Guesswhetherthe followingstatementsare true or

false,then readquicklythroughthe text and check if
your guesseswerecorrect.
Swanseais a holidayresort.
Thereis not muchvarietyof entertainmentin Swansea.
Weathercan ruinone'sholidayin Swansea.
Swanseaappealsto ail age groupsas a holidayresort.
Suggesta suitabletitlefor the text.
lf you want to have a fabuloustime in town, try the
lvlaritime Quarter.Oncethe industrialand shippingarea
of the city, it now has quaint 1gth centurystreetsalong-
side newerareasof homes,businesses,pubs, restau-
r a n t s a n d m u s e u m s .D o n ' t m i s s t h e M a r i t i m ea n d
Industrial l\,4useum, whichis full of fascinatinq relicsfrom
the Quarter'sworkingpast.

We can guarantee thatyour holidayin Swanseawon'tbe

spoiltby rainyweather.The SwanseaLeisureCentre,a
huge indoorcomplex,truly has somethinglor everyone
with its swimmingpool, fitnessclasses,high-techgym
and of coursea cafeteriajor snacksand drinks.There's
Wanderingthroughnatureand history. an assortmentof specialactivities for the kids,including
wild and wacky exercisesjn Fitkid,and the Fun CIub,
Keepingthe arts alive. withteamgames,artsand craftsand swimmingsessions
The perfectplaceto go. especiallyfor children.

Pastand presentcombined.
The culturally-minded
wjll find plentyto suit their tastesin
Forthe adventurous
only. Swansea.The SwanseaGrandtheatrehas offeringsrang-
ing fromcomedy10opera.Thereis alsoan outdoorlheatre
Weatherprooffun.
at OystermouthCastle, where opera and the plays of
Seasidepleasures. Shakespeareare performed.For those interestedin the
visualarts,Swansea'smunicipalart galleryhousesa vari-
A junglein the heartof Swansea. ety of works by famous artistssuch as Dor6, Gwen and
AugustusJohnand GrahamSuthedand.

Finally.lor a tasteof the exotic,don t missPlantasia.

This
The summerholidaysare approaching and you and your is an indoortropicalparadise, packedwithbeautifulplan!
lamilyjust can't decidewherelo go. The kidswant lots life from the warmestregionsol the world. lt's not just
 Placesto Visit Unit2

greeneryeither.Frogs,snakes,spidersand birdscanbe
seen in their naturalsurroundings,and the butterfly
house,with its colourfulcreatures fromthe world'srain-
forests,is notto be missed.So il yourholidayplansare
SPEAI(ERS'
stillup in the air,don'ihesitate- cometo Swansea and
havethe holidavof a lifetime!

, Look at the words in bold in the text and trv . Talkaboutsummerholidaysin Swansea
to explain them, includingthefollowinginformation:

Choosethe correct item. praces to visi0 activities, entefiainment

Cannesis a famousEuropeanholiday........
. Now,compareand contrastSwansea
and
A camp B resort C hotel D accommodation London.

One of the mostpopular.......sportsis squash.

A indoor B inside C interior D internal
Afterwork,I usually.......with a cup of tea. 6 Mut.h the adjectives with the nouns. Some of
A rest B calm C relax D lie the adiectives can be used more than once.

The museumis .......nextto the olanetarium. Itcrtt,l .\[art) gr.t1 .r1l?ng

A situated B placed C out D stood utaottlil lighl t:l.oult liue
thith ghunl hrigltt tnoott.l.e:.s
.......for peopleof all ages.
Thisrestaurant
A covers B caters C cares D supplies I ............rain 3 ..........snow 5 .... sunshine
.) . . . . . . . . w
..ind 4 . . . . . . . . . . .s. k. y 6 . . . . . . . . .n.i g h t
There is a wide .......of eventsat this year'sfestival.
A amount B sum C variety D collection
7 Underline the correct adjectives.

4 Mut.h the adiectives with the nouns.

; DearRachPl'
utudl, t rrnutlcd lrhltll g)n !.\_l
'ffi#ri#L\:,
I
,
liottontlc.;s :lutp hurt

\\,itffitWixrx,
p,{ I tt
\

hillside tr-T^i#:,:-Y::::f:!
5 Mut.h the idioms with their definitions.
!r',r'",,r;r;':::!;!i:Y
1 lt's a smallworld. a. Onecanruninto :,"1:Yi::r::i:
\':,!#',# :##*i'i*"il,,i
An Englishman's
somebody theyknow
almostanywhere.
b, Whenvisitinga place
t';:,#{
:iiii";}'ii)#:if,:,l
i-# i::.iA
;, \
homeis hiscastle. alwaysrespectits
customsandtradilions.
,r';:,"',#"r!":"*t'"^?:',tn ,*;;;\
There'sno placelike
nome.
c. Whatever methods
youusewillhavethe {' ::#:::;,f#e;'f"l!',,'
#iii,i ","',r",i' I *"
*)i,a
sameresult. see
WelL, youin a ol w?(N
coupk
All roadsleadto d. An Englishman feels \, ^ir,r' i
Rome. satesianddoesas he 1 lave,
wishesin hishome. t tou'o
Whenin Romedo as e. One'shomeis the \.
the Romansdo. bestplaceto be.

ll
Unit2 Placesto Visit

I Read these texts describing places, and fill in B MY TowN

the gaps with suitable prepositions from the
lists below. ucross,in, behind,
on, tlro'ugh
MY NEIGHBoURHooD Myhometown is situaled (1)...................
thesouthcoast
of England.lt is verypicluresque, withwoodedhills(2)
through,outside,Jiotn, it and a riverrunning(3) ....................it.
opposite,
on, rteur,in Mosto{ the buildings (4) .......................
the HighStreet
are old and quaint,and thereare severalbeautifulold
Mytlatis (1)...............
the
fitth floor of a high-rise to bridges. (5) ........................
theriveryou'llfindthenewer
block which is (2)
a busy road.
o partof the town,whichis alsoveryattractive.
townis oneof the prettiestin England.
I thinkmy

Duringthe day we can

hearthe trafficpassing(3) C Oun Locar,LTBRARv
which can be
through, itt, ott, across,i:ttside,at
quitedisturbing,but fortu-
natelythereis a parkjust Ourlocallibrary,whichis situatedat theedgeof the park
(4) ...............
our building, (1)...........
theroadfrommyhouse,is a surprisingly good
so we havea pleasantview one.Theoutsideis quilemodern, and (2) ................
the
ol grass and trees (5) atmosphereis very quiet and relaxed. Books are
our living-room arrangedneatly(3) ..................
the shelves,and people
windows. I often walk (6) sit (4) ...................
tablesor (5) cornfortabte
the parkio get to the bus stopon the other armchairs,readingand takingnoles.(6) ................ the
side.Thecentreof townis quite(7) ...................
myflat, windowsyou canseethe greentreesof the park.I love
so it'sconvenient for bothshoppingandentertainment, spendingtimethere,andgo whenever I can.

9 Label the different parts of the house and garden using words from the list.
 Places
to Visit

1 | w a n t e dt o g o t o t h e p a r k . . . . . . . . .i.o. .o. t ,b u tm y s i s t e r 1 Nobodystartedeating.....all the guestshadarrived.

insistedthatwe shouldgo ........... taxibecauseit was 2 We haveknownthe Barnesfamilv............ we moved
so far away. However,once we were ............. the h e r e t, e n y e a r s. . . . . . . . . . . .
taxi, we realisedthat it would havebeen quickerto 3 She had ............ typed two letterswhen her boss
walk becausetherewas so much traffic. arrivedat the office.
2 This buildingused to be a warehouse.lt has now 4 She waited........... all her guestshad left
been transformed............ a restaurant and is well- she startedwashingthe dishes.
known............. its deliciousfood. 5 l've ............ finishedpaintingthe fenceso the paint
3 My brotherwentto Spain............. planelasl month. hasn'd t r i e d. . . . . . . . . . . ,
He was a bit scared as he had neverflown before, 6 AfterI had been lookingfor my g|asses............ half
but once he was ............. the plane,he forgotall his an hour,I loundthem in a drawer.
fearsand enjoyedthe flight. 7 Susanis ..,...,.....typing the letters;she hasn'thad a
4 OId Mr Robertshas a hugevariety............. plantsin c h a n c et o f i n i s ht h e m. . . . . . . . . . . .
his garden,and is alwaysboasting............. the prize
he won in a gardeningcompetition.
5 We don't need to worry ............... noisytouristsas
our cottageis lar ............. fromthe popularbarsand
beaches. The first time I ( l)
(visit) Silver
BeachI was on holiday
with my family.A friend
of ours (2) ..............
Many years ago, (tell) us that jt was the
w h i l e| ( 1 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . best beach in the area.
(travel) through When we (3) .
Europeby train,I (arrive) we saw hundredsof people lying on the beach,
(2) enjoyingthe sunshine.We (4) ........... (be) a bit disap-
(have)the chance pointedas we (5) .................. (not/realise) that it was
to visit most of the going to be so crowded.We (6) ...,,......... (search)for
major European fifteenminutesbeforewe actually(7) .............. (find)a spot
\aP,@o 4 ru aur nrs to sit down. We put our things down and (8) ...........
thehntasticscenery.One day, as the train (3) .................(relax).We (9) (sit) in the sun for about an hour
(pass) throughthe Frenchcountrysideit suddenly(4) whenwe suddenlyrealisedthat we weregettingsunburnt,
(stop) at a small picturesquevillage so we (10) ,.......... (decide)to go for a swim.The water
becauseof engine problems.While we (5) , , wasso refreshing thatwe (11)............. (swim)for overan
(wait)for the trainto be repaired, we (6) .................., (get hour.Afterthat,we (12)............ (go)to the barfor a snack.
ofD to do some sightseeingfor a couple of hours. | (7) Muchto our surprise,when we got backto our spot,all of
(go)to a cosyrestaurant where| (8) ................ourthingsweresoaked!Whilewe (13).............. (be)at the
(enioy)somewonderfullocalcuisineand (9) ...................bar the tide (14) .............. (come) in. Our friend (15)
(taste)some exquisiteFrenchwine. In the end, l(10) (torget)to tellus notto sittoo closeto thewaterl
..............
(novmind) the delayat all!

James has been to Jamesis not here,

Scotland. he's in Scotland
James has been digging the flowerbeds now.
9.30this morning. Jameshas beenin Jameshasvisited
2 Lesliehas livedin Amsterdam............ hvo years. Scotlandsince1990. Scotlandbut he
3 How long is it .........., you lastwentto the opera? isn'ttherenow.
4 That man has been waitingfor the bus .......... over Jameshas goneto Jameslivesin
twenty-fiveminutes. Scotland. Scotlandnow,
l ' v eb e e nl e a r n i n E
g n g l i s h . . . . . . .l a
. .s. tM a r c h .
 unit ? Placesto Visit

{ 6 p;li i'o tire gar::.r ''iittit :t" ' i.t:rsi

"vlth eitirer {::ll J.'io tire :::nteli.rcesusilrg thc correct relative
fo""ol' "tle:ll i;r", r;r 1-Lri-! L) L" iar:i ,

I "Whereis Sally?""She'snot in, she's 1 He has writtenmany books.Threeol them have

the bank." become bestseilers.
2 Stan has only ...................... the lvletropolitan Opera 2 Julie has got two sons. Both of them are doctors.
once. 3 Therewereseveralpeopleat the meeting.Noneol
3 T h eB o yS c o u t sh a v e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .t .h.e. .m
. . o. .u n t a i n them were teachers.
camp; they will be back nextThursday. 4 My brotherhas got a lot of stamps.Severalof them
4 She hasn't . the cinemafor ages. are worth a fortune.
5 Oliverhas ........................... Viennafor fifteenyears. 5 | met some friendswhile on holiday.Two of them
are from Spain.
17 Fut the veria:;iir b,:rclietsinto r,he P;^e"erI
Perfet:t Sitn!;te or -,!'j'.,Je4J
fqi-if .j a4riiii..lrii.J. llili , l- : .,'-.',icbelo.,. then iio tlac follolvins
l,lr,u:',.,.
eleirir;:.
S t e v e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (. .f .e.e. .l )q u i t e
depressed recently, so he is r Ann is talkingto John.she looksquiteangry_
thlnkingof takinga week off to I who Ann, ,,ylrclaoksquiteang'y.is talkingto
* so skiiis. i John.
- n.sr 2 1............... (know) Professor i :l lhe Browns are on holidayin PalmBeach.Their
lh
1i{ rg\ .tohnqnn
.:.
ctn.a m\, fircr ygar at
i car was stolen.
J
tr T&-:^;-:'
rE. -- -r-' I whose The Browns, v,/hosecar ralassfo/en are
f,j 3 Tom ................. (wait) tor :
f, on holidayin PalmBeach.
4 the bus for nearlyan hour i :l There are ten boys in my class. All of them play
and,,ithasn'tcomeyet. basketballjn their free time.
S i
F,,l"r?"lri;,;_;;;i"ix?":1 I
I
whom Thereare ten boys in my class, a// of
whc,r play basketballin their free time.
intendto leavenow," said the old lady. .:l lt's a long time since I lastwent to the theatre.
c H e r e y e s a r e r e d b e c a u s es h e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .| . 'i
been |.have besn 10the theatrefor a long
(work) on the computerall morning. I
| [me.

l8 r;rrin the correct reiati. e ;:r.'o-soun. Youweretalkingto a girl.Sheis my daughter.

whom The girl
is my daughter.
who, uhich, uhose,uhen, uhere,uh.1,uhom Tom startedworking for our company fifteenyears
ago.
The |ady...........
is speakjngto the airportofficialsis b e e n T o m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .f.o. .r.o. .u. r. . . .
the one .............
luggagemysteriously disappeared. companyfor fifteenyears.
It was 1990...........I travelled to ltaly,as I hadalways It's ages since I last saw Dorolhy.
wantedto visitthe place ......-...... my parentswere s e e n | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .f.o. .r.a. .g. e
. .s. ... .
oorn. She made a cake and gave half of it to her mother.
Herbrothers,bothof............ are university students, which She madea cake,
enjoygoingsurfingat weekends. to her mother.
In the caf6..............I go {or my lunchbreak,I often I found three lettersin the morningpost;two of them
see a man .............looksa lot like PaulNewman. werefrom my mum.
The old building............. is now being restored, which I found three lettersin the morningpost,
oncebelongedto a wealthymerchant............. ghost . . . . . . . . . . .f.r.o. .mm y m u m .
is said to hauntthe place. I havetwo brothers.Neitherof them is married.
Kenyais the place ..-........... they have chosento whom I havetwo brothers
spend their summerholidaysthis year, ............. is is married.
the reason.............theyare havingvaccinations. The housewherethey livenow is veryspacious.
The ry programme...................1 saw lastnightwas in Thehouse..................................
aboutold people ........... go hikingeveryweekend. veryspacious.

14
 Placesto Visit Unit2

OPEN CLOZE TEXT You..........havephonedus to let us knowyou

weren'tcoming.
A could B can C must
youhave It wasraininghard;...........,theywenton withtheir
Inthistypeofexercise tofilleachoftte numbered
blanKofatextwihonlyonew0rdwhich mustfthe conten. iourneyas planned.
A moreover B however C lurthermore
Sleps
. Read fietextcarefully inorder tofindoutwhatitis is sittingoverthere,is a photographer.
9 Jane,...........
abod. A which B whose C who
. Tryt0lindoutwhatkindofwordismissing (noun,
prepositjon, 10 ..........
a tastrunnerLynnis!
adjective,verb,adveft, modal, article,
determiner,conjunction, pronoun etc).Lookatthe A What B Such C How
words whichareb€fore andaftereachblank 0rinfie
same sentence. Somelimes youhave toconsider ofter B. Fill in eachgap with one suitableword.
words aswell.Study helollowing examples: Then identify what kind of word it is.
a She hasgot.......most beautiful eyes l'veever seen. (tte
adiectiveisa sup€rlative - it needs "fie") Golden sunshine,blue skies and leafy green trees:
b Alhough wehad......... talked toeach ofierbefore, he
seemed quitefamiliar to me.("Alfiough" showsan Antigua,(1) ...where... the beachesareendless,the sea
opposilion belween fie twoideas expressed infie sen- crystalclearandthewatersports among(2) .............
best
bnce. fierefore we need "neve/'.} in theCaribbean. lf youarelooking(3) ................
a holl-
c '..........
a niceday!"sheexclaimed. (lheexclamation day in one of the (4) exoticcornersol the
maftshows tratftis sentence is anoclamatory one, Caribbean, whereyoucan(5) ...-.............thedayby the
soweneed whalorhow- infiis case"what" because
fiereisa noun after he blank.) sea,or eatout in beautifulsurroundings, thenthe island
d Ann,.........hasbeen worldng here lortwomonhs, is of Antiguais idealforyou.(6) ...............
are365beaches,
getingmMiedne{Sunday. ($esubject offie verbof (7) ...............
of themostspectacular beingJollyBeach.
treclause ismissing andfieclause isinbetween com- Antiguacaters(8) .............all tastesand attracts(9)
mas,fierefore weneed "who".) youngand old alike.lt's a perfectplacefor
...............
e Sheshould ..........
toldtrenews. (aftershould (modal)
weusebareinfinilive infie conect tense; 'told'is$e those(10) dreambf visilingheavenon earth.
pastpartciple ofhe misslng passive infinitive,fierefore
weneed'be".)
f lfhewere here, he.....- giveusa hand. (fiesentence is .KEY' WORD TRANSFORMATION
conditionallype 2fierefore weneed 'would"fcould".)
g Thefood was..... badfiatwedidn'ttouch it ('tlaf indi- 22 Completethe sentencesusing the words in
cateshis isaclause ofresultfierefore, weneed "so'.) bold. Use two to five words. The first one
o Vr/hen youhave completed he cloze bxt,read fie has been done as an example.
passage carefully toseeif it makes sense andisgnam-
maticallvcorTect. I Kathylikedthe housethe momentshesawit.
took l<athy...tookto the...housethemomentshe
saw it.
2 1 A. Choose the correct item. 2 We managed to walkto thecottagedespitethe
roughtrail.
Heis richer..........hisbrother. foot Wemanagedto9e1 .....................-..............
A than B of C from despite the rough trail.
just
3 Sheilais likehergrandmother in looksandpersonality.
2 He........... lefthis office;he'llbe backsoon.
after Shei1a.....................-.............-............
A had Bis C has grandmother.
3 Hiscarelessdrivingresulted.........a nastyaccident. 4 Thereis a lakenearthefarm.
A into Bin Cto close Thereis a .....................................
ihefarm.
4 lf I had seenhim,l'd ..........
talkedto him. 5 Theyremoved the paintingto repaint the wall.
A would B have C had down They
to reDaint thewall.
5 Hewas........... tiredto workanvmore. 6 Maryhasn'tseenDeanfor two days.
A too B enough C much since lt's ...................................-..-..............
Some people weresittingon benches; ..........
were 7 Benis speakingto a lady;sheis the director.
strollingin the park. who Thelady..............
A other B others C another is the director.

l5
 Stories
The tribesmensurrounded Cliveand pushedhim for-
ward. He startedto run. As they were obviouslyused to
movingthroughthe lungle,they quicklycaughtup with
him and steered him towardsan areawhere it was eas-
youhaveto reada textfollowed
Inthisexercise byfour- ierto walk.
optionmultple questions
choice anddecide whichoption Clivecouldn'tunderstandwherethey were leading
bestanswers
each questjon. \ him. He wasn'tfrightened, but he did feel lost,hot and
Sleps
. Read lhrough thewhole
textcarefully
il tired.Justwhenhe thoughttherewas no way out,he saw
Fay'sparachutehangingfrom some nearbytrees.

i\i
. Lookattftequestions
andlrytoanswerlhem
without "Fay!"he shouted,and he ran towardsthe parachute.
lookino
attfiechoices. Faywas sittingon a fallentreewith a tribesmanstand-
. Read through thechoicesforeachqueslion
and ing nextto her.Whenshe stood up to run,the tribesman
choose toyouranswer.
theonethatisclosest triedto stop her.She broke free and ranto Clive,but just
as they got close to each other, they felt the ground
below them give way. They had fallen into quicksand,
andtheywerebothsinking.
The tribesmen held out their spears to them and
pulledthem out. They led the Duffysthroughthe jungle
Skimthroughthe textand thinkof a suitabletitlefor it. untilthey were closeto a clearing wherethey could sig-
Guesswhetherthe followinostatementsare true or nal for help.The Duffysrealisedthat from the beginning
false,then readquicklythro-ughthe textand checkif the natives had only been tryingto helpthem, but when
your guesseswerecorrect. they turnedaroundto thankthem,they were gone.
The Duffys'planewas goingto landsafely.
Clive'sparachutewas caughtin the branchesof a
tree. 1 The Duffys'safetywas uncertainbecause
The tribesmenweretryingto killthe Dufiys. A theyweren'tsuretheycouldlandthe plane.
B theywereflyingoverthe jungle.
C their parachuteshad blown away.
D theywereflyingoverthe Amazonriver.
2 WhenClivelanded,he
The Duffyshad beenflyingtheirtwo-seaterplaneover A was not ableto move.
the Amazon when they started having engine trouble. B heardFaycallinghim.
Theysoon realisedthe planewas goingto crashand had C saw Fay's parachute.
no choice but to try to parachute to safety.They pre- D tried to locateFay.
pared themselvesand jumped. The wind was gusting
and FayDutfy'sparachutequicklydrifted away from her 3 Why did Clivestandstill?
husband's.Clivehopedthey would both land safelyand A He saw somethingstrange.
find each other on the ground, but even that was B He thoughtFaywas coming.
C He knewsomeonewas nearhim.
uncertainas they were headingfor the thick treesof the
D He heardpeopletalking.
Jungle.
Clive'sparachutegot caughtin a tree.He managedto 4 WhenClivetriedto run away,the tribesmen
free himselfand jump to the ground,but he couldn'tsee A surroundedhim.
whereFay had landed.He begancallingher nameas he B arresledhim.
walkedtowardswherehe thoughtshe might be, but the C forcedhim to walk.
junglebecameso thickthathe couldn'tgo on. D guidedhim to a placewithfewertrees.
He heard tree branchessnapping close by and he
5 WhenFaysaw Cliveshe
realisedsomeonewas walkingtowards him. He called
Fay's name again, but there was no answer.He stood A brokedown.
B rantowardshim.
perfectlystill,awarethat someonewaswatchinghim,but
C was unableto move.
he couldn't see who it was. Then he saw them coming D fell intoa pool.
out lrom behindthe trees.A group of tribesmen wearing
hardly any clothes and carrying long wooden spears 6 In the end,the Duffysfelt
came towards him. They spoke in a language Clive A frightened.
couldn't understand,but he assumedthey were talking B helpless.
abouthim. C grateful.
D angry.
 StoriesUnit3

2 Look at the words in bold in the text and try

to explainthem.
SPEAKERS'
3 Choosethe correct item.
problems
1 Hiscarhad.......... so he hadit repaired.
A engine B machineC motor D propeller
thatMaryhadlefttheparty.
Hewasn't.......... . Readthe te)don page 16 again,then look at
A sensibleB ignorantC aware D observant the headingsand re-tellthe story in the first
personas if you wereclive.
Susancould.........
speaka wordof French.
A hardly B mostly C nearly D mainly Who- Whete- Whathappened- Whothey
Afterhoursof driving,
theyfinally....theirdestination. werc hetpedby - How they were hetped
A arrived B reachedC got D went
. Whai do you think happenedto the Duffys
She.........
thatit wasrainingwhensheopenedthe afterthey reachedthe clearing?
window.
A realisedB iaced C decided D understood
Thepubis very.........
to thecinema.
A close B next C beside D nearby 5 Join the words in bracketsto makecompound
adjectivesas in the example:
"Areyou.........
me?"sheaskedthestranger.
A staring B looking C seeing D watching e.g. Aftera Luo-houualk in thepouringrain,
to theshin.(two hours)
sheuassoaked,
4 Study the following theory box then fill in
"quite" or "rather"in the sentences. Her..............................
daughter istheprettiest child
l'veeverseen.(sevenyearcold)
Quite (= fairly,to some degree)is used jn The Taylorsreallyenjoyedtheir.............................
favourablecomments.lt's quite warmtoday.ltis holidayin Barbados. (thrceweeks)
usedbeforealan.lt was quite an enjoyabletilm. Professor Smithers gave a .........................
lecture
Quite(= c66p1"1"1y) is usedwithadverbs,some on the harmfuleffectsot sunbathing. (two hours)
verbs and adjectivessuch as: alone, brilliant, Thelocalswimming poolhasgot a .......................
certain,exhausted, horrible,right,sure,true,etc. highdivingboard. (ten teet)
Youarc quite right. Lillieundertook projectfor herart
a .........................
Ratheris used:a) in unJavourable comments. /t's class. (four months,l
rathethottoday.(= ldon't likeit),b) in favourable
commentsmeaning"to an unusualdegree".Ihe
6 Choo"" the correct word.
testwasruther easy.(itwaseasierthanI expected)
and c) withcomparative degreeor withtoo. He's
rcther thinnet thanJames.lt's rather too lateto Thephotographer toldeverybody
to ..............
before
go out Ratheris usedbeforeor aftera/an./t's a he tookthe oicture.
ratherdifticults@rcise.lt'srathera difficultexercise. A laugh B smile C giggle D chuckle

l'm afraidSylvieis ........................ too tallto become

Hermothertoldherto stop...............
nonsense.
a balletdancer.
A ialking B speakingC saying D telling
He has been living in Francefor five years, so he "Stopit,John!Don'tyouknowit'srudeto ...........
at
s p e a k sF r e n c h. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .w
. .e
. .l.l.. oeoole?"
He was ..................... an interestingspeakerand A look B oeer C stare D see
held his listeners'attentionfor a longtime.
4 It is ..................... cold today.We'd betterstayin.
lvlaryandGeorgewere...........
because
theydidn't
5 Sheranthe race........... fastbut stillfinishedsecond.
wantto wakeGrandpa.
o She must havedone well in the audi-
A whisperingBshoutingCscreaming D crying
tion as she was giventhe part. Atterdinnerthe elderlycouplewentfor a leisurely
Jamesis .........shorterthan his brother. ..............
alonothebeach.
A run B march C stroll D sprint
17
 {Jtr]]iiJ Stories
6 Everybody............ to the door when they realised
there was a fire in the restaurant.
A floated B rushed C wandered D burst
li -, -1.: t,Lr'::tlr. i
r i C... Olio,i,r:
9l-ci".'" rii'lii :1 ri ;ri:t!:L ir.lr!:ar.cttraie l :i.
as i crept into the house i knew id probablyget into trou-
ble suddenlythe living-roomdoor flew open whereon
earth have you been shouted my mother its after mid-
nightsorrymum i saidwe justgot talkingand i forgotthe
time well ive beenworriedsick she saidyou could have
ai least phoned to say youd be late with that she lett the
roomand closedthe door with a sigh i slowlymademy
way upstairsto bed
. . cJ . : :! l'-.1'
1 Whenlfirstarrived.......Romelwas unsure,......how
to get to my hotel,but luckilya policemangaveme
directions.
2 Danielfell .......love.......Rachelthe firsttime he met
her,and now he is married.......her.
3 Helenput the blame .......her brotherfor breaking
the teapoteven though she had done it, which is
typical.......her.
4 Jack was not thereto meet me when I arrived.......
VictoriaStation,and it occurred.......me that he
mighthaveforgottenI was coming.
5 Aftersittingin trafficfor two hoursyesterdayI was so
f e d u p . . . . . . .b e i n gd e l a y e dt h a t l d e c i d e d t o t u r n
aroundand head .......home.
6 Chrisblamedthe otherfootballplayers.......losing
the game.
7 Theywereso bored .......the film thatthey decided
to leavethe cinema.
I Lastweek I was .......the trainto Birmingham
realisedthat I had left my briefcaseat home.
{h C,nesr rll:rer.i,,:ariinil.)1'the idiorl!:; risrt:d tlaeil
.'il:l ir trre q;r1;slr,:1oir.
io t;tttie a llirit r;.'cr"l.ni;on,rr.:rlre ir,jz;e.'t'"cii,,
lrir,r<,oirJ.r;o1. ir ri:ji|rer:f.rtoi'r. jaii J{.!/ft;
It's ........................
alwayslate tor our meetings.
MissBlacktold Joe thatshe was tiredof hearinghis
....... about his missing home-
work.
3 lt was a mostfrightening experiencebut, ..................
the piloteventually
.................., madean emergency
landinoin the desert.
IE;
4 I didn't like any of the films Mark Hodge has
directed, - it'sterrificl
buthislatestoneis .....,.......
5 Janicesaysthat if you eatcheesebeforeyou go to
bed,you'llhavenightmares, butI don'tbelieve that.
It'sjust.................
r . . .; . 1O t
tS ?P,-EF{.-,'I.IIT:ON
CFTECX{
ON LI}Tii:iSrl- 3
irill in the co|rect orepositioras.
1 | prefertravellingby train ............ takingthe bus in
the morningbecauselalways get -......... the office
muchearlier.
2 Wendy had looked at severalflats and tinallydecid-
ed .......... the two-bedroom one.Herhusbandis very
p l e a s e d, . . . . . . .h. .e rd e c i s i o n .
3 Ever since I arrived..........Madridto study I have
beenthinking.........joiningthe library,but I haven't
hadtime.
4 W h e n e v eJr a c k i ei s f a r a w a y . . . . . . . . . .h.e. r c h i l d r e n ,
she can't help worrying............ whetherthey are
oKay.
5 M r D a k i ni s a n e x a m p | e . . . . . . . . .a. . .g. o o d t e a c h e r ;
wheneverhis pupilsask ............. help,he sitsdown
and explainsthingsto them untilthey understand.
6 He boasts being the best athlete in the
team.
Yesterdayas I was goingto work .......... {oot,a taxi
drovepastme and Sallywas sitting.........the back.
We arrived............. Parison a cold wintermorning,
feelingunsure............. whetherwe had chosenthe
rightplaceto spendour honeymoon.
" D o n ' t p u t t h e b | a m e . . . . . . . . . .m
. . .e ! l t ' s s o t y p i c a l
you neverto admitbeingwrong."
.............
1 0 Billwas so fed up ............. hisjob that he decidedto
find a moreinteresting one.
when I
Say is used in Directspeechas well as in
Reportedspeechwhen it is not followed by the
personthe words were spokento. e.g. "l am
tircd,"he sa,d (Directspeech)) He said(that)
he wasthed.(Reportedspeech)
Tell is used in Reportedspeechwhen it is fol-
i,.':;: lowed by the personthe words were spokento.
e.g. "l am tired,"he saidto me. (Direct speech) t
He told me he was tired. (Reported speech)
w i t h D a v i d- h e ' s
Expressions used with say; good morning,
something,one's prayers,a few words, so, no
more,elc.
Expressions used with terr.'the truth, a lie, a
story, one from another,the difference,sb one's
name,sb a secret,sb the way, etc.
 Stories

' I S h ed e c i d e dt o . . . . . . . . . . , . . . "l'm in a hurrybecausemy bus is leavingin 10 min-

t h et r u t h .
utes,"Cindysaid.
2 He usedto ............. his childrena storyeverynight.
3 H e . . . . . . . . .g.o. o dm o r n i n ga s h e c a m ei n t ot h e o f f i c e .
"l saw Stevea monthago,"Jamessaid.
. .e. t h a ls h ew a sg o i n gt o b e l a t e .
4 H e l e n. . . . . . . . . . .m
5 The littleboy ............. his prayersand wentto bed. :sr,"
*rlii"iti",n";;" ;l;;;;;;" ;iJ.'
6 TheVare twinstit's hardto ........one fromthe other.
"Jasonis havinga birthdaypady at his house
tomorrow,"l\4elinda
said.

"You'll never believewhat happenedyesterdayl"

Kathysaid.
this/these that/those "Helenhas beenrevisinglor her examsall day,"l\4rs
now Jacobssaidto me.
tomorrow
nexlyear/month.etc. "l'll be flyingto Romeat this time tomorrow,"Paula
yesterday saidto us.
a monthago
"Sallywas workinghard in the lab yesterday,"
Ann
lastyear/month.
etc.
saidto me.
here
come
To report a questionwe use:a) ask + question
word (where,why, who, etc.) when the direct
questionbeginswitha questionword,b) ask + ifl
whetherwhenthe directquestionbeginswith an
auxiliaryverb (have,do. can,etc.).
PresentSimpfe.' PastSimple "Hedrivesto work,"she
In reoortedouestionswe useaffirmative
orderand
satd.
tenses.
PresentContinuous+ Past Continuous"Heis dtivino Pronouns,timewords,etc.changeas in statements.
10wor&" she said.

Past Simpfe i Past Perfect "He droveto work," she

said. "Whichbook did you buy? He asked her which book
Past Simpre does not change in t me crauses. he askedher. shehad bought.
"Canyou give me a lift?" She asked him if he could
Past Continuous+ Past PerfectContinuous'He was sheaskedhim. give her a lift.
drivingto work," she said.

Past Continuousdoes not change in time clauses.

FutureSimpfe+ would + bare infinitive "Hewilldrive "Whowas at the partylastnight?"Cindyaskedme.

to u/or& shesaid.
"Areyou goingto the cinematomorrow?"his moth-
Future Continuous + would + continuous oresent
intinitive "He wi be drivingto work," she said. er askedhim.

"Whenwillthe packagebe delivered?"

she askedus.
PresentPerfectt PastPerfect'He hasdrivento wotk."
shesaid. "Whereis the building?"he askedme.

Present Perfect Continuous r Past Perfect ";;;;; |;;ii;;i;; si;;;ii:;;;;;;;J;;

Continuous "He has been driving to wor( " she said.
"Areyou flyingto Parisnextweek?"he askedTom.
 Unit3 Stories

. To report commandsor requestswe use te//, 16 Report the following sentences.

ordeLask,beg,etc.followedby a to-inJinitive.
1 "l wish I couldgo skiingthisweekend,"said
Debbie.

"Tokyois oneof the mostoverpopulated

citiesin
"Stop making so much Mum asked us to stop theworld,"saidJohn.
noise,"Mum saidto us. makingso muchnoise.
"Please,pleasedont give Shebeggeclmenot to give
him the money," she said 3 "lt'stimeyoufoundyourself
a job,Burt!"saidAnn.
him themoney.
to me-
4 "Jois considering
leaving
herjob,"Marysays.
15 Totn the followine into Reported speech. 5 "Waterfreezesat 0"C,"theteachersaid.
1 "Turnoff the TV.Tom."his mothersaid.

2 "Please,pleasehelp me," the womansaidto Peler. The follorving modals change as follows in
Reported speech:
3 "Don'ttalkto strangers,"
herfathersaidto her.
may + might (possibility\lcould
(per-
4 "Takeoff vourshoes."Mothersaidto us. mission)
must + had to (obligation)
5 "Pickup your books,"Sandrasaidto her son. must + must (deductionlpossibilu)
needn't + didn't needto/didn'thaveto
(presentreference); wouldn't
havelo (tuturcreference)
The verb tense does not change in Reported can t could (prcsentreference)i
speech in the following situations: would be ableto (tuturereter-
ence)
mustn't { mustn't
verbis in anypresemor should t should
whentheintroductory the
i"i"rt-'r"".". e'g' "l've always.enioyed
shesays'
."rce anOquletot thecountryside"' 17 Turn the following sentencesinto Reported
enioYedlhe
In" .rtt that she has always speech without using any special introducto-
oeaceand quietot thecountryside' past' ry verbs.
in unreal
i"i"n tn" re;ortedsentenceis "OKchil-
,VO"2/3or wishese'g' "You mustn't miss the staff meeting,"the director
"""in,"^"'" Fathersaidto
li"n, ',=,,t"-tou '"ent to bed!" said.
we wentto
J"l i"ti", tori '" thatit wastime
"Youshouldbrushyourteethaftereverymeal,
bed.
sentence describesa nar- Kevin,"
thedentistsaid.
wnentnereported or
regulation'
ur"i onuno."non,a law or "Thelettermayarrivetomorrowmorning,Gary,"
exoressesdutyor a generaltruth'
li|ao iut", the
air.pollution"' Martinsaid.
".n. ""u"" thattactory
i"Ln", suii Theleachersaid "Youneedn'twaterthe plantsnow,Jane,"said
fumescauseait Pollution- Susan.
iGr-eec"i" ol ancienthistoryandtra-
" "ountry tourists The
Oitio",;,n" guide said to ihe is a 5 "Theymusthaveknownaboutthemeeting,"
t",o i-he tourists thal Greece Robert
said.
tradition'
countryot ancienthistoryand
"rlo"

20
 StoriesUnit3

18 Report the following sentences using the 2O Tr..tr this shorl text into Direct speech.
introductory verbs below.
Mark,Carly,Simonand myselfwereJree-camping on a
Lllft:(lnt, su!gr'\1.rlcnt',olJt'r, n'.lirst,trgtlt, uli,itr,
hillsidelast summer.lt was my first time camping,so I
rlologi.v,
asked Marknervouslywhetherhe had everslept in a tent
"No,I won'tcometo France before.He answeredthat he had, but that it had been a
withyou,Jenny!"said
long time ago, when he was campingon a beach in
Roy. Jamaica.ThenCarlycomplainedthat she couldn'tsleep
becausethe ground was too hard. Simon otferedto give
"You ought to see a doctor about your eyes,"Sid her his camping mattress,which Carly politelyaccepted.
saidto his mother.
2l Read the model below and a) fill in the gaps
again,l'lldropyoufromthe
"lfyoumisstraining with only one word, b) say whether the story
team!"saidthecoachto Bob. includes "flashback narration" and c) re-tell
the eventsof the story in chronological
"Sorryfor not phoningto confirmyour flight, l\ilr order.
Jones,"said the secretary.
She couldn't believe her
"Shallwe takea longwalk alongthe riverside?" eyeswhenshe looked
said Mary. 1 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . t. h
. .e. .m i r r o r .
Therewas not 2) .........
singlescar on her lace
"lt wasn'tme who spiltcofieeon the tablecloth,"
and she looked exactly
saidGreg.
t h e s a m e3 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
she had beJorethe terri-
7 "l'llcarrythebagforyou,"saidBeth. ble fire.
It had been almost
I "Yes,thatpaintingis lovely,"saidErica. two years since she
hadbeenwokenup in
themiddleofthenight
l9 Chung. the fbllowing dialogues into by the thick smoke
Reported speech using suitable introductory that4) ...........
herroom.Her
verbs and the exnressions below. memoriesof the rest ot the night were confused.She
couldrememberlittleuo to the aMul momentwhenshe
utt.l, al(l.i tr! ll ttLl, ltt rttt.st,crllni tt i ttg l ltt l. ltr t:l tt regained consciousnessin the hospital, and 5)
il'ttl on lo:a) lhtl sight of her reflectionin the window.
In the painfulmonthsthatfollowed,Tracy6) ............
a "l'll be going to the post office, lvlary," James said.
to endurethe hurtfulstares and whispersof strangers
"Do you need anything?"
when they saw the horri{icscars on her face. She had
"Yes,couldyou pleaseposta letterfor
visitednumerousburnsspecialists,
all ol 7) ................
me? I've been meaningto do so
shooktheirheadsandtoldhertherewas8) ...............
myselfbut I neverseemto havethe
theycoulddo. However,on the dayshemet Dr Martin
time,"Maryreplied.
andhe saidhe waswillingto performsurgery9) ..........
h e r f a c e , s h e c r i e d 1 0 ) . . . , . . . . . .j .o. y. .
b "ArevouOK,Grandma?" Denise The six seoarateooerationshad taken over twelve
asked.
monthsto completeand 11) .............. wasthreeweeks
"Ohdear,I teelverydizzy.I forgot
afterthe final one 12) .........-...... Dr Madininvitedher
to take mv medication this morn-
into his officeso that he 13) .................. removethe
ing, darling. What am I
bandages.A broad smile spread across her face as
going to do?" Grandma
she silentlylooked at the results.At last, she was star-
said.
ing 14) ........... the prettyface with the upturnednose
"lt's alright,don't worry.
and green eyes that she had become convincedshe
Just lie on the bed and restfor a while,l'll go and get
1 5 ). . . . . . . . . . . . .n
. .e. .v. e rs e ea g a i n .
it for vou at once." Denisesaid.

21
 Stories
by describingthe atmosphere.
b) by usingDirectspeech.
c) by describinga person.
o.) by usingDirectspeechto express
people'scomments.
e) by describingpeople'sfeelingsand
emotions.
0 by creatingmysteryor suspense.
It was a beautifulclearday when Brian,phillippa,.
Tom and Ruthset off on theircampingtrip.They i
were all bursting with excitementas Brian drove .,
his fathels jeep otf the main roadto join the nar- :
row track which led throughthe torest.
i promjsedto relurnthe animalto the forestwhen it
;
I
1 ing at them throughthe trees. _....,*,
Susanhad met Markthree years beforeat college.
i
t At first she had found him quite unpleasantand
t generallyavoidedhim. Shethoughthe was rather
1 arrogantand vain. The fact that he was a famous
I film star and very attractiveas well, left her quite
l
I
indifierent.First impressionscan be deceptive
though,and she soonchangedher opinionof him.
i
"lt's likethe Gardenol Eden!"said Dave,looking
throughhisbinoculars. The islandwasbeautiful,
a
tropicalparadisesurroundedby goldenbeaches
and a clearbluesea.Brightlycolouredbirdsflew
from one palm tree to another."Wouldn'tit be a
great idea to hire a boat and go acrossto explore
it?"Alexsuggested.
She gazedat the long whjtedress,thinkingthat
her lifewouldchangetomorrow.Shesmiledat the
thoughtthat the beautifulsitkweddinggown had
belongedto her grandmother.Her own mother'
had got marriedin it, and she felt proud to be
wearingit on her weddingday as well.Shewiped
a tear from her eye, thinkjngthat somedayshe
might even watch her own daughterwalk down
the aislein it.
Oncethe firewaslit,theyall sataroundit in silence,
eachone wonderingwhentheywouldbe rescued.
Nobody wanted to say anything, but everybody
knewthatduringtheirescapefromthe boatthey,d
left behindall lheirfood and water."l hooe some-
bodycomessoon,"said Maria.
I
He told his friendsthatthe vet saidthe youngfox
was going to be fjne. What's more, he had
recovered.Relievedto hearthe good news,they
all sal around the campfireto enjoy what they
thoughtwould be a peacefulevening.Litfledid
they knowthat a pairof red shinyeyeswas peer-
I
_ . , .
"Yes,it was me who ate the lastpieceof the cake,,'
the boy said.
a d m i t t e d T h eb o y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l.h. .e. . . . .
last piece of cake.
"l'll neverlieto you againl"he saidto his mother.
promised He............,..............,.....h . .i.s. . . .
motheragain.
"Whynottakethetrainto the towncentre?"shesaid.
s u g g e s t e ds h e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .t .o. .t .h,e. . . . . .
town centre,
"Stayawayfrom that dangerousman!" l\4other said
to us.
warned l \ , 4 o t h .e.r. . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . .f .r.o. m
......
thatdangerousman.
 StoriesUnit3
5 Thewomanaskedmethetime. ERROR CORRECTION
what "Couldyoutell.................................
?"
thewomanasked. 24 Cross out the unnecessary words in the sen-
6 "Have the childrenalreadygone to bed?" Father tences below. If a sentence is correct put a
sard. tick (/).
it Fatherasked
goneto bed. 1 Heaskedmewhere ft | putthepapers.
"Wouldyou likeanotherdrink?"she saidio him. 2 Sheaskedto herdaughter to cutherhair.
offered She...................... 3 He complainedthat the serviceat the shop was
drink. at/vful.
"Don't forget to post the letters,"Fionasaid to Mike. Merrylaskedfromherhusbandto pickup the chil-
reminded Fiona................... drenon hiswayhome.
the letters. He suggestedthai we should go to a different
restaurant.
B. Complete the sentencesusing the words
Anna told to me that she would be late for the
in bold.
meeting.
7 He saidthathe hadworkedthereyearsbefore.
8 Shedeniedol takingthe moneyfromthedrawer.
l've neverthought oJgoing to Hawaiion holiday.
occurred lt never................. to Hawaii
WORD FORMATION
on holiday.
I don't think he ever recoveredJromthat terrible
snocK,
I don'tthink he . Some common adiectives endin-y.e.g.grass -
that terrible
shock. grassy, rock- rocky, etc.
"Yes,it was me who brokethe window,"the boy . Mostadvelbsarelormedby adding -ly orallyto
said. adjectives.
e.g.clear - clearly, - {rantically,
frantic etc.
admitted Theboy............... . Presenl participlese.g.boring andpastpanici-
thewindow. plese.g.bored canbeused asadieclives. Present
Shesucceeded in finishing
theworkon time. participlesdescribe whator howsomebody or
managed She................................................the something is andpastparticiples describe how
workon time. 0eo0lefeel.
Theystartedhang-gliding lastyear.
took They.....................................|astyear.
Thefirstthingshe did whenshe got into her room
wasto puton herslippers. 25 Completethe following text with the correct
soon As ........................ derivativeof the word in bold. The first one
herroomsheput on herslippers. has beendone as an example.
"Let'sgo fishingthisweekend,"shesaid. The eveningbefore,Joyce had argued(0) ..rer bly...
suggestedshe .....................................
weekend. (tenible) with her childrenas she had arrivedhometo
"l muststayherefor at leastanotherhour,"he said. findthehouseextremely (1) ..............
(tidy).Now,witha
insisted He...................................................at
clearerhead,shewasfeeling(2) ....... .. (guiD aboutit
leastanotherhour. andwastryingto thinkof waysto makeit up to them.She
Theyenjoyedthewalkeventhoughit rained. decidedto cook a lovelymealas a specialtreat.When
despite Theyenjoyed thewalk .......................
shearrivedhome,shefoundit (3) ............. (mess) as
it rained. usual, but didn't say anythingand went upstairsto
1 0 "l'm sorrythat I causedyou such inconvenience,"change.Whenshe camebackdown halfan hourlater,
shesaidto us. shestoppedin (4) ........... (betiel.fhe livingroomwas
apologisedShe...................... (5) ..............
(surprise) tidyandthe kitchen(6) .............
suchinconvenience- (spolress)clean.'Whatdo you think?"she heardfrom
1 1 I'msurethatit wasJameswhotook my sunglasses. behindher,andturnedto seeher husbandand children
must James................. lookingat herwith(7) (beam)smileson their
my sungrasses. laces."Wethoughtyou'dbe (8) ... .. .. ...(please)to see
12 We'llleavewithouthimiJhe doesn'tarriveon time. that!"theysaid."Whydon'twe allgo outto dinneP"her
unless We'llleavewithouthim........................husbandsuggested ....(enthusiastic).
(9) ............. She
on time. lookedatthem(10)............ (loving)andtheyallsetout!
 DisastersE
Accidents

READING COMPREHENSION pointsout a contrast? IEf'l

describesan accidentwhichhap-
penedunderground? EE
Inexercise
articles
1 youhaveto reada number
orreports
onrelated
0fextracts
topicsandanswer
from
a number
mentionpoorercountries?
EN EN
ofouestions

First
orstatements.

read
theouestions
Gothrough
orstatemenls.
andlookfor'key'words
theextracts to Aroundthe world,peopleignoredangerson the roads
r
youanswer
help thequestions. and driveas if they believethat they could neverbe
llB: Wheneyer two answersarc rcquircdin one involvedin a trafficaccident.
Whetherridinga motorcycle
question,
tley canbegiyenin anyodel or drivinga car or lorry,manydon'tseemto careabout
satety.
Thenumberof roaddeathsis expectedto increasedra-
maticallyin the next twenty-liveyears, especiallyin
developingcountries.A recentreport by the World
HealthOrganisation pointsout that,in 1990,roadaccF
dentswereninthon thelistof causesof deathworldwide.
Readthe titles oi the extractsand guess what kind Sadly,the reportpredictsthat by ihe year2020theywill
of accidentsor disastersthey are about. be third on the list,and thereis fear that the situation
mightget evenworse.
You are going to read some information about @ NEW SCIENTISI

accidents and disasters. For questions l-15,

choose from the extracts (A-D). Some of the
extracts may be chosen more than once. A lew years ago, in the space oJ less than a year,
E
When more than one answer is required, Australiasuffereddrought,dust stormsand fires,while
these may be given in any order. The first Northand SouthAmericaweresubjectedto torrential
one has been done as an example. rain, rising sea levelsand widespreadflooding.The
MississippiRiverrosedangerously high,andCalifornians
Whicharticle(s): endujed a winterof unusuallyhigh tides and violent
storms.Ten thousandhomes were damagedor
refersto severalditferentcountries? EE destroyedin California, and farm lossestotalled hall a
refersto the 21stcentury?
EE bllliondollars.
Ecuadorand Peru were also hard hit. Thousandsof
areaboutroadsafety? EN EE Ecuadorians losttheirhomes,meaningthattheyhad no
choicebut to live in slums and shanty towns. In the
is aboutnaturaldisasters? EtI slums,bad sanitaryconditions turnedtheirwatera filthy
greenand diseasespreadrapidly.Ecuador,alreadya
sayssomeone'smistakecausedthe
disaster? EE poorcountry,lostcrops and propertyvaluedat 400 miF
liondollars.In Peru,tloodsandlandslidesleft600people
saysthat peoplein carsaresafer
thanpeopleon foot?
rilE dead.

saythat roadaccidents
continueto increase?
will
talksaboutpollutionand illness(es)?
refersto a memorialservice?
talksaboutmoneyand property
loss?
Er-t rE E
In August 1956,aftera fire in one of the pits, 265 people
rE chokedto deathin a matterof minutesin the mineoJBois
de Cazierat Marcinelle.Morethan half of the victimswere
EN immigrant workers, Accordingto the officialreport,the
accident had been caused by human error. The fire
EE started at eight o'clock in the morning and tragedy was
unavoidable becausethe great majorityof miners were

24
 DisastersE Accidentsi.iirr.r$

workingwithoutoxygenmasks,meaningthere was no
'
escape from the thick smoke filling the mine. . . ':
i ...r, r.i.: -
Consecutiveshifts of rescueworkersworked hard for t. L [.iul.i. r.t L,t, ,]:]
fifteendays, but tragicallyonly a small number of miners
E"s.S*glhl?{6ti"r,i ...ip.-,'.;'i
wererescued.
;t1'-4**l't.'i
Everyyearthe disasteris markedby a remembranceser- f .
vice at MarcinelleCemeteryin memoryof the victims of ! - .. ,e
the accident. ..] ,, Choo"" t*o of the four textsaboveand talk ji
- aboutthe disastersin termsof: type, cause, $.

@Lg] i, i;::3fivpesoraccidentsanddisas
$l
canininl ot whataretheirmain
The numberof roaddeathsand seriousinjuriesamong {
:"jn:I"'
car usershasfallenby twenty-three per cent in recent il
"ji' ir Doesyourcountryoftenexperience anyparti- fl
yearsthanksto the increaseduse of seatbelts.At the
ssame
a u | l utime,
u l | r c rthe number
L | | Un ofr sslight
u||rucru | | g r r r riniuries has
nlurrcs n a s |risen by
|sen u y lifty
tty
i culartypeof disaster? rii
per cent, which indicatesthat the number of road acci-
,, what shouldwe do to reducethe numberol i
dentsin generalis in fact going up. The mainreasonfor t
roadaccidents? n
the fall in road deathsin Britainis that more oeoDleare ' -i
' ' 'i fR? "- - -4st,
choosingto travelby car ratnertran ^'. *Ji.: "&
ing along busy roads.Becausepeoplein"v"riisi
cars are more
protectedfrom the force of any impact, they are lesslike- ::: ,ii i.;:i.Lri-,ic:i,a!:.--,.,:,i.rsr.,,rtirc ir;rt l'j i,li ;,ir: ir,qr
ly to be seriouslyinjuredthan people on foot. It seems, .ii,,l]:rl. -ror,,r.arl ri;.r.cr)i.
,.,tri::rri.:,.r:
I -,:::r; ,-.,,rf
then,that as long as driverscontinueto be careless,self- :..'l, u,'l,o,r:.,ir,],-e
r-: :r.er r..r:.:r!r,:r i ii:j e_r.rr:-r,-rir.
protectionis the key to survivingtoday's traffic.
1\FwsclFNrlsr
Jire.. rar acri.dcnl,Jlood. eartnqug!" __)
.t Look at the words in bold in the extlact:i ari:l
try to explain them. wd. br-Q mlch cdldz
$rihe crushinla drnn omla"de
-i) rLx* W(tu burn a.ilrqv
Choose the correct item. p"
slrEepat D hmke an&atrtl
nfiln) ruin s11n) shakl
The ...............
statementreported the survivalof fifty
people.
e.g. Thefire spread Euchly to the otherfloors.
A high B official C legal D top
2 Hisyachtand mansionhavebeen........at !6 million.
A valued B cost C orized D counted 5 Norl,'" i:li;tqr:-.:v{:rlt3 i: !'in.. :.i;: ir,;. ai;ore t,l fi1l in
'ri:lee.l,l;, ite ile i!,r r :-,._:.",:.::i:ir,i!-o t'epofts
S h e n e a r | y . , . . . . . . . .o. n
. . h e r s a n d w i c ha s s h e w a s i{:,'j-!i:j ,.ir,
or r,i.iriirr,s:r :rli;L
'.lr:
:l:'.t'hnit1'}]'e (rf acci"
eatingvery fast. rlflit ti i.r.ia;::!l':riii i:,': .,": :i::.:cr:ii-.el ilr ,:ach.
A suffocated B drowned C fainted D choked
The secretarycorrectedall the............in the com- "Many people and animals are known to have
outerorintout. d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a. .s. .t .h. e. yw e r ew . . . . . . . . . . a
. ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A errors B drawbacks C gaps D prints down streetswhich turned into faslflowing rivers."
Fodunately,
he sufferedno .....,...in the accident. "Thegroundbeganto s........................ violently. The
A wounds B pains C injuries D damages t o p s o f b u i l d i n g s e e m e dt o s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a. n . .d. . .
petrolhas .............
The use of unleaded tn recent t h e nt h e ys t a r t e d
t o c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a. .r.o. .u.n. du s . "
years.
" l t s . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . s. .o. .q. .u. i. c k l yt h a tw i t h i nm i n u t e s
A grownup B enlargedC increased D extended the building had turned into an inferno. Several
7 Peoplewho sufferfrom lung ..............
should not f l o o r sw e r ec o m p l e t e lby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .o. .u. t. . H ..elp
smoke. soon arrived, though, and the blaze was
A sickness B disease C illness D ill health p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .o.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . a . .t.t.e. .ra f e w h o u r s . "
 DisastersE Accidents

a BEGTNNtNG
Ituurnu,utottntl,injury, ltarm, damrlw, breakage summary of the event with reference1o the time
and the place it happened,as well as the people
involved
Motorcyclists
withouthelmetsrun the riskoJserious . ENDING
people'scommentson whathappened
T h e f i r ec a u s e ds o m u c h. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .t.o. .t.h. e h o u s e actionto be takenin the future
thatthe ownershad to haveit rebuilt.
I thinkthatit willbe hardfor Andyto recoverfromthe
o{ witnessingsuch a terribleaccident . BEGTNNtNG
yuulg 49e. set the scene describingweather,surroundings,
T h e s o l d i e rh a d a d e e p b u l l e t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i.n. . h. .i.s. peopleetc involvingyour senses
leg and was desperately callingout for help. use Djrectspeech
[,4iraculously. start wjth a dramaticsentencecreatingmystery
the collapsedroof did no serious _ start with a rhetoricalquestion
to the little gid who had been hiding referto yourfeelings,mood,etc.
u n d e rt h e b e d . . ENDING
Thesefragileitemsare insuredagainst use Directspeech
describepeople'sreactionsto the event
developedin the mainbody
referto people'sleelings/moods
crearemysreryor suspense

repair,ntre, heal,treat
1 Thecuton my knee.............
well, but l'vegot a scarnow.
2 Grandma'sremedyof hot tea and honeymanagedto
.................
my sorethroat.
Thedoctor...............
thepatient
forminorburnsandbruis
es.
Thecottageroofcollapsed duringtheearthquake, sothey
hadto .................
it.

A newly-builtmedical centre collapsedin last

night'shurricane.The [/ary RoseCentrein Pinner,
North London was completedonly two months
ago but is now onlya heapof concreteandtwisted
steel.

We enteredthe busyreslaurant at lunchtime.lt was

packedbut we soonfounda tableand sat down.lt
was so noisyand crowdedthatwe didn'tnoticethe
peculiarman sittingbehindus.

On a stormyday in September, Christopher lefthis .

hometownto go to universityjn anolhercity."Don't rr
-!
forget to call us when you get therel", his mum
shoutedas lhe lrain pulledawayfrom the platform. i

A 14-yearoldboy was rescuedtrom a ciiii tice-in

Hunstanton yesterday. The boy, Stephen
l\ilatthews,
had climbedup the cliffto lookat a bird,
but got trapped. He was saved by a rescueteam
whichmanagedto reachhim by helicopter.
 DisastersI AccidentsUnit4
'l
f; r';U in tire colrect preposition.
{ 5 Rescuers are continuingtheirsearchfor six men
, who have beenlostat sea.Yesterday morningat 1 LittleTommywas so afraid.........-.... the toy lion his
i 10:30 the cruiser Deep Blue sent out a distress
j grandmother gavehimthathis parentshadto get rid
r
signal to the coastguard and then disappeared
^;^h-l +^ +lr^ ^^^-+^,!4rn ^^n rl-r^h ni-4^^^^r^z.t,

i from the radar screensthirtv miles ofi the south- . . . . . _ . . . .i.t... .

i west coast of lreland. at schoolresulted
2 Claire'sbad behaviour
her beingexpelled.
Jane is terrified.........,.... dogs. When she was
young,she wouldalwayscling .............. her parents
,r s "Watchwhereyou'regoing, lady!",the man if therewereany around.
; shouted and quickly drove away. I held my The schoolchildrenwere restricted.............. the
ir umbrellatightly,steppedback,andwaitedfor the . playground,but some disobeyedthis rule.This led
) +r^+fi^ li^lrf +^ ^!a^h^^ C^h^ra^trr I l/^^r^r +tai- tr,^- l

goingto be a miserable
day. . . . . . . . . . . .t .h.e. mb e i n gs e v e r e lpy u n i s h e d .
l ' l l d e a l . . . . . . . . . . .i.t. .a s s o o n a s l f i n i s h t y p i n gt h e

.."f$\JorfwGs, report.

.with their definitions.

.] Everyonebreatheda sigh ol relietas the police\ i; f i1.{atchthe idioms
olficershandcuffed the man and led him awav.l{
couldn'tbelievewhathadjust happened. We iett I
the restaurant as soonas we couldafterour jew- .1
ellery-qldmoneyhadbeenreturnedto us. 1 I headfor a fall a, to workor try
extremely hard
2 breakone'sback b. to do sthwhichwill
/h Stevenwas takento the localhospitalwherehe resultin failure
i was found to be from
suffering shock. He later
said, 3 have/get one's fingers c. from a badsituation
I "l'll neverclimbanythingso highagainandl'll defi- burnt to onethatis worse
; nitelystayawayfrombirds'nestsin luture." d . the sameaccident/
lightning neverstrikes disasterwon't
in the sameplace to the sameperson
An investigation is currentlybeing carriedout to twice twice
discoverwhy the structureof the buildingwas so '.. ' i:
e. to sufferbecauseof
weak.Detailso1thiswillbe releasedin duecourse. out of the fryingpan doingsthwithoutfirst
,1
and intothefire considering the(usu
negative) results
*.
1d I lookedup at theclock.ltwas5p.m. Igatheredmy
i things, put on my coat and walkedto the lift. I Jelt t * fAt iI! the cor|ect 1'onn of the verbs in brack-
t tired and hungry,and ljust wanted to get home.
ets ancl idenli$ the types of conditionals.
I The doors of the lift openedand I steppedin. As it
.) was going down,it stoppedsuddenlyand the lights
went out. lt was stuck. "Why me?" I thought,as I 1 lf you .............. (go) to the party,you will
,r
i anorilvpressed
angrilyoressedthe
the alarm
alarmbutton..-*"-
button- see Andreathere.
2 l f | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (. .b.e. .).y. .o u ,l ' d t h i n k t w i c eb e f o r e
askingher.
3 l f h e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .( .n. o . .t.l.a. r r i v el )a t e ,h e w o u l d n ' t
I r BrianWilkins,who examinedthe wreck,said the : have missedthe orofessor'slecture.
I Deep Blue had been "an accidentwaitingto hap- : 4 l w o n ' i g o t o t h e d a n c eu n l e s sy o u . . . . . . . . . . . .(.b. .u. y )
i pen" and should not have been at sea. Rescuersj
me a new outfit.
i' are continuingtheir searchfor the six missing (do) his homework,
5 lf he ................
i crewmemoers.
he couldhave played with his friends.
6 lf he .............-.. ( h a v e )a c a r ,h e w o u l d
qet to work faster.
; Finally,afier a long trip, he arrived at Middleton
Station,tired and exhausted.He was glad that he
had made it there alive.

27
 Unit4 DisastersI Accidents

13 took at the picture | 6 fin in the correct form of the verbsin braek-
and. say what may/ ets and saywhat type of conditional each
uill happen to the sentencecontains.
man if he finds
gold. 1 lf you had Jollowedthe directionscorrectly,you
(notlget) lost.
e.g. A: If hefinds gold,
2 lf youshout,you .................... (wakeup)thebaby.
he'll becomerich.
3 lf the gas (detect)
boardworkers..............................
B: If he becornesrich,
he'll buy a car.
the leak,therewouldn'thavebeenan explosion.
4 lf the customer (torrow)the shop
assistant's advice,the dresswouldn'thaveshrunk.
5 lf the rescueoperationhadn't been carriedout
14 Look at the picture quickly,the residents of the building
and. say what might (notlbe saved)
(not)/ would (not) 6 Shouldyousmellsmoke,........................ (ca ) the
happen if the ice- firebrigade.
skater didn't fol- 7 11there hadn'tbeenthestrongwindsandheavyrain,
low a healthy diet. theship................ (notlcrash)
.......... ontotherocks.
8 lf they (notlstart)a massivecleanup
e.g. A: If shedidn'tfollnw operationimmediately, therewillbe seriousdamage
a healthl diet, she to sea-lifeand birds.
uouliln't befit. 9 Supposing (notlrcpair)
he ..................... theengine,
B: If sheweren't fit, wouldyou havefixedit yoursel?
shewouldn't be ableto practke on the rink. (be)a pilot,I wouldflyaround
10 lf | ..............................
theworld.
11 lf you (watcfi)the8:30news,you
15 took at the picture, wouldhaveknownaboutthe hurricane.
read the text and (see)her,lwouldn'thave
12 Evenif | ..........................
then say how the remembered to giveheryourmessage.
problems of Mr 13 lf he .............. (be paid)on time,he
Brown's d.aycould/ couldhaveDaidhisbills.
might haztebeen 14 lf shehadn'teatenso muchcake,she..................
aaoided. (notlbe)sicklastnight.
15 Supposing yourcar .............................
(be storer),
whatwouldyou do?
16 Theywon'tsignthecontract unless thelawyer.........
(ctreck)it first.

Mr Brownwokeup lateyesterday morning,so he leftthe

housein a hurry.As he wasspeedingdownthe road,he l7 Rewrite the following sentencesusing
didn'tseetherubbish inversion.
binlylnginthemiddleofthestreet.
He didn't havethe timeto avoidthe bin so he crashed
1 lf you shouldneedany help,ask Mr Benson.
into a tree. He sufferedshock.The ambulancewasn't
called immediately, so he arrivedat the hospitaltwo 2 lJyouhadtakentheshortcutthroughthetorest,you
hours later.The doctorswereon strike,so he didn't wouldhavesavedtime.
receiveimmediatetreatment.Finally,after a five-hour
delay,he arrivedat his otfjce.His bosswasveryangry lf Mary had checkedher tyres beforehand,she
withhim.
wouldhavenoticedthatthevweren'tsafe.
e.g. A: If Mr Brown hadn't woken up late yesterd,at 4 lf MrJohnsonwerehere,I wouldspeakto him.
morning, he wouldn't haae left the housezn a
hurry. lf Evan had wriften me a letter,I would have known
B: If ht hailn'tlcft thehouse
tn a hurry,hcuoulln't that he'd moved house.
hnaebeenspeedingdoumthe road,.

28
 DisastersI AccidentsUnh4

r8 Susan is a university student. Look at the 2O fru in the correct tense.

pictures and say what her wishes for the
future are as in the example: (notlintetrupt)me
1 | wish he ...........-..................
e.g. I wish I could,grafunte from uniaersity whileI'mtryingto makea point.
ner(tyear, 2 lt onlyyou (notlrcact)so rudely
to Mary'scommentat the meeting.
3 | wish Harriet............,.................
fioin) us on the
excursion thisweekend.
(be)moretactful.
4 lf onlyhe ..............................
(notlroryet)to
5 Lukewisheshe ..............................
turnotf thewaterheaterbeforehe left.
(buy) ticketsfor last
6 | wish | ..............................
night'srockconcert.

2l Fill in the correct tense.

ff only she (te ) me she was

goingaway.
2 (can)speakltalian.
I wish1..............................
3 I wish he (notlcome)with us. I
didn'tenjoymyselfat all.
HadI watched theweather iorecast, | .......................
(know)lhal it wasgoingto rain.
I wishwe (notlgo) to that party
lastnight;I'm exhausted!
6 | wishyou (pay)moreatteniionto
whatI'm saying.
7 Had he behavedbetter,he
(noflbe)expelled.
8 ......(notlclecicle)
lf only | ............,.........,..... to lake
overhis business.Nowit'stoo latel
9 (read)hismind;lwould
lf onlyI ....,,........................
knowwhalhe'sthinkingabout!
10 (notltark)
| wishshe.............................. aboutherself
allthetime.lt'sso boring!

22 Completethe sentencesusing the words in

bold.
1 He didn'tdo the experiment carefullyso he blewup
thelab.
19 Look at the pic-
blown lf he haddonethe experiment carefully,
ture and use the
up thelab.
prompts to talk
2 Sheisn'tcareful:sheofienmakesmistakes.
about the pris-
were lf she ................,.. notmake
oner's regrets.
mistakes so often.
never meet / 3 He atethefruitwithoutwashingit; nowhis stomach
John and his hurts.
gang washedHewishes
he
e.g. Frank uisheshehnd,neaernetJohn ond,hisgang. beforeeatingit; nowhis stomachhurts.
4 lt's a shamethatit rainedwhenwe wentfor our
a listen/ wife'sadvice d not rob/ bank picnic.
b not leave/ iob e not get/ 1o-year not lf onlyit ................ whenwe
c notjoin/ gang sentence wentfor our Dicnic.

29
 A '1
DtsnstersI Acctdents

5 She went Jishingin stormyweatherand her boat

sank. 0 A mysterious
B antique C elderly D odd
gone lf she .................... instormy 1 A unions B clubs C groups D societles
weather,her boatwouldn'thavesunk. A put B situated C founded D based
6 lt's a pity I don't havea compasswith me. A large B long C away D far
wish | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a. .c. .o. .m. .p. a s sw i t hm e . A saying B following C acmrding D due
A made B tried C done D happened
7 Thanksto the brave policemen,our house wasn't 6 A widely B thickly C extremely D lot
burgled. 7 A mlstake B truth C base D correctness
had | f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t h e b r a v e p o | oi c eAmgave
en, B passed C ofiered D promoted
our housewouldhavebeenburgled. A formed B found C made D did
'10 A real B exact C true D right
11 A o n B in Cto D onto
12 A made B teo C occurred D caused
13 A afiecting B concerningC iniuencing D questioning
14 A steady B put C set D fxed
t 5 A way B manner C reason D solution

r)!D e 7' \ i \ B .
In the fourthcentury
C. the Greek
- philosopher, Plato,
(:;\
wrote about a(n) (0)
'ac {Dl
,----- tc-. \ I
..4.. civilisationcalled
J Atlantis which he

(,Fri
claimed existed long
betore the ancient 1 The telephonewas disconnected due to the heavy
c i v i l i s e d( 1 ) . . . . o f t h e storm
olf Thelelephone
's,,)i1 l\4iddleEast or Egypt.
Atlantiswas thoughtto
have been a huge
storm.
You shouldreduceyour consumption
due to the heavy

of alcohol.
island(2) .... to the d o w n Y o us h o u l d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . .a. .l .c.o. .h. .o.l..
west ot Europewhich Shewas sucha lriendlypersonthat everybody
had an extremely likedher.
advancedcivilisation whoseempirestretchedas (3) .... so S h ew a s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . everybody
as Greeceand Egypt.However,(4) ....to Plato,the island likedher.
and ils peopledisappeared intothe oceanaround11,500 Lucyhasn'tfinishedtypingthe lettersyet.
yearsago as a resultof an enormousearthquake. is Lucy . . . , . . . . .t.h. .e l e t t e r s .
Since Platofirstwrote aboutAilanlis,many attempts l'd ratherstay in than go lo that noisyparty.
havebeen(5) ....tofind the island,all of whichhavebeen prefer I'd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .t.h. a
. .n. .
unsuccessful. As a result,it is now (6) .... believedthat go to that noisy party.
Platoinvenledthe placeand its people.In spiteoI this, It'ssucha pily Jameshas decidedto go abroad.
there are still those who think there might have been wish | ............................ to go abroad.
some (7) .... in what Platosaid.They believethat some "Youhid the photoon purposel"she saidto him.
Atlanteans escapedthe destruction of the islandand (8) of S h e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l h a n h ^ l ^
....on theirknowledgeto the Egyptians, who later(9) ..,. on purpose,
theirown advancedcivilisation. Thereis a possibility that Why didn'the tell us he wouldbe away?
these believersmight be (10) ...., as ancientEgyptian should He . he wouldbe away.
recordsreportlhal therewasa massivevolcaniceruption I won'tgo to the cinemaunlesshe comeswith me.
( 1 1 ) . . . . t h e G r e e ki s l a n do f T h i r ai n a b o u t 1 5 0 0B . C . come I won t go to the cinema
which(12) ....a numberof severeeafthquakes. with me.
The debate (13) .... the existenceof Atlantisseems 1 0 "Do you rememberher name?"he askedme.
(14) .... to continueuntil scientistsor archaeologists if He askedme her name.
settlethe argumentone (15) ....or another.In the mean- 1 1 Theydidn'tcall an ambulanceand now it'stoo late.
time, however,we can do nothingbut speculateabout called lf only ... an ambulance,
whata greatcivilisalion il may havebeen.
'i',i '
 Disasters€t Accidents
--: ::
Expertssay that earlier(8) . .. ... (warn) would
not haveprevented the damage,but stepsare now being
taken to reinforcemany of the (9) ....................., (dan"
:rl' .
age) areas in order to be better preparedshould such a
( 1 0 ) . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . (. p
. .o. .y. l e r )s t o r mh i ta g a i n .
0 Sixseven-year-old schoolchildren
had a {rightening
00 experienceat the city museumyesterdayaboutwhen
1 one ol the liftshas brokedown betweenthe lirst
2 and secondfloors.The schoolchildren they were
3 visitingto the museumwith theirteacher,Ann Watson.
4 Theywerebeingon theirwayto the secondfloorto see
5 the dinosaurexhibitionwhenthe lift began
6 to shakebeforeit comingto a completehalt.
7 Theircriesfor to helpwere heardby the
I curatorof the museum,lvlrHaroldEdwardson.
9 Firemenarrivedat the sceneof the accidentwithin
10 minutesand managedto freethe six youngsters.
11 MissAnnWatsonhad commentedafterwards:
12 "Thech\\d(en
we(e\erj b\a\e,e\ena\hOUgh
f\
13 was a terrifyingexperiencefor all them.,'Lit e
14 TommyBrownsaid:,,lnthe begrnntng we were
15 scaredol but aftera whilewe wereall okay.,,

rl:i '

The island of Madagascarwas in a state of total (O)

... :,r.rr'..,::.,
, ... (devastate)yesterdayafter Hurricane
Geraldawreckedmillionsof dollarsworth of land and
propertyover a two-dayperiod.
The islandwas lashedby (1) .,.............. (toftent) lain
and windsof up to 350 kilometres per hour (220miles
per hou4. Seventypeoplewerekilledand 5OO,OOO were
left (2) .................... (home). In the city of Toamasjna
alone,80,000peoplelosttheirhomes.
The main (3) ... .. . (commerce) port of the
island was almost destroyed and 70 per cent of the
i s l a n d ' sf a r m l a n dw a s c o m p l e t e l y( 4 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(tloocl). here were (S) (heartbrcak)
scenesas peoplereturnedto the (6) .. ........(ftai-
ten) ruinsthat were once their homes.
Hurricanes gatherspeedand strengthoverwater,and
Geraldatravelledover a large area of water before it hit
the islandof Madagascar.This is part of the reasonwhv
t h e s t o r ms t r u c ks o ( 7 ) . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . (. .s.e. .v. e
. .r e ) .
 Festiuals
E Celebrations
Fleadthroughthe textonceand thinkoJa suitable
titlelor it.
Guesswhetherthesestatements aretrue or false
then readquicklythroughthe textand see if your
guesseswerecorrrect.
lvlostDutchwomenwearnationalcostume.
A typicalEnglishbusinessman wearsa pinstriped
suit and a blackbowlerhat.
Traditional clothingcostsa lot o{ moneyin the
southof Germany.
When was the last time you wore your country's
natjonalcostume?These days il seems that national
costumesare not a part of everydaylife,and are only
worn for tourisls.In Holland,Jor example,the tourisl
organisation hiresyoungDutchwomento walkaroundin
traditionalpeasantclothing in the tulip fields between
Leiden and Haarlem,givingtourjststhe perfectchance
to stop and takephotos.
The idea that each countryhas a nationalcostume
comes from the early 1900s.At that time, the various
wayslhe peasantsdressedin each region beganto go
out of fashion. lt is this "old" style of dressingwhich
becamethe traditional costumethatwe knowtoday.
But sometimeswhat we imagineto be a country's
nationalcostume is influencedby stereotypeswhich
come{romold picturesandfilms,or are stillpromoledby
the touristindusiry.For instance,when one thinksof a
typical Englishbusinessman, one may picturea man
wearjnga pinstripedsuit and a bowlerhat,and carrying
an umbrella.In reality,one rarelyseesmen dressedlike
thisin Londontoday.Thatstereotypehassurvivedpartly
becauseEuropeansare stillwatchingTV serieslike lhe
Avengers,made in the 1960s,in which the main male
characterdresseslikea typicalCitygentleman.
S u c h mj s un d e r s t a n d i n g sa l s o o c c u r w h e n o n e
region'sdress is especiallyuniqueor colourful,so that
peopleautomatically assumethat it is the country'stradi-
tionalcostume.Some peoplethinkthe typicalSpaniard
dresses like a llamenco dancer. This image would
certainlyseem odd to the people in Spain. Another
nationalstereotypethat still existsin northernEuropean
humouris thatof the typicalFrenchman's clothes:black
berets,loosestripedshirtsand strings of onions round
their necks.Actually,this was the outfit worn by the
onion-sellers of the northcoastof Franceuntilthe begin-
ningol the 20thcentury,bul is not seenanywheretoday.
The Germansare dividedon the issue of national
costume.ln the north,they believethatkying to preserve
a nationalcostumeis ridiculous.In the south.however.
traditionalclothingis both expensiveand fashionable.
The departmentstoresthereeven havea separatesec-
tion which sells only Trcchten,or traditionalcostume.
They offeritemssuch as leathershorts,kneebreeches
decoratedwith coloudulpatterns,colladessjacketswith
bonebuttons,and greenfelt hats.Trachtenis something
you eitherloveor hate.
Whetheryou thinkthata nationalcostumeis important
or not, it is true that most oI us havedifferentideasabout
wha't the typical traditionalclothing of a country is.
Nowadays,becauseof Americaninfluence,mostyoung
people in Europe prefer wearingjeans and T-shirts.
Perhapsfuturegenerations will think that jeans and T-
shirtsarea nationalcostumebasedon European tradition
and notthe fashionstatement thevare meantto be.
1 ln the tulipJieldsbetweenLeidenand Haarlemit is
commonlo see
peasanlsworking.
Dutchwomenwearingtraditionalclothing.
Dutchpeasantswearingtraditional
clothing.
touriststakingpictures.
2 In the early1900sthe peasantsin eachregion
did not wantto wearmoremodernclothing.
had an in{luence on fashion.
graduallystoppedwearingclothingwhichlater
becamethe "nationalcostume".
all dressedin the samewav.
 Festiaals
I Celebrations
L;nrt5
Why doesthe writermentiona W programme?
A
B
to show how fashionsare created
to show how stereotypesare preserved $F'hi{i(rili$'
C to pointout the popularityof Englishprogrammes
n to give an exampleof a nationalcostume

The Germans
{r Talkabouta festivalin yourcountryin terms
A wear differentcostumesin the north and the
south. of:
B thinkall nationalcostumesare silly. timeot yea4 prepatations,the actualday,
C havedifferingopinionson nationalcostumes. peopre'steerrhgs
E selltheircostumesto othercountries.
B Compareand contrastthetypeof clothes
Departmentstores in the south of Germanysell
peopleweartodaywithwhattheyusedto
wear at the beginningof the century.
A inexpensive traditional
clolhing.
B costumesthatare popularall overGermany.
C fashionabletraditional clothes. FilX :ln the ge,.r,s!., +i iii:,; r-orleet adiecdves-
t! all types of clothesin separatedepartments. ,:t jron cau with z ri,ilrLi-
illre.n I'iriLri.r:of z.tsi:il.itj:tt1;t
ial neil:ri:rg,
Whatpointis the writerillustrating
by mentioning
jeans and T-shirts?
t ---- lY d'd'-U.c!l:!:Y. d'h'
A Thereare stillnationalcostumesin all countries.
E Everydayclothesmay eventuallybe considered
nationalcostumes. ,1ll| l. ll Tnn TowN FErn
C Fashionis influencedby traditional
costumes. Theannualfairin my town
E Jeansand T-shirtshavealwaysbeenpopular. in lrelandis alwaysa 1)
occasionand
one that I look forwardto.
I-cok at the ,r,.ortlsin boki iir t.\.- !r rir rir, r -,' The townspeoplespend
i.oexplain them. weeks preparing for the
big day. Brightly-coloureddecorationsand stream-
ers liven up all the buildings,and strings of 2)
Choosethe correct itern" lights are hung over the streetsto add a
touch of magic to the evening.
The old schooldoesn't.........any moretit was torn When the day arrives,the locals paradearound in
down in 1972. theirtraditionalcostumes.You can hearthe 3) ........
A remain B exist C be D stay musicthat the villagerslove10danceto,
drifting out of the pubs. Most taverns serve 4)
We were .........by the complicatedscheduleand
lrish food especiallypreparedfor the
endedup takingthe wrongbus.
occasion.Thingsbegin to liven up in the evening
A confused B mixed C troubledDirritaied when groupsof all ages performtraditionaldancesin
An accident.-.......
on this road nearlyeveryday. the squares,and the 5) streetsare filled
A results B takes part C causes D happens with peopledancing,singingand generallyhaving
an enjoyabletime.
Shedonatedseveral.........of clothinoto charitv.
A bits B particles C items D objects
S flli i" lihex1ar,s
r,.,it'r'r:
cusrom.lnahit.b€liet.
Thereis a special...........
in this departmentstore
whereholidaydecorations are sold.
1 l t i s a c o m m o n. . . . . . . . . , . . . .t .h. a
. .t b r e a k i n ga m i r r o r
A separation B part C sectionD field
bringsbad luck.
The bride was wearinga(n) ..........weddingdress 2 lt is the in Englandto give children
whichshe had designedand madeherself. chocolateeggs at Easter.
A unique B single C one D alone 3 Smokingis a veryunhealthy
 Festianls€t Celebrations

h.orLour,
t(Ikefai1, celebrata,
takeplace,
marh (an euent),hctld(a cerernonl)
use narration(presenttensesfor annualevents)
Frankand Bethare havingan eveningout in orderto (pasttensesIor past events);
Beth's35th birthday. includevariousadjectives and adverbsto
The Olympics everyfour years. makeyour narrationmoreinteresting:
3 He'straininghard becausehe wantsto referto the senses(sight,hearing,taste,smell,
in this yeais marathon. touch)to describethe atmosohere.
Presidents' Dayis the daywhenpeoplein the U,S.A.
the memoryol GeorgeWashingtonand
AbrahamLincoln.
T h e i rw e d d i n gr e c e p t i o n w a s , . . , . . , . . . . . . . . . .i.n. .t.h. .e
villagehall.
I n o r d e rt o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .t .h. e. .o. c. .c a s i o o
n f h i sr e t i r e - Visitorsto Rio de Janeiro during the month of
ment,Mr James'employersgavehim a gold watch. Februarycan enjoythe spectacleof its annualcar-
nival,the biggestand certainlythe liveliestin the
world. The streetsare filled with brightly-dresse
people,and it is impossiblenot to get caughtup in
the excitement.

It was hard to keep up with the man as he moved

quicklythroughthe noisycrowd.Peoplelinedboth
sidesol the streetas they watchedthe St Patrick's
Day parade. Proud Americansol lrish descent
marchedby, dressedin greenand canyingflagsas
they celebratedthe feast day of their patron saint.
"Quick,therehe is!"shoutedJessie,pointingahead.

In the evening the celebrationscontinued.The

soundof traditionalltalianmusicfilledthe air as the
peoplecrowdedintothe square,happilysingingand
dancing.Nobody could resistthe smell ot grilled
sausagescominglrom the nearbyrestaurants.

americasgreatestholidayindependenceday takes
placeon the 4th ofjuly on this day americanscele-
brate the day in 1776when the americancolonies
declaredthemselvesfree from british rule
preparationsbegin about a weekbeforethe actual
day red white and blue flagsare hung on public .......November,a ceremonyis held to remindus
buildingsandbannersare raisedall over the town .......the bravepeoplewho died in the wars.
as everyonewaitsanxiouslyfor the big paradeon Julie has been searching.........her lavouritejacket
the day of the eventspectatorsline the streetsthe all morning;she'sgot a job interview,......noonand
wantsto look smart.
thumpingsoundof drumscan be heard asthe
[.4ymothermakesa deliciousfruitpunchin the sum-
marchingband comesalongfirst followedby the boy m e rw h i c hi s a c o m b i n a t i o.n. . . . . a
. .p p l e o
, r a n g ea n d
scoutsandgirl scouls\rho marchwavingamerican l e m o nj u i c e .
flagspolice officersfirefightersand local officials .........midnightthe carnivalwas still going strong,
stride pastwhile the crowd cheersenthusiastically and people everywherewere dancing .........the
slreets.

5 My brother is going to enter a tennis tournament I2
..........September,in which he will be competing
........someof the bestplayersin the country.
6 Marygot so angryduringher argumentwith Simon
thatshe threwa glass..........
him.
7 The best speechescombine humour..........inter-
estingfacts.
I "Let'splaycatch,Sam!Throwthe ball ..........me."
I O Guess the meaning of the followine idioms.
then fill in the qaps in the sentencesbelow.
a) standon ceremony c) musicto ourears
b) the lifeandsoulof the d) theirSundaybest
pany
1 The people at the wedding were all dressed up in
When our boss announcedthat we could have two
days paid leave,it was
John is always
he tells funny jokes and amuseseveryone.
When the dinnerguestssat down she told them not
t o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a. .n. d
tl Turn the follorving sentencesinto the
passive.Omit the aqent where it is unnec-
essary.
Many people attendedthe musicfestival.
2 Thepartyorganisers
set offfireworks.
reggaebandswillplayCaribbean
3 Several music.
They have hired a ry star to open the Battleof
Flowers.
The localnewspaper
is publishingcolourphotosof
thecarnival.
Peoplesang the nationalanthemat the beginningof
the ceremony.
Spectators
hadto reserveseatsfor the paradewell
rnadvance.
I They had decoratedtheir house with balloonsand
streamers.
Festiaals€t CelebrationsUnit5
fitt in the gaps usinq "by" or "with" and
say why your choice is appropriate in each
case.
1 The dining-roomwas decorated............ the maids
............ colourful,exoticflowers.
2 The wedding cake made ............the chef was
flavoured............ vanilla.
3 The stallswill be filled............ handicrafts
donated
............ the localGirlScouts.
4 The eggs were coloured ............natural dyes
. . . . . . . . .t.h. .e l o c a lw o m e n .
'l
3 Tottt the following questions into the pas"
sive as in the examples.
e.g- what did they decorate the streetswith?
What were t re streels decorcted with?
Who hasprepared the tood fot the pady?
Who has the food tor the parly heen preparcd by?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1. . ; Who will makethe lanterns?
2 Whatdid theyfillthe cakewitht
. .t.o. .h. e
. .l.pt h e m s e l v e s _
3 Who is teachingthe childrentraditionaldances?
4 Who is going to open the festival?
5 What did they stuffthe turkey with?
{ 4 Rewrite the following sentencesin the passive
using personal and impersonal constructions.
The verbsbelieve,expect,ieel,know,report,say,
think. etc are used in the following passive pat-
terns in personaland impersonalconstructions.
e.g. They say that he stole the money.
- lt is said that he stole the money. (impersonal)
He ,'ssaid to haye stolen the money. (personal)
'| They expect 10,000people
to attendthe festival.
Theyhavereportedthatthisfestivalis the largestin
theworld.
The town council expects that the fair will raise
enoughmoneyfor the children'shospital.
4 They believethe festivalwas first celebratedin the 1ah
centurv.
5 Peoplesay the paradewas the best ever.
 Unit5 Festiaals€t Celebrations

| 5 Complete the following sentencesusing the e.g. Theyhave had the invitationsp nted.
words in bold.
1
1 Peoplebelievethatshe willwin tirstprize. 2
believed lt ......... win firstDrize. 3
2 Tom insistedthat Sue leaveimmediaiely. 4
made Tom.................... c
immediately.
6
He saw them hangingthe streamers.
seen T h e y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t h e s t r e a7 mers.
Fatherasked us to wash the car. I
had F a t h e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 thecar.
They made me performin front of a live audience.
was 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i n f r o n to f a .KEY'
liveaudience. WORD TRANSFORMATION
The gardeneris plantingsome rosebushes.
17 Complete the sentencesusing the words in
being S o m er o s eb u s h e s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bold. Use between two and five words, The
by the gardener.
first sentence has been done as an example,
It is thought that James has Ieftthe country.
have James................................................the
counrry. 1 Stan hasn't had a holidayfor a long time.
I had asked Stephento repairthe pipes. since lt's a long time since Stanhas had
repaired I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .b. .y. . . . . . a holiday.
Stephen. 2 They completed the task eventhough it was difficult.
We asked them to participate in the parade. c a r r i e d T h e y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .e. .v.e. .n. . . . . . .
asked They.................................intheparade. though it was difficult.
They say that he was an excellentchess player. 3 He will give us more instructions later.
been He ....................... g i v e n W e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........-...............
an excellent
cness prayer. instructions later.
4 When she was a child she spent her holidays
aDroao.
l 6 John and Susan are used W h e ns h ew a sa c h i l d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
organising their her holidaysabroad.
We managedto get ticketsfor the concert.
$'edding. Inok at
in We ............ ticketsfor
the following list
the concert.
of preparations
Sheilacontinuedtalking about the weather despite
and make /..
the boredlookson our taces.
sentences
as in the on Shei|a..................................thewe
example: despite the bored looks on our faces.
I'veneverbeento sucha beautifulweddingbefore.
time lt'sthe......................................
a beautifulwedding.
I likereadingmorethan watchingtelevjsion.
rather 1...........................
television.
o printinvi- . sendout invi- Her wardrobe is full of clothes.
sendflowers
tations tations many There are . wardrobe.
to hotel
. book recep- . arrange decorate
1 0 It was so cold that we couldn't go for a walk.
tion hall flowers too |twas...........-............................
receptionhall
. deliverJohn's . makewedding for a walk.
hirelimousine
sutt cake 1 1 We were very excited by the breathtakingscenery.
. makeSusan's a w a y W e w e r e . ...................................
dress breathtaking scenery.

36
 Festianls€t CelebrationsUntt5

N{ULllllPLi:l C.I{OICF CLOZE TF,XI rl?.Ro,TtoRF,tai"Irlll

f S For questiorls l-i 5. rcad the tex{ i}el{r'i..' t S Cross cur ,ihe-rrr:,necessary 'norcis.or put a
an<1decide l.hich -'voni (A. . l- (lr D) he$t ticih ("/) nerl. r.) .li.eci,i lect lines as in the
fits cach space. ?ire iii's:{ has been derne examples.
as an exarnple,
.i'' t THE FURRYDANCE
No one knows for certain how A,J,
*._oo
m a n yt i e s t a tsa k e( 0 ) . . . 8 . .i.n S p a i n . . 0 Althoughit is on the sameday as H< the feastof
but thereare more.than in almost 00 St Michaelthe Archangel, May8, the FurryDance,/
'\,t"x
any other country in the world. . t held in the Helston,on England'ssouthwesttip,
There is a story about somebody :i-. 'f!, was broughtto Brilain.
2 appearedbeforeChristianity
who oncetriedto (1) .....a listof all the
Spanish
h e yg
tthev
f i e s t a sb, u t g a v e( 2 ) . . . . .w h e n
o tttoo 3
oot
lwas seventeen
.ooo.
3.000.
and had just
.
'r
r<(+
f
' w,ti
' *
; t ' 4 ' F1r l TF..
3
4
5
In fact,this danceis one of the world'smostoldest
springfestivals. The name"Furry"may hascomefrom
Flora,the Romangoddessof flowers,or perhaps
(3) ......collegewhenI began
photographing fiestas in
"\. *-,' 1i:;$
,'' i 6
7
from the Celticwordfor "fair".The festivalit preserves
the importantaspectsof manyspringceremonies
Puertollano, my hometown,in from the distantpast.The Furry Danceceremonies
8
the (4) ..... 1960's.In those
days there were fewer fiestas 9 conslst of a seriesof processionswhich laststhe all day.
't0 Thefirstis a paradeof youngmen and women,
and peoplewere not as interested(5) .....them as they
are now. 11 be lollowedby one ol childrenand finallythereis
Some peopleeven consideredthem to be silly and 12 a procession of the prominent
citizensof wholethe area.
embarrassing. l, on the other (6) .....,lovedthem and 13 Led by a band,they go in and out of housesand
evennow,overtwentyyearslater,I am (7) .....fascinated 14 gardensand weaveon theirown waythroughthe streets
by fiestas. At diflerent times they have moved me to
15 of thetown,bringinga goodfortunewherever theypass.
laughter, tears,and pain.At a truefiesta,thereare no (8)
.....,only participants.Everyonefrom babiesto (9) .....
peopletake part,(10) .....behindeverydaylifeto act out \{{.rRD FORM;ITi{}N
their fantasies.No other event can do that, and I have
recordedthesespecial(l1) .....with my camera. 2O fitl in the correct $,orci cleriveclfrom the
Fiestasalso show how time (12) ..... and ideas .,vordsln boid. The tirst one has been done
change.In the 1980'smany were revisedor updated. as an ex;rm_ple.
Womenand childrendemandeda (13).....besidemen in ST PATRTCK'S
DaY
the Holy Week procession.The Bocio pilgrimagegrew
into a 72-hourround-the-clock party (14) ..... by moreMarch lTth is the day of the (0) celebrction (cele-
thana millionpeople.Thereare alsonewfiestas.Manyof btate) oI St Patrick. St Patrick is the patron saint of
them.inventedin our own time.couldbecomethe tradi- l r e l a n da, n d t h e o c c a s i o ni s c e l e b r a t e(d1 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
tionsof (15) .....generations. (enthusiastic) by lrish people all over the world.
InAmerican c i t i e sw i t ha l a r g el r i s h( 2 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0 A part B place C time D space (popurate),the day beginswith a paradethroughthe city
l Ado B make Cnx D Jorm centre,The most(3) ...,.............., (spectacle)sightis the
2 Aofi B through C up D out colour green,as it is the (4) (nation) colour
3 A run B abandonedC left D ddopped of lreland.Bands play (5) ................... (tradition)lrish
4 A hatf B central C medium D mid- songs, and people stream into restaurantsafterwards
5 Ain Bto C for D about wherethey eat cornedbeef sandwichesand drink lrish
6 A side B hand C end D place stouts and ales.
7 Ayet B however C still D akeady T h e m a i n ( 6 ) . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(.d. .e. c o r a t e )o f S t
8 A witnessesB viewers C spectators D audiences Patrick'sDay is the shamrock,which is alsothe naiional
I A ancient B antique C elder D old symbolof lreland.lt was made (7) ................ (fame)by
10 A leaving B falling C letting D getting St Patrick when he used its three leaves as a (8)
11 A minutes B instances C moments D frames ......(represent)of the HolyTrinity.
12 A travels B passes C goes D moves St Patrickis knownfor bringingChristianity to lreland,
13 A part B role C place D standard and March 17th gives the lrish an (9) - .
14 A visited B attended C presentedD done (oppodune)to displaytheir(10) .................,. (proud) in
15 A next B late C lollowing D ftJture theircountry.

3V
 Eatin Habits

READING COMPREHENSION fillsyouup andkeepsyou

lrom eatingtoo much? Etl
mayleadto weightgainif EX llN E[
ealenrnexcess/
Inexercise 1 youaregivena textwithsomewordsin
colour.These arethekeywordsonwhichthereis spe-
cificinformation
inthetext.Thewordsalsoaopear can helpto preventa dis-
a number oJcomDrehension 0uestions
above
andhavebeen easeoi the bones? EU
labelledwithletters.
maycausea typeof can-
Steps
. Fhst, cer? Etl
readthrough thelistofwords andquestions.
. Then skimthrough thetexttogetitsgist.
. Sp0tthewords incolour inthetextandreadtheir
helpyouto concentrate? Itrtl I[tl
context s0yougetalltherelevant
carefully inlor
mation. mayleadto heartproblems?mfl
o Finally, gothrough thequestionsandanswer them,
using
theletterswhichlabel thewords.
hasno nutritional
value? IHL]

Lookat thetitleof the textandsaywhatyouthinkit

is about.
Guesswhetherthefollowingstatements arelrue or
false,thenreadquicklythroughthetextandseeif
yourguesseswerecorrect.
a) Ghocolate makesus feeldepressed.
h) Sugarcausestoothdecay.
c, Cheeseandcreamarerichin calcium.
d) Teahelpsyousleepwell.

t You are goine to read an article about some

ciiflferent types of foocl and clrink. For
questions I-I3, choose frorn items A-F. Each
iteirr may be chosen more than once. There is
an cxample at the beginning (0).

A Chocolate a
B Sugar t
In ancientGreektimes,Epicuruslivedby the philosophy,
C Meat "Eat, drink and be merry, and let tomorrowtake care of
D CheeseandCream 1 itself!" Sadly, nowadaysour instinct to enjoy ourselves
has been replacedwith feelings ol guilt about what we
E Butter shouldor shouldn'teat. But just how damagingare all
F Coffeeand Tea those 'harmful' foods we find so tempting? Let's look
more closely at the good and bad sides ol some of our
Which type(s)of food or drink; favourites.
Chocolate containsmild stimulants which helo con-
is quicklyturned into energy?
EItrJ centration and boost the brain's level of serotonin, a
chemicalthat makesus feel good. Chocolateis also rich
can keep you awakeif consumed
late in the day?
EN EU in iron,magnesiumand potassium. On the down side, it
is high in fat and caloriesand can interruptsleep if eaten
in the evenings.
can improveyour mood? EE Sugar is convertedinto energy more quicklythan any

38
 EatingHabits
other food, so it is hard for the body to store it as fat.
Studieshave shown that it makes you feel full more
quickly,so you are lesslikelyto overeat.Eatingsugarat
breakfast time has beenshownto improveconcentration
and memoryin the morning.The bad newsis thatsugar
causestooth decay and containsno usefulnutrients.
is an importantfood as it is a major source of pro-
tein, vitamin B and essentialminerals.However,it also Readthetextagainandtalkaboutchocolate,
contributesa quarterof our daily fat intake.A high intake sugar,cheese,butterandcream,meatand
of red can leadto colon cancer,and beef is blamed coffeeor tea in termsof:
for CreutzfeldtJakobDisease,an illnesswhich affectsthe
brainsof humans. nut ents, cato es ancl waysthey atfect the
are rich in calciumand vitaminD, humansystem.
which help protectthe systemagainstosteoporosis, a
bone diseaseaffectinga third of all Europeanwomen Epicurus livedby thephilosophy,"Eat,drink
over 60. Unfortunately, is almostpuresaturated and be merryand let tomorrowtake care
tat,and is veryhighin calories.Eatingit is thoughtto lead of itself!" Do you agreewiththisidea?
to hardeningof the arteries,which is known to cause
heartattacksand strokes.
contain caffeine,which increases
alertness.Teacontainstanninandflavanoids whichhelp
preventheartdisease.On the otherhand,sincetheyare
stimulantsthey can interruptsleep and relaxationand
thereforeshouldn'tbe drunkin the evenings.
It seems,then, that we can feel free to enjoy all ol melon,red meat, oh.ueoi.l,appLes,chocolate,grapes,
thesetypesof food, keepingin mind that moderationis chichen,butter, milk, ice-cream,cheese,
fish, pears,
the key to good health.So eat small amountsof these chenies,nuts
foodsand forgetaboutfeelingguilty!

Theshop......the crackedvasewitha newone.

A replaced B changed C converted D exchanged
Eatingsweetsincreasesthe .....of sugarin your blood.
A level B phase C stage D rate
It is .........
thatyou followa balanceddiet in orderto
stay healthy.
A primary B basic C essentialD obligatory
He.,.......the professor'slectureto ask a question
aboutheartdisease.
A broke B finishedC interruptedD disconnected
She .........the heavytrafficfor her latearrival.
A accusedB blamed C charged D complained
The localcouncilis tryingto solvethe problems kiln, carton, bag, box, tub, Ioaues,bars, slices,packets
.........
ourarea.
A rising B causingC afiectingD contributing Pam: WhatshallI get fromthe supermarket, then?
l v l i l ki s . . . . . . . i. n. v i t a m i n as n d o r o t e i n s . Frank: Well,I needa 1) .............
of carrotsfor the soup
A plentv B welfoff C full D rich l'm goingto makeand a coupleof 2) ............of
bread.
 Unir6 EatingHabits

Rita: You'dbettergetaboutten3) ...................

of ham 8 Look at the list nf verbs describing ways of
anda 4) ..................
of milkbecause l'm making e a l i n ga n d d r i n k i n g a n d m a t c h r h i m w i t h t h e
spaghetticarbonarator the main course.Oh, different kinds of food and drink. Then. make
andtwo5) .............
of spaghetti.
Geta 6) ............ sentencesas in the example.
of margarine as well.
Pam: Do you want me to get anythinglor dessern
Frank: Yes - we'll needtwo 7) ........-........
of chocolate
and a 8) .................
of sugar.l'm goingto make
a chocolate cake. You'd better get a big 9) 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .o. .n. .h. o tt e a 5 ..................... yourfood
of chocolatesas well. l'll serve them 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6a p i.....................
|1 ona mint
with coffeeafterwards. 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . a d7r i n...............
k intoanapple
Pam: Alright-ls that it? l'll see you later,then. 4 -.....an ice-creamcone I .........................

e.g. I blew on m) hot tea beforeI dranh it.

6 Put each food into its correct category, then
make sentencesas in the example.
9 Match the idioms with their definitions.
aztocadoand,shrimp salad,
'ruit salad, steak
and chips,
ugetable soup,straubeny
i.ce-cream,applepie and,
bringhomethebacon withlotsof energy;
cu^stard,pr aun cochtail,
cherrycheesecake, grem
lively
salad,,chichm casserole,
oneman'smeatis b. to earnenough
anotherman'spoison money10suppon
fish and chips, roast beef
uith steamtd.aegetables, one'sfamily
Black Forestgateau, to biteott morc than to try to do too much
shepherd'spie onecanchew of sththatis too diffi-
cult
full ot beans d . notto believe thatsth
is completely true
to take sthwitha peopleneedspiritual
pinch of salt fulfilment as wellas
food
mancannotlive by f. sththatone person
breadalone likesmaynotbe liked
by another

e.g. Well, I'll haaea praun cochtailfor starters.Then,

I'll hauefish and rhipt Jor the nutin courte, lol-
to Fill in the gaps with the correct word(s)
from the list below.
loued b1strouberryire-rreomfor desserl.
hangour, staruing,full, foodpoi.soning,
ind,igestion
7 Look at the sentencesbelow describing table
mannersT . i c k ( / ) t h e o n e sd e s c r i b i n gg o o d
manners and put a cross (X) next to the ones I w a s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . w h e nl g o t h o m ea s
describingbad manners. I hadn'teatenall day.
Craiggot ... becausethe meat he
'| had eatenwas under-cooked.
smokingat thetable E 6 puttingyourelbows
2 usinga napkinEl on thetable E Gilliangot ...............
becauseshe
3 reachingacrossthe ate her food too quickly.
7 not startingto eat
4 I'm .................................. ; I couldn'teatanotherbite.
table l--l beforeeverybody is 5 He had a from all the
chewingwithyour servedfl alcoholhe had drunkthe previousnight.
mouthclosed n 8 wipingyourplatewith
puttingyourknifein breadE
yourmouth E 9 blowing yournoseI
40
 EatingHabits [Jnit6

I t Read the text belor.r,andfill in the ga1;sr'riih 6 Theygrowgrapesin France.

the correct word f.rrm ihe list. Grapes...............
7 Theneighbourscalledthep"ii;;.
Leftoaers, amount,boul,pkte, helping
ni,ghtcap, Thepolice
I Someone tookmyscissors.
Everytime I go to
Myscissors
my grandmoth-
er's she puts t,{, c,i{ ul.Jl-[s 4 - 6
FR.nPOSri'i{ti.t-trt1t,-rt..
a (1 ) . . . . . . . . 'irrr,(.:).
!'ilt ir 1herorrcct pr::p:.::r
in front of
. me with a B e a n sa r e r i c h . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
huge (2) protern.
My finalexamis ............
of food on it and 6 t hJ u n e. . . . . . . . . .1. .0.a m ;
tells me to eat it whetherl'm hungryor not. When I've then my summer holi-
f i n i s h e de a t i n g ,s h e g i v e sm e a n o t h e r( 3 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . days begin.
and sits with me to make sure leat it all. For dessert, Don't lorget to remind
s h eg i v e sm e a ( 4 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . .o. .t.r.i c ep u d d i n gw h i c hs h e L i z. . . . . . . . . . .h.e. .ra p p o i n t
has made speciallyfor me, and then beforeI leaveshe ment this afternoon- it's
wraps up all the (5) in tin foil so I can take tiveo'clock.
them with me. lf it is afternine o'clockshe insiststhat I 4 Oxygen combines
h a v ea g l a s so f h o m e m a d el i q u e u a r s a (6) ................. ..............
hydrogento
beforeleaving,by whichtime my stomachis so lull that lormwater.
l can hardlywalk! 5 I wasn'taware.............
thelactthatmy classwould
be visitingthe Historylvluseum today,so I had to
12 nitt in the correct preposition. miss out .............
the trip.
6 Thesouthcoastof Spainis popular............. British
1 Creamis high .......caloriesand is also associated holidaymakers because Britain is lacking ..............
.......heartdiseasewhenit is eatenin largeamounts. sunsnlne,
2 My fathersufiers.......high blood pressure,so he 7 Johnnie wasterrified .............
animals, so in orderto
hadto missout .......goingon the rollercoaster
when help him deal his
............. fear, his mother tookhim
we went to the funfair. to a psychiatrist.
3 lwasn't aware.......the fact that my bodywas lack-
ing .......ironuntilI got the resultsof my bloodtest. l 5 {-ilrde.iir.ethe corlcci 1t'o!{lls).
4 Shefoundit veryhardto deal .......the loss.......her
grandfatherafter he died. 1 "Go ahead.Help yourselfto somelanymorc lea."
5 Heavymetalmusicis very popular.......someoJmy 2 | need a good number oflsome bread to make my
friends,but I preferWhitneyHouston.......Metallica. sandwiches.
3 "Can I botrcw a couple ofla good deal ol eggs?I've
'l run out.and the shoosare shut."
3 fitri"h the second sentenceso that it has a
similar meaning to the first. 4 Pul a large numberoflplentyot creamon the cake.
5 There is a great deal otla great number of dishes to
1 | find Mathsdifficult. choosefrom on the menu.
Maths ................. 6 l've only been to that restauranta fewla littlelimes,
2 She used honeyto make the biscuits. but I likeit a lot.
7 fhete arc muchlseve/a/importedwines on the wine
s eeopL use scalesto weighthings. list.
S c a | e s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 "Wouldyou like lo lry a fewla littleapple pie? I made
4 I'm afraid l've got some bad news. it myself."
The news I ManylMuchpeoplewere killed in World War II.
5 They speak Germanin some parts of Switzerland. 10 The Smithsdidn't havea /argenumberoflmuch luck
German................ at the casino last night.

4I
 EatingHnbits
. . . . . . .P
. .a r i si n . . . . . , ,s, .p r i n gi s s a i dt o b e . . . . . . .u. .n i q u e
experience. Seeing.........Palaceof Versailles, .........
L o u v r ea n d o f c o u r s e . . . . . . . . ,w. .o r l d f a m o u sE i f f e l
This game is suitablefor the whole tamily;some- Tower,is .........mustfor any visitorto .........capital
bodyleverybodywill enjoy playingit. o f . . . . . . .F
. .r a n c e .
I haven't got anylsome pasta, so I can't make
lasagnetoday. Lasl year lhad .........worstexperience of my life.I
There'snolsomepoint in going to the beachwhen brokemy leg whilelwas rollerskatingin ......... Hyde
the weatheris so bad. P a r k a n d l h a d t o s t a y i n . . . . . . . .h. o s p i t afl o r t w o
4 fhete's anythinglnothing I can do to help Satty. weeks,Althoughmy parentsand my lriendsvisited
5 l'm so bored.There'sanythinglnothing to do here. me at .........hospitaleveryday, I stillfelt miserable
o The policemanaskedme what had happened,but I and bored.
couldn't help as I hadn't seen anythinglsomething. Whenmy cousinarrivedfrom ......... USA,he wanted
I've got some/noidea what'timeil is; my watch is to see as muchof .........Europeas possible.So we
oroKen. hired......... campervan and set offfrom ...._.... Dover
Tricia's parents don't let her go anywherelsome- a c r o s s. . . , . . ,E. n g l i s h
C h a n n eal n di n t o. . . . . . .F . .r a n c e .
r/here without her older brother. Aftercrossing.........Alps,we arrivedat .........Lake
o "Can I havesome/noneof your drink?" C o m o i n . . . . . . . .n. o r t ho f . . . . , , . . l.t.a l ya n d c o n t i n u e d
10 "Thisplaceis fullshall we go somewherelanywhere our journeyto .......... south.Fromtherewe went to
else?" . . . . . . . .G
. . r e e c ea n d h a d . . . . . . . .w. .o n d e r f ut lw o - w e e k
luriudy ar

A: So, whatshallwe do tonight?

B : L e t ' sg o t o . . . . . . .c. .i n e m aI.r e a di n . . . . . . .E . .v e n i n g
S t a rt h a t. . . . . . . n. .e wf i l ms h o w i n ga t . . . . . . . R
. . o x yi s
1 T h e j u m p e rw a s . . . . . . . . . .n. i. c et h a t l c o u l d n ' t r e s i s t verygood.
buyingit. A: But it's in ........French.isn'tit?I don't likeforeign
Therewere.......... lovelygiftsfor salein the shopthat films.
lcouldn'tdecidewhatto buy. B : O h . H o w a b o u t g o i n g t o . . . . . . . . .H a l f M o o n
It's .............
beauti{ula ringthat I don'twantto take T h e a t r eT ? h e r e ' s. . . . . . . .g. o o d p l a y o n b y . . . . . . . . .
it off. SamuelBecket.
Shegaveus ............. cleardirections thatwe had no
difficultylocatingthe office. .........Egypl is .........colourfulcountrywhich offers
. . . . . . .v. .a r i e t o
y f e x p e r i e n c eGs o . i n gd o w n. . . . . . .N . .i l e ,
A n nc o o k s. . . , . . . , .w
. ,e. l lt h a ts h ed e c i d e dt o o p e nh e r
w h i c hi s . . . . . . . l.o. n g e srt i v e ri n , . . . . . .w . . o r l d ,i s . . . . . . . . .
own restaurant.
thrillyou willneverforget.......... Pyramids, hugeand
He was carrying.......... heavyluggagethat he could
magnificent, will fill you with .........senseof wonder
hardlywalk.
a n d m y s t e r yA. n d , , . , . . .c. .a m e lr i d ei n . . . . . . . .S . .a h a r a
.........few peoplehad boughtticketsthat the play D e s e rw t i i lb e . . , . . . . .h. .i g h l i g hot l y o u rt r i p .
was cancelled.
I It was ............ rainyday thatwe stayedindoors.
o T h e r ew e r e , . . . . . . .l.o. t o f c a r si n t h e c a r p a r kt h a t I
couldn'tfind a placeto park.
1 0 T h e k i d s m a d e . . . . . . . . . .m . .e s st h a t i t t o o k m e t w o
hoursto cleanup.

.........breakfastis, accordingto doctors,.........most

importantmeal of .........day. lt should consistof
............ balanceoJ protein,carbohydrates and vila-
m i n s .. . . . . . . . .h. .e a l t h yb r e a k f a swt i l l g i v e y o u . . . . . . . . .
energyand vitalityyou needto survive..........hard
d a ya t . . . . . . . . .w. .o r k .
 EatingHabits Unit6
$9 riU in the appropriatequestiontag. gt trJcderline the correct word.

1 "PublictransDortis so unreliable." 1 No wonder she's so thin - she hardlyeats noth-

"Yes,thebusesareneveron time,.......................?" ifig/an!4hing.
2 "Lilyis so muchtallernowthanshewasthe lasttime 2 Thereis anyino milkleft in the fridge.
I sawher." 3 There'snowhere/somewhere I'd ratherbe on a cold
"Yes,she'sreatly grown,.........................?" day than sitiing in front ot a log fire.
Anyone/Someone is knockingat the door; can you
3 "ThedinnerTomcookedlastnightwasdelicious." 4
see who it is?
"Yes,he'sa really goodcook,...................
............?"
5 Therearen't no/anyshops open today; it's Sunday.
4 "l likethejacketSarah'swearing."
6 Thereis nothing/sornething wrongwiththe machine;
"Voc if'e rrpnr
it seemslo be workingfine.
5 "Thesky is verygrey." 7 lt smellslikesomething/anything is burning.
"Yes,it lookslikeit'sgoingto rain,.....-.................?"
8 Nlobody/Anybody could havesolvedthat problem;it
6 "l don'tfeellikestayingin tonight." was far too easy!
"Let's go to Pierro's
then,.....................................
?"
7 "Tonyis workingtoo hardat the moment." IR# Complete the texi by follor,r'ing the route on
"Yes,he seemsto betiredallthetime,.................?" the map and using the words given below.
8 "'l reallyenjoyedthe party lastnight."
"Yes,weallhada greattime,................................?" gd la, lup goittg,ttoalotr.g-lhc. lurn ri31tl,tross.
9 "Doyou knowhowio workthe photocopier?" Itthe.r:linlt. go doit'n
"No.Youcouldn't showme,..................................?"
(1) . . . . . . . . . . . H i g h S t r e e tu n t i ly o u c o m et o t h e
10 "l reallymissmy brother." Central Police Station. (2) the street
"Youhaven't seenhimfora longtime,................
?" and (3) ............. FenworthAvenue,until
you (4) ........................
a roundabout. At the roundabout
(5) . . . . - ...........
the first road on the right and
?O riU in the gapswith some,o!1-!or r!o"
(6) .. . . . . . untilyou see some stepson the left.
(7) ......................
thestepsand(8) .................-....
at the
Ritahadcometo Londonto lind work,but top, into LewesCrescent.My house is the third one
luckfindinga along,number27.
sofarshe'dhad(1)...............
job. Shedidn'thave(2) ..................
friends
in the city and she was begjnningto feel
lonely. A week had passed with (3)
...............
sign of work and Ritawas begin-
ning to wonderif therewas (4)
.:--- ...............point in stayingin
M London. She wason herway
Fj to thestationrofindout itthere
t')- were(5) .........-....
trainsleav-
ing that evening,when she saw (6)
peoplegatheredarounda man
lyingin the street."Arethere(7) ............
doctorsaround?",shoutedsomeone.As
Ritahadtrainedas a nurse,she offeredto
helpand gavethe manthe kissof life.He
soonregainedconsciousness andafterhe
and Ritahadchattedfor (8) ........... time.
he offeredher a job. Now Rita has (9)
.............
worriesat all- she'sthe
personalnurseto oneof the rich-
est men in London and she
doesn'thave(10)..............regrets
about not leavingthe city that day
Unit6 EatingHabits

23 Complete the letter by following the route WORD FORMATION

on the map and using theseryords;

tunt right, tnm left, on the right, get ofJ,

o.pposite,next to, ualh dotun Adjectives ending in -/ul show that the
sorVthing being described has or
that quality.
e.g. a painful injury ftndicatcspain)
DearAlison, Adjectives ending in -less show that the
that Derehand'I hatse son /thing being described does not have
I had"to write and tell 1ou uc are display that quality.
To relcbralc'
sttlltd inloout ncu houst''
linal'l',1
t;';i,i,ln"';';""'' 2\th
sorurda1
'ornins I'arDon e.g. a tastelessmeal (not tasty)

ii;t:i o:i:i" : "'l'iul'i'',oiit;,,

ry,ffii,i: 24 pitl in the correct form of the words in
';,i;1'{";';;';;;;l;y;:l::l,Y::;"/,f,nX',,,0,,
nnd (2) ;.
at StonpSttct'lStation
"" " brackets.
1 S m o k i n gi s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(.h. .a. m
. . ) t o o n e ' sh e a t t h .
\Iiroi I l;,;,;";,:;^'AlXi?n!::l::il:":"',
2 | thought it would hurt when
injectionbut it was actuallyquite.................
the doctorgaveme the
. (pain)
o u rh o u si 'c 3 T e d i s a v e r y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(. c. .a. .r.e ) d r i v e r ;h e h a s
\'ii,*.ul,
" i ,. . . . . . . " " i'''-ai"t'^'on'anrl
t0,(7)', " "; "'nrt"".!l)'"!f":,ro
c ,,0 ,,"0
caused many accidents.
4 Sarah'sjust returnedfrom a ............... (rest) holiday
I hobl m) dirPttiont
dt Ih?pnrl''t in Florida;she spenlher daysrelaxingat the beach.
fonuardio toiing1ou 5 Don'tbe afrajdof our dog - he's ............,... . (ham)
Lot t. 6 Thewomanwasvery......... (help);whenI askedher
fino and DtrPx for directions,she told me exactlyhow to get there.
7 l t i s . . . . . . . . . . . ............ . ( d o u bt h
t )a th e ' l lp a s st h e e x a m
as he hasn'trevisedat all.
I The .................. (care)secretarytypedaltthe letters
withoutmakingany mistakes
9 Jamieis a .................. (thought)personwho always
remembersmy birthday.
10 Her ................ ...(thought)remarkshurtmy feelings.

ERROR CORRECTION
25 Cross out the unnecessary rvord in each
sentence,

'| We
visitedthe Hawaiilastsummer.
2 Theteamof explorersmanagedto climbthe Everest.
3 He was put in the prisonfor theft.
4 The bank machineis out ol orderso I couldn'twith-
drawany no money.
Sam usuallygoesto work by a train but today he has
decidedto drive.
I'm not very fond of sports,but my brotherlovesthe
football.
ldon't haveno timeto go to the cinemawithyou.
8 Do you take a milk in your coffee?
I She didn't make it to the meeting on the time
becauseher train was delayed.
1 0 He likesto havedinnerat 7 o'clockbecausehe ooes
to the bed early.
 EatingHabits Unit6

OPEN CLOZE TEXT Therewas such a lot of wind that we couldn't sail.
much Therewas ...........
thatwe
26 For questions l-15, read the text below and couldn'tsail.
think of one word which best fits in each The day was so stormythat we decidedto stay in.
gap, The first one has been done as an such lt was ..................
thatwe
example. decidedto stay in.
The car was so exDensivethat he couldn't afiord it.
such lt was .....that he couldn't
atford it.
The food was so deliciousthat we ate it all.
such lt was .... that we ate it all.

.KEY'
WORD TRANSFORMATION
28 Complete the sentences using the words in
bold. Use two to firre words. The first one
has been done as an example.

Eating out (0) .nas.. become a popular form oI 1 She provedto be the best teacherwe had ever had.
entertainmentwhich (1) of us enjoy. since turned Shetumed out to be the best teacher
(2) .................
to othercountriescan be quiteexpensive, we had ever had.
dining (3) ethnic restaurantsis a cheap 2 She'd ratherhave Chinesethan Indianfood.
alternativethat offers you the (4) to sample prefers She........................-....................food
somethingditferent. 3 "l'm very sorry | caused all that trouble,"she said.
Ten yearsago, the only (5) .. ...........
of toreign a p o l o g i s e dS h e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a
cuisinethat was widely availablein Britainwas Chinese that trouble.
or Indian;today, however,we (6) ...................... a wide 4 The man rejectedmy offeroJhelp.
varietyto choose (7) rangingfrom hot and turned T h em a n . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
spicy Mexicanfood to (8) more delicate of help.
flavours of Japanese sushi. Furthermore,some ethnic 5 "l won'ttellyou whereshe is," he said.
restaurants now (9) ..................
otherformsof entertain- to He .....................w . . .h. e. .r.e.s. h ew a s .
ment (10) livemusicand traditional dancing. 6 She finally appeared after making us wait for two
A favouriterestaurantof mine is (11) .................. by an nours-
Ethiopianfamily.Inside,friendlywaiters(12) ................... turned Shefinally
deliciousdisheswhilemusiciansplaycheerfulEthiopian waitJortwo hours.
music.Towardsthe (13) .................... of the evening,the 7Thegamewasso excitingthatwe watchedit all.
same waiterschange (14) traditionalcostume such |twas.....................................-.thatw
and give short performances of energetic Ethiopian watchedit all.
dancingbeforeinviiingthe customersto (15) .................
II'm surehe lefthis brielcaseat the office.
in. This is just one exampleof the kind of entertainment
have He...................................hisbriefca
ethnic restaurantshaveto offer.
at the office.
I Althoughhe'sveryyoung,Markis an excellent driver.
27 Complete the sentences using the words in despite Markis an excellent driver
bold. Use two to five words. is veryyoung.
........
10 "Letme go to the party,please!"shesaidto me.
1 The ice-creamwas so deliciousthat I couldn'tresistit. begged She...........................................
such lt was ........that lcouldn't the party.
resistit. 11 Sheadvisedmeto reducethe numberoJcioarettes
2 There were so many people in the queue that I I smoke.
decided not to see the film. cut She advisedme to
such Therewere ...........
in the the numberof cigarettes
I smoke.
queuethat I decidednot to see the film.

45
 Crime
Lookat the titlebelowand guesswhatthe text is
about.
Guesswhetherthe tollowingquestionsare trueor
false,then readquicklythroughthe textand see il
your guesseswerecorrect.
KingSolomonwas well knownfor his wisdom.
The polygraphis usedto detecthiddendocuments.
The problemof distinguishing
betweenliesand
truthhas beensolved.
How can the truthbe discoverecl? ls therea reliableand if the personis - ::-:-a ihey can easilymisleadtheir
safeway to makesureothersare tellingthe truth?
Accordingto the slory, King Solomon, painor drugs,\,,,-:::^.., say maynot be true at all.
who was renownedJorhiswisdom,was oncefacedwith
two womenboth claimingto be the motherof the same
baby. He threatenedto cut the baby ln half in order to
settlethe disagreement. Thetruthwas revealedinstant-
ly whenthe realmotherofferedto giveup her babyralher
than see it die. Of course, interrogalorswho lack
Solomon'slegendary wisdomhaveto relyon othermeth-
ods to discoverthe truth.
In the past,the basictechniquesusedto
get prisonersto revealthe truth varied.They included
physicaltorture, depriving prisonersof sleep,making
them stand for hours with their arms stretchedabove
theirheads,and puttingthem in solitaryconfinement,a
praclicewhichis stillemployedtoday.
In moderntimesthe techniquescommonlyused cause
psychological ratherthan physicalsuffering.
Thesemeth-
ods may be effectivein makingprisonersor suspects
talk,but whenpeopleareforcedto confess,do theyalways
tellthe truth? Obviously,the problemol
distinguishingbetweenliesand truthremains.
Stresscreatesphystcatsymptomswhich
can be recordedwhentryingto decidewhethera person
is tellingthe truthor not.The deviceusedto recordthese
symptomsis called a lie-detectoror polygraph.lt is
widely used by policeand other agencies.lt indicate
whetherthe person questoned is being honest as it
recordschangesin the heartrate,blood pressureand
otherphysicaltactors durrngquestioning.
l\4ostpolygraphexpertsnof,'admt thatthe methodis not
pedect:even an innocentpersonwill leel under stress
whenfacedwitha seriousaccusation. As a result,a more
accuratetechniquehas beendeveloped.
Sincemoslpeoplewo! c ce guiltyof thisto someextent
the polygraphwill sno,.i some stress caused by the
denialof the truth.For r.ocent people,this will be the
higheststressthey s"c,., ,./hj e a murdererwill become
evenmore stressed,.,^erdenyinga questionabout his
o r h e r i n v o l v e m e n- :: - a - u r d e r .
Recently, it hasbe:- =-: .',- thatpeoplecan be trainedlo
tricklie-detecting n aa- ^.s Thefactremains
however,thatsor: :.:3 e makebetterliarsthanothers
Tl.e :as : .roblemwithall methodsis thal
queslioners, wh : ' :-. cersonis not in conlroldue to
Perhapstt'e aesfknownscientificmethod
r e l i e so n : ^ e ' a : : : h a t l y i n gc a u s e ss t r e s s .
The questc^s -e'nains;is therereallya fool- ,
proof wav :"^: .rgthe truth?
Withthis:e.^^ t.je. the personbeing ,
questionecs -s:rLcredto denyquestions
like"Befc'e'-a9:.did you everdo anything .
dishonest'-
Paiais nc .-3:. usedto makepeopletalk.
Evenclues <: oody language, tone of voice-
and eye contactcan be controlledby a
good deceiver.
One of the 3€s:-{nownand cleverest ,
solutionsviast^at usedby a king in ancient
l|mes.
B y b i t i n g : ^ e ': . i g u e s o r c o u n t i n g back-
wards,gur'} secclecan makethemselves
appearunder stress whenansweringinno-
centquesic^s. and thisoftenmakesthe
reSUlts anacc--a:e.
lf a prisone..:a. example,is madeto suffera
lot, it seemsc3r,ousthatfalseconfessions
may be give. -sl to satisfythe interrogator.
 CrimeUnit7

2 Look at the words in bold in the text and

try to explain them.
SPEAKERS'
3 Choose t}le correct item.

He decided to give ..........his life of crime and

becomea resoonsiblecitizen.
A off Bin C out Dup o Readthetoxtagainand compareand con-
2 Theresultsof theexperimentwillbe ......... trastpastand modernmethodsol questioning
it it is not peoplein termsof bchnrguesand eguipnenL
carriedoutverycarefully.
A inaccurate B impractical
C false D improper o Sometimes peopletell "whitelies"in embar-
Theboy.......... Haveyou everiold sucha
rassingsituations.
to havingbrokenthewindow.
A claimed B confessedC refusedD agreed lie?WhyMhynot?

I don'ithinkhewasbeing...........
whenhe saidthat
he hadbeenat homeall night.
A true B fair C honest D right 5 fitt ltt the gaps with words from the list below.
Howmanycriminals were...........
in therobbery?
A involvedB interferedC includedD participated
jury - prosecutor
- arrested- prison-
Thepolicemen weregivenspecial...........
fordealing conuirted etid,mce- tri,al- sentenced,
- -
withterroristactivity. - -
gang bars chargeduith
A coachingB practice C exercise D training
7 Atter monihsot investigation,
the truth was finally
When Tina Bowleswas 1)
A appeared B shown
by the policeand
C revealed D found
2) ......................
burglaryit
cameas a shockto the entire
4 Fill in the gaps with the correct prepositions. neighbourhood.Tina
Some may be used more than once. Bowles was a well-
respectedwoman
undcr- before- of - in - with - to .. ,; in her earlytorties.
Ar the 3)............
Theaccused is beingkept.............custodyuntilthe . the 4)
trialbegins. I presented an
Hewassentenced tenyearsin prisonfor
............... ' amazing amount
committing armedrobbery. 1.1 ...' of 5) .................
The policehaveplacedtwo men suspectedof the which convinced
kidnapping ................
arrest. everyoneof her guilt.lt was provedthat
I was shockedto hear that Mark was accused shewasa memberof a 6) ..........................
whichhad
..............
fraud. brokeninto the homesof manywealthypeopleand
5 He'sbeencharged......... a stolentheirvaluables.lt did not take long for the 7)
.(i,' ' crime he did notcommit. to cometo a decisionand Tinawas8)
.'.
Jz; o^ 6 The witness appeared to tenyearsin
and9) ..........................
\{^ /* courtandgavehis
.. ............ 10).............................
. TinaBowles is nowbehind11)
testimony. alongwith the othermembersof the
7 Theaccusedwaskept gang.Shehopesto be releasedsoon,as thiswasher
..........
handcutfs firsioffence.
throughout thetrial.
The case was brought
...............
thecourt.
I Whenihe juryreached notguilty,
a verdict-.............
the accusedbreatheda sighof reliet.

47
 Unlt7 Crime
6 Look at the pictures and make sentencesusing
must, can't, mctyot nigltt, as in the example,
e.g. The building must be on fire.
She may be trying to get to an exit.
7 Fill in the gaps rvith needn't/doit hazte to,
mustrt't, didn't need to/haae to or needn't haae.
1 You.....................
enterthisareawithoutoermission.
2 You..................
washtheclothes. l'lldo it tomorrow.
3 He .............................
giveme a lift,because
arrangedto go by taxi.
Thenoticesaysthatclubmembers ..................
the poolunattended.
Elaine..........................
cook dinneras she had
arrangedto go to an ltalianrestaurant withLisa.
pickme up afterschool.
You.............................
takethe bus.
You............................
sentme the package. lwas
goingto comeand collectit.
8 You...............-.............
droplitterinthepark.
I They...............................
buya cooker anda fridge
as theflattheyrentedwasfurnished.
1 0 | ......................
leaveyet.I'mnotflyinguntil3.00pm.
8 Look at the pictures and the prompts and
make sentences rlsing s/rotrld. ought to or could,
as in the exarnole.
not leaveI child unattended coverI socket
48
play I pool medicines I safe place
e.g. Children should not be left unaftended in the
kitchen.
The boy's mother should not have Ieft him unat-
tended as he could burn himself.
I Fill in the gaps with the correct prepositions.
1 I don'tknowwhy Davidcomplains............ hisjob. At
least he works ............
regular
timesand isn'ton call
likehis wife.
Susanyesterdayand she told me
lheard ............
dangerof losingherjob because
thatshe is ............
the number of employees in her office is being
lhad reduced.
When I saw the photos Bob's parents had taken
use him on his graduationday lcould see that
............
he was veryproud............ himself.
While Tom was............bars he learnedto care
............
animals,and now that he's been released
l'll he's studyingto becomea vel.
10 Guess the meaning of the following idioms,
then fill in the gaps in the sentencesbelow,
u: lhith ar lhitr, ' - 1t,tlit,tt, iLtilhmurder- o.irttt
t pe\ -,l,r,.lt.hltthlrt\',.;et a thieflo t:ak:ltt
d.oe\n.
The policetracked down the killerwith the help of a
convictedmurderer- as the sayinggoes,...............
"Theychargedme f40 for that terriblemeal!That's
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .!.". . . .
Keith and Jack are ..........;they
spend all their free time togetherand tell each other
eveMhing.
"Youshouldn'teventhink of stealingmoneylrom the
company;you should knowthat
That boy's parentsneverpunish him * they let him
 CrimeUnit7

11 Read the following sentences and write I 3 Uatch sentences(l-8) with the types of
which are formal (F) and which are letters below. Sugges(some more opening
informal (I). Then say: or closing phrases/sentencesfor each type
a) which sentencescan begin and which of letter.
can end a letter and b) the kind of letter
each sentence could be used in. 1 | trustyou will acceptthisadvice.
2 | am writingwithregardto youradvertisement in yester-
day's FinancialTimesfor the secretarialposition.
I am writingto informyou about a change in the
3 l'm so sorryfor what I did.
schedulingof coursesJorthe autumnterm.
4 So, that's what happenedat the party ... write back
2 Hope my advicehelps.Let me know how it went.
soon,
3 Iwould be honouredto attendthe receotionon 2l
August.
5 hopeto receive a refund.rssoonaspossible.
6 wasso upsetwhenI heardthesadnews.
Thanks so much for the thoughtfulgift that you
7 hopethatwe canarrange anothermeetingat a later
sent me when I was in hosoital.
oale.
I regretto iniorm you that your requestlor a loan
I Pleasesendme the detailsas soon €rsoossible.
has been refused.
I look forwardto meetingyou to discussemploy-
a lettergiving advice
ment Dossibilities.
b letterretusingan invitation
l'm writing to tell you all about my first week at
c letterexpressingsympathy
university.
d lettergiving news
l'm writingto ask you for adviceabout a problem
e letterof apology
l'm havingat school.
f letteraskingfor information
It's a real shame that you can't make it on
g letterof applicationfor a job
Saturday.
h letterof comolaint
1 0 We would be honouredby your presenceat the
ceremonv. 1 . . . . .2 . . . . . 3 . . . . . 4 . . . . . 5 . . . . . 6 . . . . .7 . . . . . 8 . . . . .

I 4 Mut.h the formal expressions in Table A

12 Uatch sentences(l-8) with the types of with the informal ones in Table B, Then say
letters below. Suggestsome more opening in which kind of letter they could be used.
phrases/ sentencesfor each typ€ of letter.

1 | am writing to ask you for a lavour.

2 | am facing a problemwhich I hope you might be 1 | am writingto apologisefor ...
ableto helDme with. 2 Shouldyouneedanyassistance...
3 | wish to thank you for the lovely gitt. 3 | amwritingto inquireaboul...
4 I'm writing to inviteyou to a party. 4 Youareinvitedto attend...
5 | am pleased to be able to assist you in your 5 | wishto thankyoulor ...
enouiriesabout ... your advice...
6 | lookloMardto receiving
6 | would liketo applyfor the positionof ...
7 | amwritingto inlormyouabout...
7 l'd be glad to come to the celebration...
I I want to expressmy strong dissatisfactionwith ...

a letterof complaint
b lettergiving information a l'm writingto inviteyou ...
c Ietterof request b l'm writingto letyou knowthat...
d letteraskingfor advice c lf you needanythingl'd be happyto ...
e letterof invitation d Sendme youradvicesoon.
I letteracceptingan invitation e l'm writingto sayhowsorry| am ...
s letterexpressingthanks f Thanksso muchlor...
h letteroJapplicationfor a job g Canyousendmesomeintormation about...

1 . . . . .2 . . . . . 3 . . . . . 4 . . . . . 5 . . . . . 6 . . . . . 7 . . . . . 8 . . . . .

49
 UnitI Crime
'fl 'i
5 Turn the t'ollowing phrases from lbrmal to ? Fili in the gaps with the corr.ectfbrm of the
int'ormalor lice lersa. 'ri'ords in brackets.

I I regretto informyou that ... 1 The children the tape recorder,caus-

2 | wouldbe delightedto attendthe wedding. ing it to break.(used)
3 Thisis what lfound out about... 2 H e r s o n i s v e r y . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . .h. e. . ;i s a l w a y st e l l i n g
4 | hopewe can get togethersomeothertime. lies.(honest)
5 | am writingto thankyou for yourthoughtfulgift. 3 Pleasedon't come over until 4 o'clock. lt will be
for me beforethen. (convenient)
4 T h e a n s w e rw a s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\.r.y. .h, ,i c hi s w h y
{6 Cross out the unnecessary words" she lost two points. (correctl
5 The athletesweretold that if they brokethe rulesof
t h e r a c e ,t h e yw o u l db e . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . .(.q. .u a l i t i e c l )
Dear Frederich, 6 Tom's remarkupsetJane.(sensitive)
Il''n lln Chn'lnqt
l'nruiting to tolll(1nuhau 7 The operatortold me that the numberI was calling
ttttl?
hal,du,,, haair,'cI hadhadrurh 0 gtc,ol hadbeen , . . . . . . . ... (. c o n n e c t e d )
"' '.kinl holt'lalk
ii'rt,'i, theltaohne on.a I lt is ................ t o u s e a n i m a l sf o r
uh;'h '1 lettlt
,lut',,'f,o'.""',oloi'n Annsbrnth "1 testingcosmetics.(humane)
ID 'nou+o"cre'l ntn'tnto'tr'l
i,ii"r, n "r*l*m
':;;;,',i',:;"';, 9 T h e i n f o r m a t i olnw a s g i v e nw a s. . . . . . . , . . . . . . .w. .h. ,i c h
qoingbo'Ato
',inl*" nnntttl :k;ns ltolot,t is why I wroteto the wrong company.(leading)
t0 tPlnxl uul ?!'n
noirl',, theo,u,r,.t'Ju
",li,i'l,l'i,i
'ii'i)i:',i't)'i iu'o* ' '.*!t".:t^':::"'.
nn,or
ci'i 'i''"'ngod pri',tP
'KEY'
WFSRll TRfr.{SF'0RMAT'ION
lor nnrchal'?
'iil,,l,i,i,l,,l,,, ;^t,.u,tnr.
butthlno*t"t
'il)"i' iii",,,,iik; n1at''t Bt {8 Cornpiete t&e selrences using the words io
bdn6
," i'i,,1' ' nlanot\ uett ,on bold. Use t'r'o :q fiye rr'o:ds.
",i," *a' I u'''
,oi' 'h'!tt| opto!siot''
a' trkc
ii""i
"'i 'o in th?tpsott:
,',"" ud*o"l lor\ allthcpeop,lc 1 Why didn'tyou tell me you werecoming?
"' l'tten er hodlf
th' ir't holido.l have Y o u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .y. o. .u. .w. .e. r ec o m i n g .
t,'ro"',tr1"'ua1
,i n'i'gooro;, y1'ho-d-ld
1i';gs"t'r' 2 Perhapstheywill come roundtonight.
a lo0gtell
,lffi ilir'rii,
ftm(0n0)l
up ll hotte
t m suti may They.................,.....................
')' [o lean ta skt
thante 3 You are forbiddento 'takeout librarybookswithout
"" 'osnnttd 1outpll ne all wur payingthe membership fee.
,r"r' "i
neu5. "t* not You.......................,............boo
Beslu$hes' payingthe membership fee.
J onalhan 4 Tim gave me some money even though it wasn't
necessary.
have Tim....................... a n ym o n e y .
5 I'm sure he didn'tknowthat I was leaving.
iTf]RI,i FORMATIOI{ have He...............................that1wa
6 lt wasthoughtlessot you not to inviteher to the party.
should You . . . . . . . . . . . . . .h. .e. .rt. o
the party.
Negative adjectives in English are often 7 Residentsare obligedto recycleboftles,cans and
formed with the prefix un- (unreliable) or newsoaoers.
with the suffix -less (meaningless) have Besidents .......bottles,
cansand newsoaDers.
Other prefixes commonly used to make I lt jsn't necessarylor us to book a table in advance.
negative forms are in- (intolerable), dis- need We.........................,................
(displeased) and mis- (misplaced.). In advance.
9 l'm sure Mikedidn't realisethat he had offendedyou.
realised Mike ............... that he had offendedVou.
NB: mis- is generally used in negatiae forms to '10 PerhapsPaul is
trying to contactyou from his office.
mean that something has been done wrong
be P a u l. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . y. .o. .u.f.r. o. mh i so f f i c e .
or bad.ly.
11 | wish you had explainedthe situationto me.
should You the situationto me.

50
 CrimeUnit7
1 2 Simonleft the waitera biggertip thanwas nec- ERROR CORRECTION
essary.
have Simon................ thewaiter 2O Look at the text below. Someof its lines
sucha bigtip. are correct, so put a tick (/) next to them.
1 3 Visitorsarenotallowedto feedthe animals. The others include an extra word which you
must Visitors ............... theanimals. must crossout. The first two lines have
1 4 You didn'tthankyourgrandmother for the lovely
gift. been done as examples.
yourgrandmother 0 lf youareworriedaboutburglary,whichin 1996/
ought You ........,.................
for the lovelygift. 00 costinsurance companies S(millions of poundsin
1 5 Examcandidates areobligedto followthe instruc- 1 compensation, thereis a goodnewsfor you.
tions. 2 A traditional securitysystem,withspeciallybuilt
have Examcandidates 3 securitydoorsand detectorsat eachonedoorand
the instructions. 4 wjndow,is veryexpensive to install.Technology,
5 though, wlllsoon makethe"intelligenthome"aspossible,
6 andthewholesystemit willbe included in theprice
OPEN CLOZE TEXT 7 of the house.Newhomeswill havebe builtwitha
8 specialelectronic systemwhichwillconnectup
1 9 Fill in eachgap with only one word. 9 lights,heating,securityandanythingelsethe owner
10 chooses.Thismeanslightscanto be programmed
S T E A L I N GG O E S U P I N 11 to turnon andoff automatically at settimes,making
SMOKE 12 it seem as if someone is at the home evenwhen
13 everyoneis out.Curtainscanalsobe openedand
14 closedby the computer,andall of intruderscanbe
Stopping '15 recordedby video camera,makingit possibleto
car protectyourselfandyourbelongings easily.
thieves
is (0)
...the...
idea behinda
new security system called Toad 10. lt is designed
t o m a k e c a r s ( 1 ) . . . . . . . . . . . i.m . p o s s i b l et o s t e a l . ( 2 )
a thief tries to break into a car or start (3)
without a key, a thick cloud of non-poi-
s o n o u ss m o k ei s r e l e a s e (d4 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . s. .e. .c o n d sT. h e
smoke, (5) quickly preventsthe thief from
(6) . ............... clearly,is also likelyto attracta great
(7) ..................... of attentionto the car. The inventors
of Toad 10 believethat it will be effective,partly (8)
to the Jactthat it was made with the help oi
former car thieves. The designers (9) ...-.........an
advert in a newspaper,invitinglormer car thievesto
come and put some anti{hettdevicesto the test.These
retiredthieves came (10) with enough
g o o d i d e a st o ( 1 1 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .t.h. .e. T o a d 1 0 v i r t u a l l y
f o o l p r o o fN. o t ( 1 2 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .d. o
. .e. sa s e c u r i t yc a m e r a
record the thief's face, but there's also a protective
screenfor windows,making it difficultto smash (13)
. T h i e v e sw h o a r e ( 1 4 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t. o ....
traditionalcar securitysystemswill haveno ideahow to
deal with this one. This should make them think (15)
before attemptinga theft.
 Sports€t llobbies
Lookat the titleand guesswhatthe text is about.
Guesswhetherthe followingstatements are true or
lalse,then quicklyreadthe textand see if your
guesseswerecorrect.
Fewspectators are attraciedto the Paralympic
Games.
The International Paralympic Committee do noi spon-
sor disabledathleles.
lvloreand moresportsare beingaddedto the
Paralvmoic Games.
Athletes,i{ they want to reachthe top of their chosen
sport,haveto trainhardfor hourseveryday.Theircom-
mitmentto the sport and their achievementscertainly
deservepraise.
"Wewantto be recognised just like
for our achievements,
any other top class athletes.We are not interestedin
hearinghow braveand wonderfulwe are," saVSlsabel.
Anotherdisabledathlete,ChrisHolmes,is a swimmerwith
gold,siiverand bronzemedalswon at the Paralympics.
Competitionamongswimmersis so fierce
that lhe differencebetweenthe recordtimesof the dis-
abled and able-bodiedin the so-metrefreestyleswim-
ming eventis only lour seconds.With resultslikethese,
more and more spectatorshave been attractedto the
Paralympic Games.
The opening ceremoniesand most of the wheelchair
basketballgameswereso d out ong beforethe startof
the AtlantaGames. This new interestis
especiallypleasingfor Bob Steadward,
presidentof the
International
ParalympicCommtiee, whose.job it is to
promotegreaterawarenessoi and moreparticipation in
the disabledversionof the Games.
" A sa r e s ui c ' : ' t e m o n e yw e h a d ,a n dt h e
moneywe receivedfron.ri.: IOC (lnternationai Olympic
Committee),we wereao e ic sponsormorethan 100ath-
Ietesirom 35 countries..,.J ..,oLrld otherwisenot have
had a chanceto come
l\,4ore and moresoo4) : .: - : - -. .tooedto LheParalympic
G a m e sa s t h e r a n g ec ' : - : : : : e t e s 's k i l l s a n d a b i l i t i e s
becomesknown Sa -l ^aa not been a Paralympic
sport belore, but Ar:':,'. Cassel, the captainof the
B r i t i s sha i i i n g
t e a n rh e : : : : : : b e n c l u d e dH. ew a sb o r n
withthe lowerparl oi r.:- - s egs missing,but he never
l e tt h i sg e t i n h i s w a y So far, there are
eventsfor the blind.amputees.and peoplewithcerebral
p a l s ya s w e l l a s , . { n . : : - a ' s p o r l s .A t l a n t ai s t h e f i r s t
G a m e st o i n c l u d em e n t a l l yd i s a b l e da t h l e t ecso m p e t i n g
in swimming,as we a: track and lield events.
l\ilanyof the athletes-".. s--ieredaccidentsand illness-
e s w h i c hw o u l db e e ^ a - : ^ : o m a k em o s to f u s w a n tt o
--:,
grveup. aie the ones who are catch-
i n g t h e p u b l i ce y e a ^ : - a j n a t i o nc, h a n g i n gp e o p l e ' s
p e r c e p t i o n so f u , . a : I : a c r l i t y " m e a n s a n d w h a t
extraordinaryabil:e: :-- sc-calJeddisabledactually
possess.
He stadedsa I ^g ,,,-en he waslen years
old and sincet1e^ -e has provenhimself
timeand time aca i Dywinningracesand
evenbreakingworld records.
Thisshowsthatc sas:edathletescan only
participate in a sra I rumberof events,and
are unlikelyto ta(: oil moresportsin the
nearluture.
Thisis truefor bc:^ ac e-bodiedathletes
likeCarlLewisc. - -iord Christie,and for
disabledathleies ,e sabelNewstead, who
carriedthe Unite. K::dom flag at the
B a r c e l o nPaa r a l y - 3c G a m e si n 1 9 9 2 .
He is blindand has :o counthis strokesto
judgewhenhe w, reachthe end of the
p o o l .b u tt h i so o e >- . : e s s e ' h' ]i ss p e e d .
"l wantedto ensurer dr developing
nalions had the opcortunityto sendath-
letesto Atlanta.saysSteadward.
.
 Sports€t HobbiesUnit8

Thisis quiteinteresting
it you bearIn mind SPEAKERS'
thatin manypastevents,ticketshadto be
givenawayto attractspectators.
"Wearedemonstratingourabilitiesin an
environment whereour disabilities
don't
count." . Readthroughthete)dagainandanswerthese
Buttheyarepushingbackthe barrlers ouestions:
which,untilrecently,keptthe disabledfrom a) Whatarethe Paralympic Gamesandwho
lakingpartin sports. takespartin them?
b) Howmanyandwhatkindof Paralympic
eventsarementioned in thete)d?
c) HowwereParalympic athleleshelpedto
2 Look at the words in bold and try to explain participate
in the Gamesby the IOC?
them.
. Howaredisabled/handicapped peopletreated
in oursociety?Talkaboutthis in termsof
3 Choose the correct item. education,mobility and employment.
Thedog wasso ..........
thateveryonewasafraidof it.
A tame B fierce C violent D wild
5 Fill in each gap with one of the prepositions
The ............
in the stadiumreallyenjoyedthe match. below.
A soectatorsB audiencec onlookersD viewers
Somepeoplelackthe ............
to excelat sport. into - of - up - in - rouruI- at - out of - betueen
- for -
A capabilityB suitability
C quality D ability
We usuallyplaya ............
of chessafiertea.

tp"
A game B set C sport D match
N o t h i n gc o u l dk e e ph i m . . . . . . . - . .t .a.k i n gp a r t i n t h e
game.
Aofi B outside C from D out of
out so we couldn'tget any
Thematchwas............
tickets.
A bought B given C put D sold

4 pilt in the gaps with words from the lisr.

P e l eu s e dt o p l a y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S. .a. n. t o sw
, h i c hi s a
famousBrazilian team.
Jrell, eunts - relay race - sportscentre- A huge crowd people watched the
tossed,a coin - trach eaents- scoreboard, chamDionshiD match.
3 Neitherteamwon;the gamefinished............ a draw.
WhenI looked
atthe ..-......-.....................,
I realised 4 I bought two iickets for the match
thatmyteamwaswinningby onepoint. Madridand Barcelona.
gamewilltakeplaceat thetown's
Thebasketball The exhaustedrunnercollapsed.............. the end of
the race.
One of the whichshe 6 | run ten laps................... the trackeveryday.
participatedin was the 1oo-metresprint. 7 The basketballplayerthrew the ball .-............. the
S h ee n j o y sa l l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . b
. .u. .t.h. e
. .r. . . . . . basket.
favourlteone is the highjump. 8 T h e yd i d n ' ts c o r ea g o a la s t h e b a l lb o u n c e d . . . . . . . . . . . .
The referee to decide the post.
whichteamwouldget the ballfirst. I The refereedeclaredthe ball ........... ..........
bounds.
Theylostthe .......... becausethe '10 Whenthe playerfouled,the refereeheld...........-.... a
third runnerdroppedthe batonand causeda delay. yellowcard.

53
 Unit8 Sports€t Hobbies

6 fitt in the conect preposition. 6 Exercisingkeeps you fit and healthy.Exercising

helpsyoulookyounger.
Readingto Londonto attend 7 Walkinglong distancescan be verytiring.Walking
1 Marytravelled.............
some interviewsas she was in search...............a longdistancescanbe beneficialto yourhealth.
new job. 8 Killingendangeredspeciesis illegal.peoplewon,t
2 In order to be able to protectyourself................ stophuntingthem.
attackers any difficulty,you should take 9 Largehousesareexpensive to buy.Theyareditficult
self-deiencelessons. to maintain.
Stephaniehas alwaysdreamed..-............ 't0 Travelling
by planeis verysafe.Travelling
becoming by plane
an internationalathlete,and now she has been told is expensive.
that she has a chance being chosen lor 11 My bossis verypolite.He is fair.
the Britishteam. 12 He had no experience. Theygavehimthejob.
I dreamt................ Alex last night,which is strange
becauseI haven'theard him for ages.
W e h e a r d. . . . . . . . . . . .m
9 filt i" eachgap *.ith either the infinitive or
. .y. b r o t h e rM a x . . . . . . . . . . . .t .h. e. -ing form of the verbsin brackets.
right moment;my motherwas beginningto get wor-
riedabouthim.

Match the idioms with their definitions.

1 in (orout o0 the race a to act in a fair,

honestway
2 fun andgames b to do sthwithout
helpfromothers,
3 playthe game depending on
oneself
4 playball c with(orwithout)the
hopeof winning
5 paddleone'sown d to agreewithsb so
canoe thatthingsgo
smoothly
e humorous tricks;
enjoyableactivities

8 Join the sentencesbelow in as many ways as

possible using the following linking words;

uhnt is rnore,in addition, moreozter,also,

I havealwaysenjoyed(1) (go) skiing,
furthermore, houeuer,on the other hand, so when I saw some people (2)
netertheless,but, uhereas
(snowboarcl), I decided(3)........................
(give)it alry.
e.g.He is friendly. He loses his patience quite often. It was moredifficult(4) (do) than I had
He is f endly but he loses his patience quite often. expected. At tirstlfoundthatlcouldnot(O) ..................
He is friendly; howeyel, he /oses f,is patience quite (keep)my balanceon a boardas easilyas on skis,and
often. it was almostimpossiblefor me (6)
(go) anydistancewithout (7) .........................(tail).I
1 She is clever.She is hard-working. hate(8) ........................
(tail)at anysport,so I continued
2 My grandfatheris very old. He is very forgetful. (9). . . ..........
(try,and| finaltymanaged (10)
3 The restaurantwas very expensiye.The food was (go) allthewaydowna slopewithoutan accident.It was
excellent. thenthat I realisedwhata greatsportit is, and now l,d
4 My sisteris good at languages.I'm good at sport. rather(11) (go) snowboarding than skiing
5 Parachutingis exciting.Golf is relaxing. anyoay.
54
 Sports€t HobbiesUnit8

10 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct Johnfoundit difficultto usethe Internet.
form of the infinitive or -ing form. difiicultyJohn ..............
Internet.
Markwisheshe hadgot a computerinsteadof a ry
Jorhis birthday.
rather Markwould
thana ry for his birthday.
Theydon'tlet peoplesmokein the auditorium.
allow Theydon't ...............
in
theauditorium.
TheyforcedJackto payhis debt.
made Jack.................... payhisdebt.
"l wantto knowwhyyou areso late,"Mothersaid
ro me.
(junp)fromtheaero-
AtfirstI wasafraid................... reason Motherwantedto know
planebut my instructorhelpedme so late.
(ovetcome)my teat. Youdon'tneedto wasteanymoretimeon this.
I suggested that she should............-.........(start) point There's no ............any
exercisingbut she told me she couldn't afford moretimeon this.
(join) a gym.
He intends (reave)earlyin the morning, OPEN CLOZE TEXT
afthough (wakeup) aI
thismeans...........................
5:30am.
12 Fill in eachgap with one word only,
f wouldprefer (have)my own business
ratherthan (work)for somebodyelse. Since(0).its..inven-
"Do you regret (turn down) his job tion in the late 1970's,
offer?""No, becausethe job involved the mountainbike (1)
(travel)abroada lot.' .........
become incredibly
He was made (reveal)tne nameof his popular. lts attractions
accomplice afterhe wasseen................... (leave) (2)........
obvious: moun-
the disusedfactorywithher. tainbikingcombines the
(go)somewhere
"Let's................... else.There'sno
point...................
(wait)fora tablein thisplace." excitement ol a fast
(larrdforhoursabouthistrip
Hewenton ................... theper
sport(3)....-......
to Africa and how he would always remember lect excuseto get (4)
(meet)a tribeof natives. ............
andreallyenioy
They were advised................... (take) plentyof the countryside.
warmclothing withthemto avoid................... (feer) Mountainbiking (s)
coldoncetheywereon the mountain. .....inventedin California
Sheloves (be) givengifts,and shewill in the 1970'sby people
neverforget (receive)a hugebouquet
of pinkroseson herlastbirthday. looking (6) ..............a newthrill.Theytooktraditional
.. (live)in a tropical
1 1 Keithisn'tusedto ................. cli- bicyclesand startedtryingto find waysof makingthem
mafe; he is often heard (comptain) strong(7).............
to takeofftheroadsandintothecoun-
aboutthe humidweatherandthe unbearable heat. tryside.At (8) . . ... ., mountainbikingwasonlya down-
12 Shewas advisedby her doctor .-................ (So) hillsport,but (9) ..-..........
the sportdeveloped, people
on a diet,so shehasstopped....................... (eat) beganmakingthebikeslighterandfittingthemwithmore
sweetsandchocolates. gears,allowing themto be riddenuphillas (10)........... .
Some environmentalists claim that carelesscyclists
tl Completethe sentencesusing the words in (11)............
destroying thecountryside, andwantto see
bold. thesportbanned. Thiscould (12) ...-.....
avoidedby cre-
Sharonlikessoltdrinksmorethancoffeeor tea. atingmarkedtracksfor the cycliststo use,and making
prefers Sharon .. coffeeor tea. (13)..- . . thattheydo notjustcycleanywhere. Then
"Canyou openthe doorfor me,please?" perhapsthe sportcouldcontinueto grow(14)
mind "Wouldyou afiectingthe numerous others(15) ..............
enjoythe
the doorfor me.olease?" outdoorsas well.
 Unit8 Sports&Hobbies

r3 Read phrases a-h. Which are formal and WORD FORMATION

which informal? Now, using the phrases, fill
in the missinq parts of the letters belory.

Many negative adjectives in English are

formed by doubling the first letter of the
a you couldrecommend word and placing an i before it, especially
b tell me whatyou think words beginning with l, r or m, (not respon-
c In case you can give me sible = i.rresFonsible, not legible = illegi.ble).
d possiblyadviseme
Root words beginning witl p usually form
e wouldliketo ask
negatives with the prefix irz (not polite =
I can'tmakeup my mind
inpoli.te, not precise = imPrecise).
g in advancefor your help
h I'd love to
I 4 fill in the correct form of the words in
brackets.
A
1 The man wastold that it was ...................
to oark his
'. car on double yellow lines.(legal)
DearDr Wilkiru' 2 Her daughterwas too ...................
to be allowedto
yar of nl U! y::':i::
I uma \tul?ntin thpthird stay at home on her own. (fesponsibre)
; ;; ; N,ry,""r.'@t; no'o
d;s,;
';;i;;'"";;'i;;'"i,;" ;^.
-: t":
;:;- t!::d
;;.;:;T
': #,",h'
3 His writingis completely
rcad lt. (legible)
. Nobodycan
i'::,"''i^
,ri;' ;";r',r,*'-"' i' ""' r, li:d,
"'p"i o'"!"Y!,r*::,';
n'
My brotheris twentyjivebut behaveslikea sixteen-
ri ili i,
iif#,"{l i "',,"i" " " ! :,',"'i
^,1,i''
i" year-old.He'svery
Bobis very
. (mature)
and hatesbeingkeptwaiting.
'ii"o)i'r,,"li,i,n
'' ':':: ': """ '1 degre.e onti.n.c? (patient)
:: a'"Pn''are ":*p:,(l) ;:;, ;,
tuto',uh" Theburglarsstolemy grandmother's watch,which,
: ,:':! ":::X,::,
t'
ii i'; i'it i-; issed Attm ^
';{^'#;;/;i,:ii;'1'1'1'",a;'s*ni'\^'-'l!:'!'I'i'"0
irl,"'
,i,, i li,, "l, ii' :J:,:':t-y because of its sentimental
value,is..................
(replaceable)
In myths and legends,if someoneis said to oe
means that they will live forever.
fontartl'to heaingfrom You' Yowsstncerell, (mortal)
Lyd'iaCoulq Theshapeof thevasewasvery...................
and it
wasdiificultto wrap.(rcgular)

ERROR CORRECTION
B
t5 Cross out the unnecessary word in each of
the sentencesbelorv.
Dear Sheila,
(1): '. '
I'm iust uriting nor John is not NeitherPeter good enoughto play
,[],"x,x,],ii,:ill,riJi::,!.oi::l,k,,i:'^,:i:::7,
advircon a prlblcn
l'm cricketfor England.
lou'nf ,r^, -" i,.,r /rasbcr
2 I detestplayingrugbyand so doesdetestmy brother.
ts lho,t.o.lncno '3
lrrout fn, Probhn Swimmingit is the form of exerciseI like best.
' {ii'"lil; [,!;;i::::":::.':,'";,
,1,' o,^ ,i,t,,,, ,i, We had not neitherthe time nor the patienceto listen
", ",, to him complaining aboutthe trainingschedule.
',1:.:lIl^ll#'",^ol:t,e::;';i"':ii";';io2t2t'',yi',s,,
',:;f,:;,:; t''
d" ;i '1.1i;it;;'zt 'rPatt)
The vegetables need to washing before you chop
;;';i; );; them.
6 He doesn't mind for coming to the mee ng on
Friday.
Lotsof Io'Le' I havebeen fishingall day long and so has been my
Pennl father.
They saw her to come out of the shop carryinga lot
of bags.

56
 Sports€t Hobbies
'.1-'
The engineof this car has to be servicedeverythree
months.
needs The engineof this car
everythreemonths.
She didn'tintendto tell us her secret.
i n t e n t i o n S h eh a d . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .u. s. .h. .e. .rs e c r e t .
Whetheryou like being l'd rathernot watch the late tilm on TV.
(0) ... (athlete) like I don'tfeel ....the late
and running around a film on ry.
track or prefer sitting It's possiblethat we will be given a testtomorrow.
indoors playing chess, might We.......................................-........
sports and hobbies romorrow.
nowadays are so (1) 1 0 Someonestolemy car radiowhileI was at work.
(vary) thal had 1........................................,..,......
there is something to I was at work.
suit everyone.The pace 1 1 Whenhe becomesan adult,he will be an artist.
of life today is so fasl grows W h e nh e . . . . . . . . . . .a. n
..
a n d ( 2 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(. s. .f./.e s s )t h a t b e i n g a b l e t o d o artist.
something(3) (/erax)is becomingmoreand
more important.Greater(4) (aware) ot Ihe
needto exercisehas led lo the huge (5) ......,
(grow) of the sports industry.But the (6)
(rmportant)of lessactivehobbies,suchas chessor even
stampcollecting,shouldnot be ignored.For some peo-
p l e ,m e n t a(l 7 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . .(.a. .c.l i v e )i s j u s ta s b e n e l i c i a ls
any physicalsport.Althoughpeopleare (8)
( i n c r c a s e )a w a r e o f t h e n e e d f o r ( 9 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(involve)in someform of recreation outsidetheirnormal
routine,the influenceof television and the growinguseof
home computersoften mean that people lack the (10)
(willing) lo lake up other interests.

Sheusedto be afraido{ heights,but as she became

^l.lar ch6 d^t ^v6r it

grown She............................................herfear
of heights.
My sistercan alwaysborrowmy clothesif she needs
them.
mind I don't.................. my clothes
if she needsthem.
John'sbusinessis stillbasedin Essex,isn'tit?
works J o h ns t i l l. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
he?
I wish I hadn'tmovedintothis flat.
regret L.................................................thisf|at.
Thereare only a few biscuitsleftin the jar.
many T h e r ea r e . . . . . . . . . . . i.n. . .
the jar.
 Earth:SOS
READING COMPREHENSION

Guesswhetherthe followingstatementsare true or

false,then read through the text quicklyto see if
your guesseswere correct.
Recycledcar headlightscan be used to make
wtndows.
b) Carpetscan be made from recycledplastic.
c) There is a lot of waste producedin recyclingmetal.
d) The Japaneseuse Americanscrap metalto make

You are goin{ to read an article about

recycling. For questions l-10 choosefrom the
materials (A-D). There is an example at the
beginning (0).

Recyclingis a very important subject, and one that is

Accordinglo the text, which material:
is strongerthan glass?
is the leastdifficultto recycle?
costs lessto recyclethan to replace?
can be used to make roads?
can be recycleda great number of times?
can be used in farming?
is sentto anothercountryand boughtback?
has been made into a productwhich
attractspeople becauseit is recycled?
is the most difficultto recycle?
does not haveto be changedto be used
again?
can eventuallybe used to produce power?
becomingmoreso alltEfne. As we all know, it reduces
waste and is good h. tt|e environment.But what do
recycling centres do with f|€ things we throw away? |
found out some very interestinginformation.
Recyclingpaper t|as b€en the biggest success. In
1990,in the USA,moretl'lan20 milliontons of paperwere
qE recycled and turned into tirthday cards, cereal boxes,
and hundreds of otller things. Paper is the easiest
EI materialto recycle and. as David Dougherty of C/ean
Washingtonsaid, "You can use it six times over, then
Etl burn what's left to crede en€rgry.'
Wisconsin cow tdrrs G€orge plenty had the most
EN interestinguse for recyded paper: he uses it insteadof
straw in his bam. 'tt's ctpaper than straw,"he said, "but
rt] evenif the pricewerethe same,I wouldn'tgo back."
Plastic is the hardest material to recycle, because
EI there are so many differentkinds,all of which needto be
qn treated differently.At the moment, only two per cent of
the plasticused in the US is recycled.But is does haveits
uses: one company uses plastic lrom recycled car
EI headlights to make windows. In some ways they are
better than normal windows, because they are much
harderto break.Anothercompany,lmage Cal'pets,uses
rl plasticto make carpets and rugs. A comment made by
rn the managershowedus how attitudes towardsrecycling
have changed."We worried that people might refuseto
buy the carpets if they knew they were recycled,"said
salesManager,John Richmeier."Now we advertisethe
EN fact as a marketing strategy."

58
 Earth:SOS

is anotherimportantmaterial.lt is easierto recy-

cle an aluminiumcan than to makea new one. lt is also
20 per cent cheaper,and uses only 5 per cent of the
energythatmakinga newcan woulduse.So manyof the
thingswe use are madeof metal,and can all be reused
aftertheystopworking.Recyclingcar parts,for example,
is a big business.Thereis alsovery littlewasteinvolved
in recyclingmetal.Steelis 100 per cent recyclable, and
can be recycled hundreds of times. Recycling steel is Readthroughthe text again and talk about
cheaperthan mining it. A lot of America'sscrapmetalis the waysin whichthe materialsmentioned
taken by the Japanese,recycled,and eventuallysold can be used afterthe recyclingprocess.
backto Americaas new cars.
20 per cent of America's is recycled,and used do to protect
Whatelsecan we as individuals
lor a numberof things.For example,it can be mixedwith the environment?
asphaltor cemenland usedto pavestreets.lt can also
be melteddownand usedto makenewbottles.However,
unlikethe othermaterials, glasscan alsobe reusedcom-
merciallyin its originalform; many types of bottlesare
returned to bottling plants, sterilised and refilled.
Recyclingand reusingglassis actuallya hugeworldwide
business,with bottle banks appearingeverywhere.
So remember,think beforeyou throwlhings away -
theymaystillbe useful.lf we all makean effortto recycle, -
rcmet- sola,r- e.strononlers - -
Planet m.ete7rs
we can makethe planeta cleanerplaceto live. gaktxl - conste
llutians

1 T h ed r i v e rs w i t c h e d . .s. i t w a s g e t t i n g
o n t h e . . . . . . . . .a
oarK.
A aedd B bumperC headlightso windscreen wipers
b y t h e r i v e ri s . . . . . . . . . .w
T h e{ o o t p a t h . . t. h c o n c r e t e .
A made B paved C producedD done
G r e g. . . . . . . . . . . t. o. . p
. a yl o r t h e m e a la s i t w a st o o d i s -
gustingto eat.
A refused B denied C claimed D oroppeo
O u r( 1 ) . . . , . , . , . . . . . . E . .r,t hi,s p a r to i a ( n )( 2 )
. .a
Wood and concreteare just two oI the c a l l e dt h e M i l k yw a y . o u r ( 3 ) . . . . . . . . . . . .s. .y. s. t e mh a sn i n e
usedin the construction industry.
majorplanets,but Earthis the only one whichcan sup-
A labrics B matters C ingredients D materials
port lile.Of these planets,l\4ercury is the nearestto the
T h e . . . . . . . . . . . .m. .e. t a dl e a l e rw e n ta r o u n dt h e h o u s e s sun,whichalso makesit the hottest.Plutowas only dis-
collectingbrokenmachinesthat peopledidn'twant coveredin 1930,so it is still a fairly 'young' planetin
any more. termsof science.Peoplewho studythe starsor groups
A remnant B leftover C scrap D waste
o f s l a r s , k n o w n a s ( 4 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a. .r.e, c a l l e d ( 5 )
B i gp o s l e r s. . . . . . . . . . .a. .l.lo. v e rt h ec i t yu r g i n gp e p l et o . Since ancienttimes, many people have
drive more carefully. enjoyed star-gazing,and it used to be thought thal
A appearedB lifted C raised D introduced s h o o t i n gs t a r so r ( 6 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., .a. .s.t.h. e ya r eo t h e r -
7 We took all the empty bottles to the recycling w i s ek n o w n ,w e r eb a d o m e n s W . h e na ( n )( 7 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(a with a 'lail" whichtravelsroundthe sun)
. . . . . . . . . . . a. .f.t.e rt h e p a r t y . brighlobject
A shop B centre C induslry D market appeared,it was saidto bringwith it a periodof change.
 Unit9 Earth:SOS

5 Label the different parts of the animals with TheRSPCA is fighting.........

therightsof animatsin
the words from the list below. orderto protect them....-....
cruelty.
Ourdog seemsto understand we say -
everything
whiskers,
coat,hide,trunh,pau, hoof,nutne,tusk,ern, ............
a sense,he'salmosthuman!
foot, tail, fur
8 PREPOSITION CHECK ON UNITS 7 - 9

Fill in the gapswith the correct prepositions.

Kathycares...........hersonverymuchandis proud
...........
himforhaving founda jobso soonafterleav-
inguniversity.
"Didyou hear........... what happened to Michael
whenhe wenton safarilastmonth?He fell out of a
treewhilehe wastryingto takea photo........... an
aoe.
I haven'theard........... Jamessincehe was out
...........
barsforstealing a car.
Keithsutfers.-.......low bloodpressure, whichpre-
playing
ventshim........... tootball.
Chlldren aredependent theirparents,
......... whoare
responsible for protectingthem...........
anyharm.
Anneis alwaysmoving........... oneplaceto another
searchof a quietareato livein.
...........
My teacherbelieves that I havea chance...........
passing the exam...........
anyditticulty as longas I
studyhard.
Brianenjoyswalkingalongthecoastline.......... any
6 Match the animals with the sound they make.
weather.
Manywildanimals arethreatened ...........
extinction,
becausenot enoughis beingdoneto protectthem
...........
ruthless hunters.
llionlahiss 1 0 Busesin thisarearun........... regulartimes.
2snakelbroa,
3 wolf I c miaow 9 Grres" the meaning of the following idioms,
4mouseldhowl then fill in the gaps.
scatlesqueak
6 cow I f bleat lh(.salt 0t'th?nrth .fiomal.lcannrsol'theeaflh.
7 dog I gmoo a drol: in the orctn Lite off thela.t,o/ thal.anll
Ssheeplhbark wipedofl tltet'uct of the earth

1 . . . . . 2 . . . . . 3 . . . . . 4 . . . . . 5 . . . . . 6 . . . . .7 . . . . . 8 . . . . . Philiphas neverworked a day in his life;he chooses

to ......................... . a n d h a v eh i s
7 fitt in the gaps with the correct prepositions, richfathergivehim eveMhing.
T h e d o d o w a s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .b. y. . . .
1 A law has been passedto preventhunters............ huntersat the end of the seventeenthcentury.
killing any more tigers becausethey are threatened P e o p l e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a t t e n d e tdh e
. . . . . . . . .e
. .x. t i n c t i o n . internationalmeetingin London.
2 My uncle suffers............ multiplesclerosisand is Jjm is a verykind and honestperson;he's .......
dependent........... my auntio look afterhim.
3 His proposalsoundedveryattractive........... me, so 5 His smalldonationis only
I decidedto invest............ his companv. we stillneedto raiseanother
e10,000.

60
 Earth:SOS Unit9

ro Choose the appropriatc word(s) to join the Besidesbeinghonest,he is alsoverypolite.

sentenccs- addition He is honest
verypolite.
It is a well-known factthat recyclinghelpsthe Paul hates horrorfilms and so does lvlike.
environment.Some people ignore it. (morcove nor Neither................................horrorfi
although) 't0 Whenthey leftshe starteddoingthe washing-up.
Studyingabroadcan be a veryvaluableexperience. until Shewaited
It can be very costly.(howeverlalso) she starteddoingthe washing-up.
Workingout at a gym is one of the bestwaysto keep 1't Pam used to work in that departmentstore.
fit. You should also follow a healthy diet. (firstlylin where That'sthe departmentstore
addition) work.
Trafficin the citycentreis awfulduringrushhour,lvlost 12 l'll lendyou my car but you haveto be very careful
peopleuse privatetransport.(asltufthermorc) with it.
Manyyoung peopledecideto stay in youthhostels p r o v i d i n gl l l l e n dy o u m y c a r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
whentravelling.lt is cheaperthan stayingin hotels. very carefulwith it.
(on the other handlbecause)
Airportworkershavebeenon strikefor weeksnow,
Fewflightshavebeencancelled,(on balancel 1 2 Fill in the gaps usinr phrases/r'ordsfrom the
nevertheress) list. Some phrasesr'nordscan be used more
Workinglor a charitycan be extremelyrewarding.Very than once.
few peopledecideto volunteer.(yetlturthetmore)
Animalswhich are kept in zoos are well caredfor first\, anr,ttheratLuanlage,houeur,
and protected.They are lorced to live in unnatural to begi.nuith, uhat's mlre, on the otherhand,
surroundings.(on the othet handl what is more) all things considered,secondly,moreouer
Peoplein the neighbourhood are complaining. The
traffic in the area is terrible. (as well asl due to the
fact that)
1 0 Youshouldmakea noteof yourappointment in your
diary.You might forget il. (in caselprovided) D e a rS h i r l r y .

1t ,",?;";i i,:,!!:*l,id :,'

i^,i
:i,':lii
Complete the sentencesusing the $ord in
bold. t-rsetwo ttr five $'o!:ds, r:
The voyagewas cancelleddue to bad weather.
because The voyagewas
r:;:;:ii;;7,t:::;,::::i,i"
bad weather.
He is clever.He is alsoquiteefficient.
both Heis .........................................efficient.
iN
iNl#l/ !:I: ::,
r,t ;;1;,i,Y14
ln spiteof beingyoung,Tom is veryknowledgeable. j!!;il;',,::;I'::,,:::lll'i:;:;/;
'f:"it:
although Tom is veryknowledgeable

She is againstanimaltesting.Hersisterisn't.
'i;'i^.,;;;!#:f
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . y. .o. .u.n. .g. .

::i'f::;n:{;'r
w h e r e a s S h ei s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . .

;;n,i
r;:;;,
.,,r0,"
her sisterisn't.
Therewereno busesrunningowingto the strike.
a c c o u n t T h e r ew e r en o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
the strike.
i:,,,ii: r$ii,!;;rf
i -ii, "'il'' r'!\/rur\nurl
The city is polluted:it's overpopulated, too. n.l:ll'l;)' l,;;,,i
'
d tihe (0t/
also T h ec i t yi s n o t . , . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i'rito too" tt
overpopulated. I'otte,
7 Wild animalsare still killedfor their skin althouoh
JenniJer
huntingthem is illegal.
despite
*:"
::l'i::l: :lil::::*:: :::i :::
6l
 li;rir* Earth:SOS

In the introduction
of an argumentative
composi- il,IUX,TIPLECHOICE CLOZE TEXT
Iion(fotandagains,youcanstatethetopicby:
*+4 For quesriions ]. - 15 .-:arl r-hetext ancl fill in
makingreference to an unusual
sceneor sit-
eaclr of the qaps rr iti; oirt, r.;ord from the
uation.
iable below. The fir'.t ha. uecti done as an
addressing thereaderdirectly.
question. erample.
a startingwitha rhetorical
Certain(0) ...species..
u.5 :ir H. : 'i a : '...
dF) .. ^
e q i ; , i .r , . _ ,_) of animalsare in dan-
,,,,hicl- a:e ec:rtl a.rri -,yilicie are bad. i;i-.'ing ger for a number of
reas*lts io_r""y'll-1r:
at:is!i'€i':r. reasons.lt (1) .
that humans are the

8f6t$dtrt&16s."" biggest threat to the

survival of a range ol
animals, from fish to
: 1 Computers gradually seemto OereptacinjOooXs\ tigers.We are hunting,
. Encyclopedias, instructlon manuals andevennov-! poachingand pollutingthe (21
. ...habitatsot a great
elsarenowavailable on CD-ROM. Butis thisnew I ( 3 ). . . . . . . . . . . . .o
. .f.s. .p e c i e s .
wayof readingreallyto our benefit? I To beginwith, peoplehunttigersfor their (4)
skins and evenfor their bones.Elephantsare killedfor
theirtusks,whichcan be (5) intothingssuch
2 Nowadays, publictransport is usedby a greatnum-\ as piano keys,ornamentsand jewellery.Turtlesand pan-
berof people.Thesepeopleclaimthatthereare I das are (6) hunted: turtles' eggs are (7)
manyadvantages to usingit, butI totallydisagree. 1
to be a delicacyand pandafurs can be sold
for veryhigh prices.
Animalhabitatsare also in (8) .................. . Humansare
.!<.'.>i+-r'r€
(9) ................. the homesof countlessspeciesol animals.
3 Thesedayswe can receiveiniectionswhich protectus
For instance,touristsand batherswho walk on beaches
against life{hreatening diseases, have cancerous
growths safely removed and even get a new heart where turtles(10) ..,.......their eggs are carelesswhen
shouldwe needone.Theadvancesin medicalscience walking and risk damagingthem.Becauseof pesticides
this centuryhave cedainlyhelpedto save millionsof being (11) ........... on cropsand gardensto killsnailsand
lives.Sadly,however,they are also causingproblems. insects,small birds are (12) .............. at risk sincethey
feed (13) .............. thesecreatures. As far as fishare (14)
..........., fishermenare "overfishing" certainareasand, as
a result,therehas beena great(15).............. in the num-
Haveyou ever thought about leavingyour job to go ber of fish left in the sea.
and live a simple life in the country? People
sometimeschoosethis kind of lifestylebut, although
it may sound wonderful,there are also some bad 0 A kinds B species C types D sorts
pointsto consider. 1 A looks B shows C seems D proves
2 A real B naturai C physical D normal
3 A number B amount C quantity D sum
4 A valueless B worthy C priceless D valuable
I believethat there is life on other planets.So yes, A created B made C consisted D done
I think it is a greal idea to come into contactwith A too B again C also D moreover
alienbeings. 7 A considered B claimed C viewed D wanted
8 A risk B threat C destruction D danger
(.il) i'Xllitc ii n,l. o,t f i :1,.r -ie gii:lt, i 1s .ior. :a:ir 9 A destroyingB damagingC hurting D breaking
c:ir,eoJ L.h: Ir,il::.'iic tl:!ic:t. 10 A lie B raise C do D lay
11 A spinkled B spread C sprayed D scattered
a Theadvantagesand disadvantages ol goingto a gym. 12 A put B faced C been D found
b The pros and cons of owning ratherthan renting a 13
A with B from C on Din
house.
14 A known B concernedC supposed D dealt
The advantagesand disadvantagesof travellingby
15 A reduction B loss C fall D increase
aeroplane.
,d
 Earth:SOS Unit9
.KEY' recordat schoolis verygood-
Yourson's...............
WORD TRANSFORMATION
he'sonlymissedthreedaysthisyear.(attend)
15 Complete the sentences using the words in He showed great...................
duringthelongrace.
bold. Use two to five words. The first one (endure)
has been done as an example. 7 Hewasputin prisonfortax...................
. (avoicl)
I The pilotgot fromthe controltowerlor
1 lam goingto meetJohntonight.
take-off.(crear)
seeing | ...am seeingJohn...tonight.
2 How,in your opinion,can theseproblemsbe
solved?
think H o w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t h e s e o r o b | e m sERROR CORRECTION
can be solved?
3 lt was difficultfor the studentsto understandthis. 1 7 Look at the text below.Someof its lines are
d i f i i c u l t yT h es t u d e n t .s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t. h. .i.s. . . . . . . correct, so put a tick (/) next to them. Some
4 Unfortunately.she ignoredmy warning. others include an extra word which you must
a t t e n t i o nU n f o r t u n a t esl yh,e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cross out, The first two lines havebeen done
my warnrng. as an example.
5 What are you doing on Saturdaynight?
plans What.............................Saturdayni9ht?
6 The mealwe had at homewas betterthan ihe one at
that restaurant.
good The meal we had at ihat restaurant.-......
the one we had at home.
7 He decidedto postponehis visil to the dentist.
put He decided
to the dentist.
8 Marywas the only one who answeredthe question.
except Nobody.........................................Mary.
I We'll play chess if we havetime this evening.
unless We won't timethisevening.
10 The firefightersmanagedto extinguishthe forestfire.
put The firefighters O D€ LosAngelesis wellknownfor boththe high
the Jorestfire. 00 levelof itsairpollutionandtheeffodsmadeto control /
1 it. However,the "Cityof Angels"is not neither
2 uniquenorthe worstoneexampleof a polluted
WORD FORMATION
3 city.Tokyohassucha seriousair pollution
4 problemthatoxygenmasksarebeensuppliedto
5 policemen whotheydirecttratficon busyroads.Milan,
Some verbs form nouns which end, in, -ance 6 Ankara,MexicoCityand BuenosAiresface
or 4nce, e.g, resemble - resemblance, 7 theirsimilarproblems. Thetaskol cleaning up
differ - difference 8 air pollution, yet
though difficult, is not
I imDossible. Useol fuelsthatarelowin
10 pollutants anda changeto verylesspolluting
16 fU in the correct form of the words in 11 formsof powergeneration aremethods
brackets. 12 currently beingin used.Theexample
1 Jennycaresabouther ...................and is always 13 of London,as wellas to othercities,
verysmartlydressed. (appear) 14 hasshownthatmajorimprovements in
2 His lastemployer gave him sucha good ............. 15 air qualitycan be achievedin ten of yearsor less.
job.
thathe hadno troublefindinganother (refer)
3 Tickets oftheplaywerecom-
forthelast...................
pletelysold oul.(pertotm)
4 | don'thavemuch in Paul;he seemsto
be ratherirresponsible. (confide)

63
 Educntion
useda computerto get information 1 , . . _ .
aboutan oil spillage?
''t
get bothtun and practicalhelplrom . i-i :ii-f
r.-_ i ".-
Look at the title below and say what the text could the computer?
be about.
Guesswhetherthe followingstatements are true or usesa computerfor extrahelpat :l!--l

false.then readthe textand see if your guesses home?

were correct.
Computershelpyou communicate with others. contactedenvironmental organisa- --j

Computerscan definitelyreplaceteachers. tionswiththe use of a computer? ....--i

Headmasters refuseto equipschoolswith computers.
don't believecomputerscan replace 'rl ;
I
teachers?

preferscomputer-printed
workto
hand-written
work?

is writingan essaywiththe helpof a

PQ?

PhilipEagle
{
J
lan Blomfield I
I
Cliff Harris

ChadesPalmer :

HelenBrown I
ChrisRichmond /
a

saysthatstudentsusetheirPCsto
communicate with eachother? ChurchillCommunitySchool in Somersetis a place
where pupils and staff have mastered the art of getting
Jseda computerto readold newspa-
what they want out of their computers.Like many school
pers?
boys, and his friends enjoy making paper
neededto learnto read beforehe aeroplanes.Theonlydifferenceis thattheseboysare being
giventips by a computer."lt's physics,aeronaulics and
couldplaya computergame?
education,"insistsPhilip.He torgetsto add thatit's alsoa
th nks pupilscan usethe Internet pleasant way oJ passingthe time duringthe morning
withoutany difiiculty? break.He is currentlyworkingon his personal statement
for the UCASuniversityentranceform. "l'veword-
doesn'talwaysunderstand
expla- processedit so I can get morewordsintothe spaceon the
nationsin class? form.Apartfrom that,it looksmuch bettertype-written."
He is one of the many pupilsat ChurchillCommunity
saysthat computersas teachers Schoolwho havechosento spendtheirtwentyminutesof
wouldbe veryboring? freedom in the learningresourcecentre, Here they can
borrow books, do last-minutehomework,catch up on
useda computerto fill in an appli- gossip or take a turn on one of the computersthat are
cationform? alwaysavailablefor them to use.
 EducationUnitl0

Studentsuse the computersfor a wide varietyof tasks.

lan Blomfield, for example,used a CD-ROMof back-
issues of The Timesand Sundayllmes, along with the
electronicencyclopediaE/rcarfa,to find out aboul environ-
$PEAKERS'
mentaldamagecausedby oil-tankerdisasters.But he was
able to go a step further. He used E-mailto pick the
brains of campaigners and Friendsof the Earth."There
was no other way we could have got such up-to-date
information," he says. Readthroughthe te)dagainand sayhowthe
Because of a technologicallyadvanced link to the pupilsin the articleusecomputers
in termsof
Internet,twenty-eightcomputerscan remainpermanently communicafion,infomation, education and
on line. Clitt Harris,the school'scomputertechnician, ,eisure.
explainsthat pupils can use the Inlernelas easilyas any . Doyouhavea PCat home?Forwhatpurposes
pieceof software."A lot of studentsare likelyto havea PC do you useit?
at homein theirroom,"he adds."Theygo homeand have
conversations with theirschoolmateson the lnternet." . lt is saidthatcomputerswill reolaceieachers
Mostchildrenseemto use their PC in a way that would in thefuture.Do you believethatthisstate-
please any teacher. Charles Palmer, who can also be mentis true?Why/lvhynot?
found in the resourcecentreal break-time,says, "l didn't
exactlylearn to read using a compuler, but it was the
adventuregame Monkeylslandthat made me reallywant
to learn.lf I couldn'treadwhat was on the screen,I After her illness,Susan had to study hard to
couldn'tplay the game."Charlesalso uses his PC for uD with the rest of the class.
designinghisfamily'sChristmas cards. A look Bgo C do D catch
HelenBrownfindsthat her PC is an invaluablehome
tutor that can ofier her that little extra bit of help. The teacherassigneda difficu|t............
for home-
"Sometimesthere are things in algebraor biologythat work.
teachersonly go over once, and I don't understandthem. A job B task C instruction D work
But I can use a programI'vegot at homewhich explainsit
She ..............
to be the best studentin the biology
again and again until I do understanditl" However,she
ctass.
isn't impressed by the possibilityof computersreplacing
teachers."Youcan't ask a computerquestions,"she says. A reports B claimsC insists D says
"lt justasksyou." for all the physicsclasses
He is tryingto make.........
Her view seemswidelyshared."lt would be totallybor- he missed.
ing,"says Chris Richmond."You'dswitchthe machineofi, Aup B out Cin D off
or switchoff yourself."Nevertheless, he is currentlyusing
his PC to writean articleon passivesmoking, and claims Therewas an interesting articleaboutthe Internetin
that he is being given the chance to writethe best essay lastweeks ...........
ot Hi-techmagazine.
he could possiblywritewith the use ot his computer. A handout B issue C volume D leaflet
Pupils without access to a computer at home are
obviouslyat some disadvantage. The schooltries hard to 4 Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition.
make up for this, however.They want all pupilsto havea
chanceto take advantage ot this valuable,interesting
and oftenfun - form of technology Onlyone pupilput .............. her handto answerthe
question.
I wasn'tpayingattention............. what the teacher
2 Look at the words in bold and try to explain was sayingso I couldn'tanswerher question.
them. She studiedfor lhreeyearsto get a degree.............
biology.
3 Choose the correct item. S t u d e n t s h o u l dn o t b e p u n i s h e d . . . . . . . . .m
. . .a.k i n g
mistakes.
aboutgardeningin
1 I can find many useful.............. You haveto be grod ............. scienceand mathsif
Gardeners'Weekly. you want to be an astronomer.
A advice B tips C information D news "Youhaveto multiplythe number............. ten to get
the answer,"the teachersaid.
2 Sheis ..........
typingout her mathsprojecton her PC.
Johnwrotean essay........ the effectsof air pollution.
A currently B lately C formerly D recently

65
 Unitl0 Education

I He bent down to pick ..............

the books he had 8 fitt i' the correct future form.
droDoed.
9 We hadto learnthe definitions (kn0 a
of the words ............. 1 She's boughtsome wool; she ....................
heartfor the exam. Jumper.
1O He lookedat the information the comouter 2 ByChristmas
............. (rive)in thishousefor
we ....................
fiveyears'
screento findthe answer.
' - he
?.111
::::::.:
r;;u f'*"::,fffi:..J:morro
5 fill i" the gaps *ith do. mqheor lqke. (save)overa thousand
4 He'ssurehe ....................
poundsby the endof the year.
'| ............... an exercise 5 ..................... a break 5 "Hurryup!Thebus (leave)in tenminutes
2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a. n
. .e. .x a m 6 .........................
notes andyoustillhaven't gotyourthings ready."
3 mistakes 6 "l haven't
. .e. .f f o r t 7 ...................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a. n decidedaboutthedaytripyet- | ...............
4 ................. one'sbest | 8 .......... an assiqnment - ftell)youon wednesday"'
7 "l bookedmyiirstdrivinglessontoday.| .................
(rearr) howto driveat last!"
6 Fill eachgap with the correctpreposition. I Thistimenextyearshe...................
(srudy)in Spain.
I The Queen (visit) the new children's
1 All ............. all, I preferbeing.............. my own to hospitai tomorrow.
participating ............. socialevenisthatldon't really 10 simon (he) angrywhenhe findsout
enloy. You've broken hiscomputer'
2 The committeelooked at the Dlansfor the new
sportscentre............. detail,but decidedthat it o We rarely use future forms aflerz as hng
wasn'tsuitable .............
usebythelocalschool. as, after, before, by the time, if (coniliti.on-
3 Sharonsharesall her clothes........,...... her best al), once, unhss, in case, till/until, when
friend,anddiscusses everything .............
her. (time conjunction), wheneaer, while, once,
4 Lookingafter childrenis somethingthat is alien suppose/supposing,on cond.iti.on.that, etc,
me- | don'tlikethefeelingof havingto be
............. e.g. Whm In comcshome, III tell him.
responsible .............
them.
5 Tom complainedthat we were distractinghim o The word f can be followed by future
.............
hiswork.............
talkingconstantly. forms when it metns "whethzr", especial-
ly aftet I ilon't know, I iloubt, I wonder,
6 Thekey..............a successful careeris to finda job
etc. The question word "when" can also
that you reallyenjoy.lt is important.............
be used with future forms.
everyone to likewhattheydo for a living. e,g. Whm uill they finish the project?
I iloubt if they will finish it before next
7 Mut.h the idioms with their definitions. week,

9 fin io the gaps with the correct tense.

1 learnby heart a there'salwayssthyou 1 Beforeyou (leave) the house,check that

2 learnone'slesson
3 learnthe hardway
4 you arenevertoo old
to learn
5 readsb likea book
6 haveone'snosein a
book
haven'texperienced the windowsare shut and the door is locked.
belore 2 Onceyou (know) all lhe aftangements,
b learnsth aftermaking ohoneme and let me know.
a mistake 3 | doubt if | ....................(be) rcadyto go out by six
c memorise sth o'clock.Let'smeetat 7.30instead!
d learnsth (unpleasant) 4 | .................... (take) some sandwichesin case we
by experiencingit (get) hungry on the train.
e readwithgreatcon- 5 She'slate!By the time she .................... (aftive)we
centration (eat) eveMhing.
I understand sb's 6 You .............. (rose)weightas longas you ................
thoughts,ideasclearly (stick) to the diet.
7 Whenwe (go) shoppingwe ..................
(Ouy)some new shoesfor the children.

66
 Educatiort
Un,rl0

Supposeyou (rtiss) yourtraincon- iiead the following extracts and -savrr'hich

nectionin Paris,what (youldo)? , a l l c nf r o m " f o l a n d a q a i r r . r "
Whenever he....................(watch)
sporton TV he r . L a ls a n d u h i c h l i o m " o p i n i o n " e . s a r . .
(shout)at thescreen.
............... lt'sreallyannoying!
(b ng) het dog withher
I wonderif she.................
whenshe (visit)us nextweek?
8s6trufvtru65.".
10 nilt in th{: {:clxcct fi-rtr.ir-€
iirls;r. ':
i I lmagine livingon a remoteislandsurrounded by a
(cook) lasagnethis evening.Do I
1 A | .................... shimmering bluesea,withoutthenoise,stressor i
you wantto cometo dinner? i pollutionof a bigcity.lt soundsidyllic,butthereare'.
B Thank you for the inviiation,but i bothadvantages and disadvantages to thiskindof '.
(have)dinnerwitha clientthis evening. i titesryte.

2A l'm leaving (phone)youat

now.1....................
aboutfiveo'clock.
(drive)homeat thattime- phone i 2 lt is often said that being a housewifeand raising 't
B | ....................
meat six instead. I childrenis one of the toughestjobs of all. lt seems i
iI'. only
u t y lair
t i l to
t u Ime
c that
L t t i l t the government
Ute g uvg should
ltEl . S offer
uutu u a
ct d ji,
3A (t nish)
By thistimenextweekwe .................... monthlysalaryto thesewomen.Afterall.shouldn't
decoratingourhouse. ; they be rewardedfor doingone of society'smost
B (youlhave)a house-warming party? ) importantjobs?
(think)aboutit.
A I don'tknow.| ....................

4A Haveyouheardthenews?Tom..............(rcthe)
at the endof the month. 3 Areyouoneof thosepeoplewho owna carand :
(work)
B Yes,I know.By thattimehe ................. believetheyhavean advantage overotherswho l
herefor thirtyyears. usepublictransport? Thismaybe trueup to a point,'l
but owninga caralsohasits disadvantages.
5 A We'd betterhurry.Tom'splane...................
(arrive)at sixo'clock.
(get)thereon
B Yes.Do youthinkwe ..-..............
time? youngmenmustservein themil-
\ 4 In manycountries,
\ itaryfora specific periodof time.lt is my beliefthat
(start)atsix.We'dbetterhurry
6 A Thefilm................ .;
\ sucnlawsarebeneficial to a countryandonly
or we'llmissthebeginning. strengthen its militaryforces.
(drive)usto thecinema. \
B Don'tworry.Dad...........

FOR AN[! AGAINST/OPINION E$:i,illv$

a In the last paragraph ofa "for and
In the first paragraph ofa "for and against" ; argumentative essay you can give either a
essay you should state the topic, whereas I balanced consideration of the topic or
in an "opinion" essay you should state the l your opinion.
topic and your opinion. There are various :
techniques for introducing the topic. You I e In the last paragraph of an "opinion"
can: a) address the reader directly, b) l essay you should re-state your opinion
refer to an unusual scene or situation, or I briefly using different words or expres-
c) start with a rhetorical question. In ] sions.
order to state your opinion you can use ]
the following expressions: I think, I I
belieue,It is my belief. In ny opinion, It
seemsto me, etc. I 'i:a '! : : , )r- I :1r.,. '. nra,r'h -:rt.h hcgin-
i
l:ilr,g il Er:errir: i i.

67
Unitl0 Education
.KEY'
WORD TRANSFORMATION Althoughthe examwas djfficult,everybodypassed.
spite I n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .d. i.f.f.i.c. .u. l.t.,.
13 A. Cornpletethe sentencesusing the words everybodypassed.
in bold. I'm sureJamesbookedthe theatretickets.
must J a m e s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .t.h. e ....
1 Theyarrangeda meetingso thattheycoulddiscuss theatretickets.
the contract. 1 0 You can only borrc,r c''.e videotape at a time.
view Theyarrangeda meeting borrowed O-.! o/.€
the contract. a: a :r"€
2 We took our umbrellasin caseit rained.
fear W e t o o ko u r u m b r e l l a s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .r .a. i.n. ..
I 4 nead the m(de i ixi,,' ir,d use the following
3 She had the brakescheckedbecauseshe didn't
topic senl€ni6 ro l-r,. tr. rhe gaps:
want to havean accident.
as She had the brakeschecked a. On the otht- :cz!. : -. -. -, tlurseutho choose
an accident. t o s p e n d h t ; , : + : - - . : ' : . , n e to u n n e c -
4 "l didn'tlie to her,"Jonathansalo. e s s q r yo p , r c : i ' i t : . " - .,rbt to
become
lied Jonathan . . . . . . . .t.o. h e r . "pedect".
5 Theyput a fencearoundthe houseto stop burglars b. To begin uith. '.. :, : . :re axtremely
from gettingin. ttnhappy iuill .ir:;. . -' - . : or bod.yfeahtes
prevent Theyput a fencearoundthe house ,........ which they consider unattructiL'e.
gettingin. c- Moreouer, plastic srlrgery can proae beneficial
6 Shespokein a low voiceto avoidbeingheard. to people whose careers depend on their
as Shespokein a low voice appearance.
nearo.
7 She has arrangedto visither uncletomorrow.
is She . . . . , . . . . .t.o. .m o r r o w . CosruerrcSuncenv-
WHo nenuv NEEDs
tr?
B. Complete the sentencesusing the words
in bold. The first one has been done as Nowadays, cosmeticsurgery
an example. has becomevery popularnol
only with celebritiesbul with
Tom mightnot bringenoughmoneywith him,so l'll
ordinary peopleas well.ln my
take some extra.
case l'li take some exlra moneywith me
opinion,this type of self-
..in caseTomdoesn't.bringenough. improvement canbe benefcialil
I'veneverseensuch a talltree before. donefor the rightreasons.
ever l t ' st h e . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . I [--l rnese"imperfections" can havenegative
seen. effectson a person'spsychological well-being,making
I adviseyou to studyharder. them leel self-conscious.In such cases, cosmetic
better Y o u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s t u d y h asurgery
r d e r . not only improvesa person'soutwardappear-
John lookslikehis grandfather. ance but it also makesthem leel betteraboutthemselves.
takes John.......,............. hisnran.t- Actors,modelsand evenpoliticiansresort
E n
father. to it in orderto correctany partsof their body they are not
Sheilawas late becauseshe forgot to set the alarm
happywith.Problemssuch as wrinkles,prominentears,
clock.
scars and moles can be improvedby surgery.
r e m e m b e r e dl f S h e i | a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
the alarm clock, she wouldn't have E l-Irhis can be very dangerousto their health,
beenlate. and may also have psychologicalside effects,as perfec-
, .. att.. .
Hrs-r healthwas causedby too much smoking. tion can neverbe reached.
brought Too much In conclusion,lthink thal cosmeticsurgerycan be
his ill health. usetul in certaincases.It is important,however,that
"l'm sorry,I didn'tmeanto interruptyou,"he sajdto us. people carefullyconsjder the reason why they want to
apologised He........................ have such an operationbeforemakingthe decisionto
US. "go underthe knife".
 EducationUnit l0

l5 fru in the gaps in the model below using link- discovering new ideasat theirown pace.(9) ..................
ing words or expressions from the list. For (su/prrse), Montessori'sschoolchildrendid not become
each item there may be more than one answer. (10) ............
(bore) very easily,and undisciplined chil-
dren became much better behaved. Today, there are
To sum up, Firstb, In my opinion, Wat is more, schoolsall over the world which bear MariaMontessori's
Contrary to what most/mqnj people beliez:e,In nameand use her methods.
addition, To begin with, In conclusion,Some
people argue that, In my aiew, Finally
ERROR CORRECTION
Sendingone'schildrento boardingschoolusedto be
the most acceptableway of educatingthem, but over the | 7 Cros" out the unnecessary words.
pastlew years people'sopinionshavebegun to change.
(1) ......,.. . . , however,sendingone'schildrenaway 1 He left earlyfor to avoidgettingstuck in a trafficjam.
to schoolcan be extremelybeneficialfor them in later life. 2 They will have been announced the results by
(2) .. . . ........, childrenwho go to boardingschool tomorrowafternoon.
learnat a young age to becomeindependent and to live 3 Pleaserememberto phoneus the momentyou will
withouttheir parents.This meansthat they are betterpre- arrivein Paris.
paredto live on their own when the time comesfor them 4 You'd better cook plenty of food in case they will
to go to universityor start work after leavingschool. stay for dinner.
(3) ...... . . , boardingschoolteaches youngpeo- 5 She lett the phone off the hook so as that she would
ple how to get along better with others, since they live not be disturbed.
with their classmatestwenty four hours a day. This can
help them later on in life to cooperatewith colleaguesat OPEN CLOZE TEXT
work and with peoplearoundthem in general.
(4) ....................
boardingschoolsare bad for children 18 fiU in each gap with a suitable word.
becausechildrenneedto be able to soend time with their
parentson a daily basis. lt is said that this is especially
The first informationrevolution
true Joryoungerchildren,who may feel that their parents
took (0) ...prace... five hundred
haveabandonedthem by sendingthem away. yearsago(1).................. Johann
( 5 ) . . . . . . . . ., l f e e lt h a tb o a r d i n sgc h o o l sh a v ea l o t printingpressmade
Gutenberg's
to offer.This is shown by the fact that childrenwho have books big business.The printed
been to boardingschoolare oftenfar betterequippedfor pagechangedthe (2) ............. people
life than those who have not. thoughtandhowtheyrantheirlives.Now
we are in the (3) ................ ol a secondrev-
WORD FORMATION 'Will
olution,andthe questionto be asked(4) .................,
the Drintedword survive?"
1 6 Complete the following text with the correct
Paper books are cheap and efficient,(5) . . . ....
derivatives of the words in bold. The first
electronicbookscan store(6) ..-........... moreinformation
one has been done as an exarnple. - a thousandpaperbacks on one disk- and managethat
MARrA MoNTEssoRl information in waysthatpaperbookssimply(7) ............ .
This revolutionarynew system is called CD-ROM,(8)
Maria Montessori is not (0) ..primari/y.. (Wimary) means"compactdisc read only memory"as
remembered for being ltaly'sfirstwomanto graduatein once the disk is made (9) ............... contentscannot
medicine,althoughthis was the first of her many signifi- ( 1 0 ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a. l. t. e. .r e d .
. (accomplish).Montessori
cant (1) ................ wenton to lmagine the twenty volumes of the Oxford English
becomeone ofthe leading(2) .............. (educate)of the Dictionary- which in book lorm weighs sixty-sixkilos
twentiethcentury.Sheworkedwith3l ............... (mental) and has 21,720pages- (11) on one disc.
disabledchildrenat the beginningof the century,and in For small children,there alreadyexistsa superb ency-
1907openedher iirstschoolfor childrenof "normal"(4) clopaediaon two discs which offersvisualexperienceas
(inteltigent).Whatmadeher approachunique ( 1 2 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . a
........-...... . .s. .i.n f o r m a t i o n
l f .,i o r ( 1 3 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . a
....,
was her (5) (betieve)that childrenlearnmore child wants informationon a tiger, they are not (14)
il their (6) ...........(create) talentsare encouragedto given the informationrequested,but in the
develop.Individual,ratherthan cooperative,learningwas top right-handcornerof the screenthey can seea real-life
stressed. Montessori used (7) (interest) naturefilm of the tiger.
objectsto capturethe (8) ............ (attend)ot her pupils. thingis sure - learningis setto become
(15) .............
They were allowedto work on their own, exploringand more exciting with CD-ROMs.

69
 Entertainment
Whatdo you knowaboutSharonStone?Haveyou
seenany of her tilms?Whichone(s)?
Guesswhetherthe tollowingstatements are true or
lalse,then readthe textto see if your guesseswere
correct.
SharonStonemadeherlirsl apoearance in Caslno.
The actresskeeosher oersonallifeto herself.
Sharonworea designerdressto the Oscarswhen
she was nominated.
In the spaceof a fewyears,SharonStonehasgonefrom
being regarded as just another pretty Jace on the
Hollywoodsceneto being considereda serious and
talented actress.Her performance in the recentIilms
Casmo and LastDance have proven her talent beyond
doubt.
LastDance deals with an even darker subject.Stone
playsthe part of a womanwho has been sentencedto
death,and mostof lhe actiontakesplacein a prisoncell
on death row in an Americanprison.
In orderto play the role,Stonehad her hairdyed about
twentytimesto get the rightshadeof dirtybrown.
Surprisingly. she didn l feelugly at all. In fact.she found
it liberatingnot to haveto worryaboutmessingup her
h a i ro r r u i n i n gh e rm a k e - u p .
She provedthatshe no longerhadto relyon her looksto
play a part effectively.
In anotherattemptto get rid of her "glamourgirl"image,
she turnedup at the AcademyAwardsceremonyin Los
Angeleswearingan old T-shirtand skirt.Why did Stone
decideto turn her nose up at the Establishmentat one
of the biggestinlernationaldisplaysof designertashion
on earth?
Sheenjoyedrockingthefashionworld."lt wascool,"she
sard.
Slone'sdetermina'tion
to succeedcan be seenin the way
she dealswiththe nastyrumoursthatcheapnewspapers
printabouther.
She has learnedto keep quiet about her personal
relationships,
and to separateher public and private
lrves.
Her effortsto keep her privatelifeto herselfand preserve
her energyfor professional pursuitsshow how muchshe
wantsto keepon growjngas an actress.She also plans
to try her hand in otherareas."l'm goingto directsome
musicvideoslaterthisyear,and il thatgoeswell,I might
try directingsomethingblgger." Whatevershe does,
she'sdetermined to do it rlght- and she'sdefinjtelysuc-
ceedrng.
After her performancein Baslc /nstinct,people
came to expect Stone to projectthe same
glamorousimagein all her roles.She turned
all that around in LastDance.
"l don'tevengo to eventswithmen l'm daling,"
she said. "l usualy go alone,with friendsor
withmy father.I jusl dont needthe drama."
In Casmo,whlc* s se: n the dark world of
gamblingand v c e-:.. srreplaysthe wifeof a
c a s i n oo w n e r .H e - ' - e o e r f o r m a n ceea r n e d
her an Oscarnominationfor BestActress.
Shehasa notice-::a': r herofficewhereshe
pins up the mosr' : : - : -s storiesconcerning
-S3-.
her privatelife. 3i them are hilarious,"
shesaid.But in he' , :,,,. as longas peopleare
talkingabouthe' s-: : s: ll in the public eye.
S h ea l s oh a d - e - - : - l ' n - . : e .g i v eh e r a r e a l l y
bad haircutso i:a: -e- ^a,. wouldlook untidy
and badly kept. ,',-:^ s.e walkedon to the
movieset, pecc e ,',:': :-ccked at how plain
she looked.
Stone is alsc ,.-, : :s. to her sister, but
admitsto hav^: :-:: :-s wilh her brother.
He was recent',released'rom prisonfor com-
mittingan offe^::
Herexplanalc- ,. :-:: :-, 19 to findthe perfect
outfitlo wear:a :-:- a- eventcan driveyou
crazy. "l jus: r,:-::: :: wear my favourite,
most comfci::: :::^:s." she said."Why
s h o u l d n 'Itc ' e s " - - : , ' I w a n t t o ? "
 I ook at the words in buici alcl ',,rr to er{i:!l"iu1
tb€m.
Fii;'
[iFnAi{f
Choose the correct item.

the partof Agent007 in several

SeanConnery.........
JamesBondfilms.
A played B made C directed D worked
S h e . . . . . . . . . . .h.e. .r h a i rb l o n db e c a u s e
s h e d i d n ' tl i k e
her naturalhaircolour.
A changed B painted C dyed D shaded
Fewguests...........
up at the partyas therewasa ter-
riblestorm.
A came B appearedC went D turned
took placein Hollywood,
Theaward......... California.
A celebrationB ceremonyc event D gala
He showeda lot of..........and put a lot of efiortinto
becominga successfulmusician. ,5 .lirll i,-, iihe gairs.a,i',lithe ,ioi"r:i: .:::-r. :", , r ,1.-,-
A determination
B decisionC resolutionD deduction liri i-,,r-:lo.,r'.
that your sisteris planningto get
I hearda ...........
marneo. !:y'!-!"...y!:':!i'
: !?'t!-'
, !2! -:
A news B word C rumour D gossip
His outstandingcareerand hard work .......,..
him a
1 "*J:ty::'il,-:
My sisterboughta(n) ol RichardGere
for her bedroomwall.
lifetimeachievementaward.
2 Ticketsfor {ront-.................... seatsat the theatreare
A earned B presentedC caught D prized
alwaysmoreexpensivethanthe ticketsfor otherseats.
3 Theyshoweda(n) ................. for Sylvester Stallone's
.s N{atchtha no',rts in {lolr.ln'.'.1
.,\'.r.ithllr': lrirr.l latestfilm duringa commercialbreakon TV lastnight.
in Columq TJ iir forlT 1e'rr' r.c,r-li-1s. Tl:er iii I l,, 4 F i r s t l m e t J i li ln t h e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .t.h. .e. .n.w, e w e n ti n t o
the qaps in {he r-ir':r11...'na.:!j Lrelr;rv r,,,itlr ih-: cri. the theatreto find our seats.
recri wordi ii.r iir rliar c::lnrl.le. 5 Afterrealisingthatwe hadbeensittingin thewrongrow,
we askedthe ................ to showus to the rightseats.
6 The pop singerjumpedofi the stageand beganto
C o i u m nA w a l k d o w n t h e c e n t r a l. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s. .h. .a. k. .i,n g
-olurnr,il, handswith his excitedfans.
1 fore biography
2 master ground ,.i ' r i i t r' n 6 : 1 , . i . r ' . , r .
t: .i \ . . i
3 fun
4 auto fair ' in-on-ot-oulof
5 paper
oacK
Whena play ends,all the actorscome.......... stage
togetherto take a bow.
We hadan aMul eveningat the opera;allthe singers
The directoraskedthe two main charactersto stand
s a n gc o m p l e t e l.y. . . . . . . . .t.u. .n e .
in lhe ...faregtounci...of the set.
3 T h e r ei s a g o o df i l m. . . . . . . . . .B . .B
. Cltonight.
I t h i n k h e ' l lt a k ea ( n ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .t.o. .r.e. .a do n h o l i -
4 My pianoteachersat down .......... the pianoso he
day becauseit'll be easy to carry.
couldshow me how to playthe piece.
3 The famousactoris thinkingol writinghis ............. .
St John'sChoiris givinga performance ..........
fancy
4 My favouriteride at the is the roller-
dressfor a welFknowncharity.
coaster.
The film starsHarrisonFord .........- the roleof a dar-
The artist'slalest....................... is on disolavat the
ing archaeologist.
Museumof l\4odernArt.
I can't wait to see Chagall'spaintingswhich are
..........displayat the art gallery.

.dH
 Unitl1 Entertainment

7 Fill in the correct preposition(s). I O Stuay the following situationsand make

offersor suggestionsas in the example.
1 The names of the winners of the comDetitionare
. . . . . . . . . .d. .i s. p l a yi n t h e m a i nh a l l . 1 There'sa newrestaurant in townandyou'dliketo go
I donl thinkJanetis suitable............. this post,but therewithyourfriend.Whatdo you sayto him/her?
she is ideal............. the otherpositionavailable. e.g. "WhatlHow aboutgoing to that new restaurant in
T h i s s u m m e rl h a v e t h e c h o i c e. . . . . . . . . . s. .p. e n d i n g town?lLet'sgo to thatnewrestaurant in town."
the holidayswith my parentsor going ............ a trip 2 Yourgrandmother is illin bed.Youthinkshe'dlikea
around Europewith some friends;I don't know what cup of tea.Whatdo you sayto her?
I'm goingto do yet. 3 Yourfamilycan'tdecidewhatto do at the weekend.
Tom plunged .............the swimming pool and Youthinkit wouldbe fun to go camping. Whatdo
splashedeveryoneon the side. yousay?
4 Your friend is decoratinghls/herroom.You think
I Guess the meaning of the idioms below. Then,
he/sheneedssomehelp.Whatdo yousay?
fill in the gaps in the sentenceswith the idioms
5 Your companydirectorwantsto hire a new sec-
in their correct form.
retary.You think puttingan advertisement in the
all aork andnoplngnakesJacka d,ullboy,fun ann newspaper is a goodidea.Whatdo yousay?
gotnus,kugh une\fuad off, lnughfni: thebest 6 Yourfatheris goingto work,but his car won'tstart.
Youhaveyourowncar.Whatdo yousayto him?
med;fuine,
for hichs
whencreg told me that t l
| ...................................... Fill in eachgap with either thepresentor
hilarious joke. pastparticiple of the verbsin brackets.
Beinga studentat university isn'tall -...................
- it'sactually
..........-....... a lotof hardwork! We foundthe lecture (fascinate)i
Whentheyoungboyswerecaughtthrowingrocksat (amaze)Io heal
and we wereall ..........................
a neighbour's window,they said they had been aboutthe newdiscoveries in the medicalfield.
doingit just Grandmother (exhaust)after
was ..........................
WhenI visitedmy friendin hospital, I triedto cheer thetrip; in fact,we all agreedthatit hadbeena very
herup bytellinghera fewjokes;afterall,theydo say (the) day.
that..........-........... (exc,Te)childrenapplauded
The ..........................
Johnworksveryhardand neverhastimeto seehis loudlyat the end of the show.Theyall foundit very
friends. Heshouldtakesometimeoffbecause ......... (amuse).
...,....................,..,.....,....1
The latestreportson an increasein burglariesare
(wotry)i the residentsof our area
9 Study the following situationsand askfor, areterribly..... . . . . ..(ttight).
refuseor giaepermissionas in the example. lt wasa ................ (thtil,)lilmandtheending
..........
wasdeep|y (move).
..........................
Yourbrotherwantsto use your calculatorbut you Paulis quitean (rnlefest)man- l'm
needit yourself.
Whatdo yousay? (rnterest)
always..................... inwhathehasto say.
"l'msotry,butyoucan'tusemy calculator."
2 You'rewaitingto see your doctor,who's with a I 2 fil in each gap with the correct form of the
patient.Whenthe patientleaves,whatdoesthedoc- verbs in brackets.
sayto you?
tois receptionist
You'reaboutto leavea friend'shousewhenit starts 1 Tom .........(go) to workeveryday by car.He ............
to rain.Youneedan umbrella.Whatdo you say? (drive) to work for six years and .....................
Visitorsto the museumare not allowedto take (neverlhave) an accident.Yesterday,however, he
photographs. What does the securityguard say (cfash) his car becauseit ...................
whenhe seesyourcamera? (railr) (be) wet and danger-
and the roads...............
You are a parentvisitingyour child'sschool.You (tavel) to workby bus.
ous,so todayhe ...................
wantto seethe headteacher.Whatdo you say to 2 By the timehe is thirty,David...................
(f,nrstt)his
the secretary? studiesat university, (probablyllive)
and ..................
Youneedto makean urgentphonecallbut noneof somewhere abroad. With a bit of luck he
the publicphoneswork,so you go into a nearby (become) a doctor by then, so l'm
shop.Whatdo yousay? (be) verysuccessful.
surehe ....................

72
 Entertainment Unit I I

3 Saradoesn't know if she (accept) the job 3 The party was quite (enjoy) and I
yet - she (sti lthink) about it. I met a lot of interestingpeople.
(meeq net this eveningso I hope she 4 Marsha bought a {reverse) coat
(telr)me whatshe...................
(dectde) whichis red on one sideand blackon the other.
ro oo, (aclapt)
5 Balphis an .......................... person,
so he
4 Thistime nextweekSue and Ron ...................(sait) quicklygot usedto livingin a foreigncountry.
aroundthe world.They (look) lowad 6 . (conveft)i it opens up
The sofais ........................
to thistripfor years.Eversincetheyfirst...-............... intoa bed.
(meet), they (dteam) oI travelling 7 The teacher said that the naughty student's
(rook) as though
togetherand now it ................... (accept).
behaviourwas not ..........................
their dream (come) lrue.

l3 Complete the senlencesusing the words in

bold. KEY'WORD TRA.NSFORMATION

1 They found the offerexciting. I 5 CornPlete the sentences rt''ing.the words in

first one
excirect rhey ......................................
theoffer. Pldl^Y:',1:t:^n^"-"Llf::In"
nas Deenoone as an exampre'
2 Shesuggestedgoingfor a drive.
go " W h y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .af odrr i v e ? "s,h es a i d .
3 "Wouldyou like anothercroissant?"she asked me. 1 The lasttime I saw Patrickwas sevenyears ago.
offered She ..................... croissant. seen | ...haven'tseenPatrickfor...sevenyears.
4 The film bored them so they left halfwaythrough it. Z She hadn't got any coffeeleft.
boring T h e y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s. .o. . . . . . . . . . .r.u. n S h e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .c.o. .f.f.e. .e. . . . . . .
they left halfwaythrough it. 3 We hired someone to paint the kitchen for us last
5 Theyfoundthe journeyexhausting. month.
were T h e y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . had W e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l.a. s. .t. . . . . . . . . . .
afterthe journey. month.
6 He didn't allow us to take any photographs. 4 The people at the party were so boring that he left
must " Y o u. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... earlv.
photographs," he said. such There...................
7 The weddingceremonywas quitemoving. at the partythathe leftearly.
were W e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .t.h. .e. . . . . . 5. . . .".W . h yd i d n ' ty o u s i g nt h e c o n t r a c t ?s"h ea s k e dm e .
weddingceremony. s i g n e d S h ea s k e dm e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I "May lgo out lor a minute,sir?" Tim asked his the contract.
teacher. 6 He insistedthat lwear a hat to the weddinq.

fora minute. the wedding.

7 Someonesaw him takingthe lady'spurse.
seen He.................................................
WORD FORMATION
lady'spurse.
8 James startedlearningSpanishlast month.
been James.................
Some verbs/nouns form their adjectives with a month.
the ending -able or -iblc, I The thief tried to escapefrom the police.
e.g. present - presentablc, divide - divisrble ran Thethief...............
police.
10 Whendid you lastsee Tom?
l4 Fill in the gapswith the correct adjective since How long is ..........................
from the rlord in brackets. Tom?
11 She has two sons. They are both actors.
1 T h e s h o p p i n gc e n t r e i s e a s i l y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . w h o m S h eh a s t w o
(access)by motorway.
2 | didn'tliketheflm becausetheendwasso .............
(prcdict)iI knewthe girlwouldbe rescued!

73
UnitI I Entertainment

Paragraph1 Paragraphs 2-3 FinalParagraph

sd lf|escene o/eralllook& belings
&finalthoughts
(name& locationof the place, partlculardetails aboutthe phcdbuiHing,
reasonsfor choosingthe place) recommendation

Paragraph 1 Paragraphs2-4 FinalParagraph

sethe scene desdibeincidenb endhe storybyrefering
leadingup to the to moods,consegJercest
mainevent& the main people's
reac{ions,
feelings,
eventitselfin detail @mmenb

Paragraph 1 Paragraphs2-4 FinalParagraph

summary ofheevent: develQmertofhe - people's
commerW
time,place,peopleinvolved eventin detail, actionto betaken
cause,consequences

Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 FinalParagraph

setfiescene t preparations - desqiption
of i fedings,
commer s,
(name,place,time, theactual flnalthoughts
reason) evenvac'tivities

Paragraph1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 Finalparagraph

shtebpic + aryumenbbr - argumentsagainst- restate
he topicgivingbalanced
andjustification andjustification consideration/opinion

Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3, FinalParagraph

staietopic - viewpoint
1 - viewpoint
2 youropinion
restate
& youropinion anoreason andreason usingditferent
clearly words

l6 11 n ua tle following beginnings and decide which of the plans above have been used to write
them. Then write an appropriate title or headline for eaih one.

EEelNNIrUeS...
13 Everyyear in June,the NewhavenFestivaltakes
I placein Newhaven, Kent.lt is one of the largest
{ culturaltestivalsin the southof England,during
I whichhundredsof differenteventstake placeto
! celebrate the beginningof the summer.

2 A schoolboywas seriouslyinjuredthis morning

whenhewasknockedoverby a caron hiswayto 4 Schooluniformsare wornby studenisall overthe
school.GarethWild, 14, was crossingthe road world.However,
theirusehasbeendiscontinued in a
outsideNorthwoodSchoolwhena speedingcar numberol places,and I stronglyfeelthatthis is a
_hr ljTAaSip bothhistess.
----\-'2e'+-..-
1 shame:theschooluniformdoeshaveitsadvantages.
 Entertainmenf

'l lt was a dark, rainy evening.With a heavy heart, I

r, ', , :,, , .,:rrr-I :,,r ir, l , i. :-:,: i il13 -r-r i -:.r,;i' tr.i -'
'r .l):
made my way to the empty flat that awaited me.
illl ii l.r.: gilrl 1, r-:l o]ie ,r'n,,::-i. ll i r: ,lir-lL .la:r
! The streetlightsgave off a dim glow, and the pass-
', ing cars sprayed me with dirty water as I walked li,:a:r l !;!l : ii., :1,:l -l:,1;i,lh",Iil

alongthe pavement.
i lvlodern ballet has a
long and colourful(0) ..4..
As its aristocraticlook (1)
....,this dancelorm has its
j . Microwaveovens have long been seen as time- :
rootsin the (2) ....courtsof
) savingdevicesthat the modernfamily can't do . western Europe. At first,
i without.However,many people feel that they are 1 the graceful(3) .,..accom-
j dangerous.There definitelyseem to be both i paniednot only music,but
j advantages and disadvantagesto owning a i speech and poetry as (4)
, microwave. ...., The RoyalAcademyof
Dance was (5) .... in the
mid-17th century by the
FrenchKing,LouisXlV, in
(6) .... to perfectthe art
form which so many peo-
ple love today. lt was not
until the 18th centurythat
balletbegan to be used to (7) .,.. stories,or in other
-,cl -:r. . rl:: ., : " words, to become a dramaticand theatricalspectaclein
lriI ir,.:r: :r; : r' , itself.Both seriousand comic balletswere (8) .... at that
l ' - - ! r . . .5 a l i , ' - ' , i ' l time. lt was (9) ..,.the 19thcentury,however,that clas-
i . . .i
',:".t I
_: -i:.: . sical ballet (10) .... its final form. Ballerinasbegan to
':, danceon the (11) ....ot theirtoes,and the (12) ....musi-
ir: . , t.', .
cians and choreographersbeganto developballetaway
l'.iii-!i .1 i 1! r')- from its "socialdance" roots and into a(n) (13) .... art
::,1:,iri a: l:; I .- l
form.The Danesand the Russians(14)....to refineballet
''lrlt over the following decades.Today, new types of steps
i::: r: 1 r'r:
iirttrr; .r1. ,:: i,:r:.,r and musicare used, but its aristocratic (15) .... are still
j'::, .
.ll;r,: rr., t : i-,,,,:r;,.t:, verymuchin evidence.

0 Therecan be few oeoDlein the westernworld . 0 A tale B myth C history D lairytale

oo who haven'tb-eenheard of Andrew LloydWebber. 1 A suggests B proposesC says D tells
1 His musicalcareerbegan at the age ol tvventywhen 2 A local B C public D common
2 he and Tim Ricetheywroteand producedthe 3 A motives B movies C mobiles D movements
3 first of their many internationalhits,Josephand the 4 A well B long C much D tar
4 AmazingTechnicolorDreamcoaf.This was followed 5 A discoveredB SEI OIJT C found D established
5 by the one rock operaJesus ChristSuperstar,an 6 A way B order C place D attempt
6 extremelypopularmusicalwhichreceiveda lots 7 Asay B tell C speak D talk
7 of criticism.lt ran for morelongerthan any other 8 A performedB checked C exercisedD experimented
I theatricalproductionin Britishmusicalhistory.The 9 A while B C during D meanwhile
'10 A contacted B louched c did D reacneo
9 last work Webberdid with the Ricewas Evlta,
10 whichtellsthe storyof EvaPer6n.lt was so much 11 A tops B stdes C backs D tips
11 successfulthat it was recentlymade into a 12 A capable B able C best D proper
12 majorfilm starringl\4adonna. Webber'smusicals 13 A amateur B talented C gifred D professional
13 are generallybeingspectacular productions 14 A continuedB carried C kept D insisted
14 and far manypeoplelook on him as the most 15 A starts B roob C clues D
15 talentedsongwriterof his generation.
?'fl
 .. '.@e*.,
r, 1()
Etl
sulln I /. Trans
It Err-
-.t!.E*$P*'

RE.\DING COMPRtrIJENSION
Readthroughthe articlequickly,find a suitabletifle
for it and brieflystatewhat it is about.
Try to answerthe iollowingquestions,then read the
text and see if your answerswere correct.
What can make passengersbreathlessduring a
flight?
b ) Why shoulda tootrestbe used?
c) What is the effectof crossingdifferenttime zones
called?
lvlostbusinesstravellerswould turn up their nosesat the
ideaol not travellingbecauseof a simplecold.Bui colds,
sinusitisand inner ear infections all block the tubes
which connecteach ear with the throat, and reduced
cabin pressurein aeroplanes couldcauseconsiderable
pain or evena burst eardrum. To find out if the tubes are
clear,a simpletest can be done on the ground.Try to
makeyour earspop by holdingyournoseshutand blow-
ing gently.lf your ears do not pop, you may be in for a
miserable fliqht.

You are going to read an article about air

travel, Choose the most suitable heading from Apart from problemswith the ears, cabin pressureis
tbe list (A-H) for each pad (f -6) of r-heirticle.
unfairlyblamedfor a lot of in-flightproblems.lf you feel
There is one extra heading which you do not
breathless on board,the causeis morelikelyto be ner-
need to use. There is an example at the begin-
ning (0). vousnessthan lackof oxygen.Dr PeterBarrettof Medical
Advisory Services to TravellersAbroad (MASTA)says
that evenwhen air pressureis reducedby half thereis
Theproblemwithsittingsti .
B Givingyourearsa break.
If still enough oxygento breathecomfortably.

E
Mindthosestitches. t
l
Operations,however,are a differentmatter.There is a
great risk that stitches may come undone if you travel
D In-flighteating.
i too soon after surgery.This is a result of the swellingof
the stomachwhich is causedby reducedair pressure.
Exercise
on board. I This may only causepain, but if you havejust beenoper-
ated on, you shouldthinktwiceabouttravellingby air.
a Mythsaboutmoisture. {

Timezonetrouble.
l E
t Whiletravellingwith new stitchescan be risky,the prob-
H A caseof nerves.
{
I lems caused by the dry atmospherein an aircraft have
been exaggerated.Kidneys react to the dryness and
storeenoughwaterto make up for it, so it is reallyonly
\he skn and e\es \'rH'\chsuiter. Consun'rng a \o\ ol t\u\ds
whileilying is unnecessary just drink enoughto stay
comfortable, and use a good moisturiser on your skin.

r
The drawback of flying that most busy executivesreluse
to face is sittingstill.lf you spendyour day rushingfrom
meetingto meeting,havinga seven-hour fllghtto spend
relaxingmay seemlikeheaven.Not movingenoughcan
causeproblems,though,blood clots in the legs being
the worst of them. Although these clots are normally
harmless, if a clot endsup in the lungit quicklybecomes
a seriousmatter.

76
 Transport Unit 12

To be on the safe side,takesomeexercise whileJlying. SPEAKERS'

Wanderaroundthecabinnowandthen,andstretchyour
musclesas oftenas possibleto avoidcramp.lt's alsoa
good idea to raiseyour legs in orderto increasecir-
culationand oreventthe oroblemof swollenfeet and
ankles.Usethefootrestor, if thereisn'tone,restyourfeet Readthete)dagainandtalkaboutphysical
on a pieceof hand-luggage. complaints causedby flying,in termsol

r cabin pressurcand atmosptrere,nenrcus-

Jetlagis anotherproblemthatatfectsmanyregulartrav-
ellers.Thiscanbe blamedon crossing differenttimezones
ratherthanthe actualjourney.Jetlagcancausetravellers
to feeltiredandconfused fordaysaftera longtlight;sleep-
ingduringtheflightisthebestprevention. lJyouhavetrou-
blesleepingon boarda plane,it is a goodideato takea
mildsleepingpill - buttry thedrugat homefirstto make
sureit doesn'tmakeyou feelworsewhenyou wakeup.
Longjourneysby air arenevercomfortable, buttravellers
who followthe rightadvicecanat leastmaketravelling a
pleasant, ratherthanan exhausting,experience.
ness, lack of movement,and time zones.
a Whatis yourfavouritewayof travelling?
Wh)/.)
a Compareand contrastmodernwaysof trav-
ellingwithtradilionalones,in termsof:
expense,speed and conventence,
4 Label the parts of the plane,
tail, wing, cockpit, fuselage, nose, undercarriage,
flap, fin, jet engine

2 Look at the words in bold in the text and try

to explain them.

3 Choor" the correct item.

Theemergencyexitson a planemustneverbe ........

by luggage.
A disturbedB hindered C blockedD closed
Shewastemptedto buythewatchfromihe duty-free
shopbecause price.
it wasbeingsoldat a ............
A reduced B removed C lessened D least
a greatdealof petrol.
Bigcars............
A absorbB drink C takeup D consume
Sheswalloweda ...sothatshewouldn'tfeelseasick.
A medication
B drug C pill D formula
causeoftheplanecrashwascarelessness,
The............
not a faultyengineas wasJirstthought.
A faclual B honest C actual D absolute 5 Fill in the correct word from the box.
yourhandsiJyouhaveanysuggestions.
............ captain,crew,guard, pedest ans,cyclists,waden,
A Bise B Stand C Arise D Raise mechanic,stewatd,conductoLmototists

gavemea ticketlor parking

A tratfic.................... my
carillegally-
The....................
kickedtheboysoffthebusfor not
payingtheirfares.

77
 Unit 12 Transaort

3 The............
ordered thecrewtogofullspeedahead. Theoldladywasconfined ................
herflat,so she
4 Beingan air.............-......
involves a greatdealof relied................
hergrandson to do allhershopping
travellingaroundtheworld. forher.
A zebracrossingis a placewhere...................can Thisresortcaters.................
families withyoungchil-
crossthe roadsafely. dren,so we comeheretwicea year,............... aver-
The.....................
blewhiswhistle andthetrainslow- age,to get awayfromit all.
ly pulledout of the station.
Thecrowdcheered as the.....................
spedby 8 Match the idioms with their definitions.
duringthe bicyclerace.
Thenumberof drivingin citieshas
doubledin the lasttenyears.
Wheneverhis car breaksdown, he takes it to a
..............
forrepair. drivingforce a. to begintravelling
1 0 The....................
of theBounlyrebelled against their b. to do slh thatcauses
captainandtookoverthe ship. problems
hitthe road c. of an unspoiltplace
6 Fill in the correct prepositions. that is far awayirom
otherplaces
Thehotelcaters............ allkindsoi dinnerfunctions ott the beatentrack d. sb who startssth or
and relies............ localcompanies Jormostof its proposesa ptan,
business. idea,etc.
Unlesspassengers pay ............
a first-class
cabin, missthe boat e. to losethe chanceto
they are confined............ the lowerdecksof the do sth becauseone
cruiseshio. didn'tact quickly
............
average, trainsaretested............ wearand rockthe boat
tearonceeverythreemonths.
Claire depends ............
herfather to payforthethings
shewants;sheis always askinghim............
money. 9 Underline
the correct word.
7 PRNPOSITIONCHECK ON UNITS IO _ 12
1 Johnis tarlmorefriendly thanhissister,but hissis-
Fill in the correct prepositions. ter is much/verymorepatientthanhe is.
2 Watchinga film at the cinemais very/moreinter-
Themanager discussed hisplans.............
theother estingthanwatchingit on television.
employees............detail and listenedto their 3 Theweatheris a bitfew colderthannormalfor this
suggestions. AII ............
all, it was a successful timeof year.
meeting. 4 lt is ever/muchhotterthanit wasin July.
Selfishness is alien............Tim'snature- he is 5 Thistea is farlbitsweeterthanI usuallytakeit.
always willingto participate............schemes to help 6 As a childhe was anyfar morecheerfulthan he is
thepoor. as an adult.
It is verylmportant ............
meto be ableto spend
time............
my ownsothatI canrelax. 1O fil in the, than, of or in.
Thekey............ writing wellisto concentrate ...._.......
choosing themostsuitable language possible. 1 TheRhineis longer............ theThamesbutit,snot
Roomserviceis available for hotelguests............ ............ longest river............ thewono.
request - thereis a choice............ snacksandsand- 2 The Smithshavegot............ mostexpensive car
wicheson themenu. ............ myneighbourhood; it hasmoreaccessorie
Thedishthatwas ............ displayin the shopwin- ......_..... anyone else's.
dowwasideal............ makingpies,so I boughtit. 3 JohnWaynewas one............ the mostpopurar
I'm going............ a journeyto SouthAmericanelit actorsin Hollywood;he mademorefilms
month,butI haven'tgotanyclothesthataresuitable almostanyotherstar.
............
thehotclimate. 4 He wouldpreferto eat out rather............ cook.
Afterlhad paid............ my shopping, laskedthe 5 Sally'svoice is louder-........... mine, but Anne,sis
assistant ............
a receipt. . . . . . . . . . l.o. .u d e s.t. . . . - . . .a. .l .l .

78
 'l?
Transport Un:rt

6 . . . . . . . . .a. .l.lt h e p e o p l eI k n o w ,J a m e si s . . . . . . . . . m
. . .o s t 5 Judy prefersdancingto aerobics.
intelligent. would J u d y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .d. .o.a. .e. .r.o. .b i c s .
6 That film was not as entertainingas the other ones.
t{ liervrite the se:l{eircesusi:re;tlr: r,rorcisi:.r least Thatfi|m........................................
br;rclicts as irr,ti-,ee:arnpie. 7 Can't she type any fasterthan that?
the |slhat...........................................
e.g.It uas cold,ysterdal. Il is mmer todaj. (nlt as I We hadn'texpectedthatthe lecturewouldbe so bor-
... as)It is not as cold todal as it wasysterdal. ing.
much T h el e c t u r e . . . . . . . .w. .e
Lucy is twentyjour years old. Tom is twenty-four had expected.
years old. (as ... as)
2 My housewas moreexpensive than hers.(nofas ... -i*-llt - ---* ,
as)
3 Thatdressis elegant.This dressis eleganttoo. (as i ltli C,:osscui the unnr:cesrrrrr.r 1.r{,iils ,,.ilere
.,, as) nc{ressarI,
4 Theunderground stationis verycloseto my house.The
bus stationisn'tverycloseto my house.(notas ...as) 1 She is a morebetterdriverthan I am.
2 He can walk much{asterthan me.
3 Theold ladywalkedthe moreslowlythanher daugh-
{2 Fill in ar oi'lilrc.
ter.
4 Peleis amongthe bestlootballplayersin the world.
J a n ec a n s i n g . . . . . . . . . .a. .b i r d .H e r v o i c ei s
5 The longerhe exercises, the far moretiredhe gets.
g o o d , . . , . . . . .M . . .a r i a hC a r e y ' s .
6 Jim is a verymoreefficientworkerlhan Stan.
T o m w o r k s. . . . . . . . . a . . .s l a v e H . e i s r e g a r d e d. . . . . . . . . . . .
7 He spendsthe halfas muchmoneyas hiswifedoes.
the hardest-working employeein the company.
I She usedto wearthe sameclothesas with her sister.
A l t h o u g hh e l o o k e d. . . . . . . . . .h. a . r d . . . . . . . . . .n. .a i l s ,i n
f a c th e w a s . . . . . . . . .a. . c. h i l d .
L u c y ' sc o m p l e x i oins . . . . . . . . . s. .o. f t. . . . . . . . . a . . .b a b y ' s . {5r h,]r'l,r:r.1,,riir.l.i:;r r,i,, i.: r: :er eli.iisatiolrs.
H e rs k i nf e e l s. . . . . . . . .s. .i .l k .
rr .11L .iI 5i
c Shefounda job ............ a clerkat a seasidehotel. [:
6 SharonStonehas had greatsuccess........,... a pro- 1 A significantnumberof new cinemashaveopened
fessionalactress. over the past year.
7 She'streated............ a queenwherevershe goes. 2 74% o'l students have to take out a loan at some
o The ballet dancer litted the ballerinainto the air pointduringtheirstudies.
. . . . . . . . .a. . r. a g d o l l . 3 Salesof homeopathicmedicinehaveincreasedby
I can easily carry this suitcase,lt's ............. light 47Y"ovet lhe past five years.
. . . . . . . . .a. .f.e a t h e r .
1 0 F l o r e n c eN i g h t i n g a l e i s s e e n . . . . . . . . . .a. . h e r o i n e G ffi F{ E n& i. ; J A-ii I r/]i${ $
becauseof her pioneeringwork ............ a nurse.
a This demonstrates that more and more peopleare
turningto alternative healthmethods.
{ 3 Compk:ie tht' scnt,:-'ncqs :rsing the *,orris im b This shows that waiching films is a pastimethat is
bold. becoming more popular.
c This indicatesthat students are not provided with
1 Markis a fast runnerbut Jordanis faster. enoughmoneyto liveon by the government.
than Jordan............,..........,...................Mark.
2 l'd rathergo out than stayin.
rather I d p r e f e r. . . . . . . . . . . . . . { 6 aeaClthc gerrc,nii;aiiir-rs anci wl:lie th.^ tr'acis.
stay in.
3 Siuart played betteras the matchwent on. 1 This indicatesthat smokingis still on the increase
l o n g e r T h e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t. h. .e. . . . . . . . . .among
.., the youngergeneration.
hptipr St||arf nleved. 2 Thisillustrates thatpeoplearetakingmoreinterestin
4 Thatis the funniestjoke l've everheard. theirhealth.
as I haveneverhearda joke 3 This showsthat workingmothersdo not havetime to
one. preparehomemademeals.

v9
 Unit 12 Transport

17 1i1 nead the two models and-say which is a survey report and which assessesgood and bad points.
Then decide how they differ and how they are similar.
(ii) Read model B again and underline the linking words which join contrasting points.

To:Mr BillFortham.Marketing
Manager To:MrsJanetPrice,Manager
From:BarbaraCook,AssistantMarketing
Manager From:SusanGillman, Personal
Assistant
Subjeci:Useof perfumesandcolognes Subject:Entertainers
forcompanyChristmas
party
Introduction Introduction
The purposeof this reportis to Thisreportwaswrittento assessthe possibilityof our
showthe resultsof a recentsur- companyusingEntertainment Unlimited
to entertain
the
vey into people's use of per- staff'schildrenat ourannualChristmas
partythisyear.
fumesandcolognes. Background
All the entertaineB
aretrainedand manyof themcan
Typesof fragrancesbought
also performmagic tricks.One drawbackto using
It wasfoundthata largenum-f
Entertainment Unlimitedis that, becausethey are so
ber of the women who buy
popular,bookingshaveto be madeai leasta monthin
expensiveFrenchoerfumesare
advance.
over 25, showing that many
youngerwomencannotaffordcostlyperfumes. Features
Thesurveyalsoshowedthatfew menbuyfragrances A varietyof costumes
canbe selected
for the entertain-
for themselves;
85% of the men surveyedsaid they ersto wearsuchas Ouasimodo, Pochahontas, Aladdin
weregivencolognesandaftershavesas gifts. andSnowWhite.However, theydo nothavesuperhero
costumes (suchasBatmanor PowerRangers)whichare
Whenused popularwithchildren
thesedays.
As a rule,90%of womenweara fragranceof some
kindeveryday,whereasthe remaining1O%onlywear Costs
scentson specialoccasions. Thisindicatesthat most Thereis a chargeof !30 per hourfor eachentertainer.
womenenjoywearingperfumeon a daylo-daybasis. Forthispricetheywillorganisegamesandfullyentertain
Onlya smallproportionof mensaidtheywearcologne the children,
althoughanyprizesfor gameshaveto be
everyday. This impliesthat most men prefernot to providedby us.
wearcologneon a regularbasis. Recommendation
To sum up, it is recommended that two or three
Conclusion entertainers be hiredfrom Entertainment Unlimited
for
Takingeverythinginto account,this surveyindicates our Christmas party,sincepricesare reasonableand
that womenbuy fragrancesfar more than men do. thereis a fairlywiderangeof costumesforcustomers to
Womenalsotendto wearscentsmoreoftenthanmen. choosefrom.
.KEY'
WORD TRANSFORMATION
18 Completethe sentencesusing the words in bold. Use two to live words. The first one hasbeen done as
an example.

1 "Why don't you cook some spaghetti?"she asked 4 They'llgiveusthe information tomorrow.
me. given We......................................1
suggested She ...suggested(my)cooking...some 5 Whenlwas a child,we haddinnerwithmy grand-
spaghetti. parentseverySunday.
When John left, he didn't say goodbyeto me. have Whenlwasa child, we ...................
without J o h n i e f t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m e . my grandparents everySunday.
The bomb exploded,breakingthe windowsof the 6 Therateof unemployment riseseachyear.
nearbybujldings. goes Therate.............................
eachvear.
went T h e b o m b _ . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7. . . tlt's h ea pitythe dog ranaway.
windowsof the nearbvbuildinos. not 1wish.................................
80
 Transport Unit12

r9 Read the model below and provide suitable OPEN CLOZB TEXT
subheadinss.
21 Fill in eachgap with one word only.

THEDEEP-SEA
DRrvERs

To: Mr MarkForbes TheNlAttacksubmarine, built(0) ..by..theDutchcom-

From:Gillian
Stuart panyNeykSubmarine Projects, wouldlook(1) . .........
Subject:Retirement
Plans muchat homein a JamesBondmovie.(2) ................. it
wasdesigned forundeMater rescue, (3)..-................
can
Theaimof thisreportis to alsobe operatedon land (4) ease,andcan
analysethe resultsof a be drivenfromup to 300 metresunderwaterdirectly(5)
recent national survey .....................
a beach.
intohowpeopleplanto (6) .....................
of Neyk'smodelsis the 13, (7)
spendtheirretirement. is classifiedas a luxurysubmarine(8)
The resultsof the sur- costs a cool $7 million.Deeo-sea
veyaresetout below. enthusiasts (9)....................
remainunderwaterin theL3
for upto twelvedays(10).............. enjoying thehighlife.
All those surveyed Planning (11) underwayfora furthermodel
were marriedcouolesin their which(12) havea gymnasium, sauna,disco
tifties.Somewereearninghigh salaries,whileothers andswimming poolaswellas being(13)................... to
wereearningsalariesbelowthe nationalaverage. 75% sleeptencrewmembers.
of thosesurveyedhavepensionplans. The two years(14) .-.....................
advanced testing
whichNeykhasdonehasresulted in submarines which
Cruisesareverypopularwithretiredcoupleswhohave arefaster,strongerand easierto navigateandwill make
pensionplans.A smallproportionof peoplesaidthat futureseatravelsomething for us allto (15)...................
theywereplanningto moveto the country,indicating forwardto.
that few peoplehavethe moneyto movehouseafter
retirement.Carryingout homeimprovements is a pop- WORD FORMATION
ular pastimefor manyretiredpeoplewithouta high
by thefactthat63%of those 22 Completethe following text with the correct
income.Thisis illustrated
surveyedstatedthattheyweregoingto carryoutwork derivativesof the words in bold. The first
on theirhouseoncethevretired. one has been done as an example.

To sum up, this surveyshowsthat cruisesare more Britain'srailwaynetworkhas (Ol ...recently... (recent)
popularwith retiredpeoplewho havea high income beenexperiencing a new kindof problem.lt is neither
thanwiththosewho do not.In contrast,makinghome technical (mechanic)
nor(1) ....................... butcould,
improvements is something thatmanyol thosewhodo nevertheless, leadto (2) (inlure)unlessit
not havea pensionplanintendto do. lt seems,there- receives immediate (aftend).lt appears
(3) ....................
fore,thatthereis a significant
difference
betweenwhat that rabbitshavebeendiggingtheirholesunderneath
peopleof differentincomesare planningto do when railwaytracks, (tortunatdmeans
which(4)....................
thevretire. thatthetracksareat riskof collapsing. The(5)
(soft) of the earth under the tracks makes it a (6)
(suit) placefor rabbitsto dig theirholes.
20 Readthe following topics and identify the However, the railbedbecomes(7) ...................... (sta-
type of report. bre) when it is undermined by holes, (8) . .............
(special)in heavyrain.Numerousareashavealready
1 A localmagazineneedsa reportaboutyoungpeople's experienced problems,causingdelaysto rail services.
spendinghabits.Writea reportfor the magazine. The numberof rabbitsin Britainhasincreasedoverthe
2 Yourcompanyhasaskedyou to visitan expensive past forty years becauseof their (9)
restaurant wherethey are consideringentertaining (resist) to myxomatosis, the diseaseresponsiblefor
someimportantclients.Writeyourreport. thousands of deathsinthe 1950's. Rabbits arenowcon-
3 Your school newspaperneeds an article about sideredto be (10) ................ (destrcy)nuisances,
youngpeople'sattitudesto recycling.Writea report insteadof the cuddly,friendlyanimalseveryone would
for the newsoaoer. liketo thinkthevare.

8r
 Unit12 Transaort

MULT'IPLE-CHOICECLOZE TEXT ERROR CORRECTION

23 For questions l-15, read the text below and ?A Cross out the unnecesarywords, or put a
fill in the gaps with one rvord. The first has tick (./) next to the correct lines as in the
Lreendone as an example. examples.
Thetwentieth
0 It was anotherxcold and darkwintermorningas I
centuryhas (0)
..8.. many 00 slammedthe door and rushedto the underground./
spectacular 1 station.A lightrainhad beganto fall,and I congratulated
technological 2 myselfon havingremembered to bringup my umbrella.
developments, 3 Hearingof the trainapproaching,I hurrieddown
but nowhere 4 the stepsandjust madeit throughthe automaticdoors.
moreso thanin c Hangingfromthe strapas the trainit started,I thought
transport. Up
untilthe 1820's 6 thattheremustbe a manymorecivilisedway to travel.
whenthe steamenginewas invented,transponon land (1) 7 Then.for somereason,the sightof a womanin a
...,on humanor animal(2) ...., anditsetficiency depended I brightred coatwas remindedme of an advertisement
on the developmentof a decentroad (3) .... . Similarv,sea 9 I had seenthe nightbefore:a sleekred sportscar
traveldependedupon muscle(4) .... and unpredictable 1 0
be racingalonga countryroad.As the
winds. The nineteenthcentury relied (5) .... on steam to
powertrainsand boats,and thesewereusedfor the (6) .... 1 1 trainpulledintothe nextstationand moreof passengers
of both goods and passengers,but it wasn't until the 1 2 startedpushingalltheirwayin, I couldnotgetthe image
inventionof the motor car that road transportation(7) .... 1 3 of thatcar out of my mind.I imaginedto beingat the
importantonce again.But of coursethe mostimportant(A) 1 4 wheel,aloneandcomfortable. SetfishthoughI mightbe,
.... has been in air transport.The speed at which people 1 5 I decidedto buythe car of my own dreams.
can travel across vast (9) .... of the planet has not only
greatly (10) .... the number of kilometresthe average
persontravelsin a lifetime,but has also changedthe (11) .KEY' WORD
TRANSFORMATION
....in whichpeopleviewtheworld.tt is nowa much(12)....
placethan it musthaveappearedin the (13) ....of sail and 25 Completethe sentencesusing the words in
steam.Indeed,whenwe considerthatwhileonceit (14).... bold.
almostsix monthsto sailfrom Londonto Sydney,you now
need twentyjour hours by air, we can marvel at the 1 | wrotehalfas manylettersas Julie.
advances (15) .... in modernforms of transport. twice Juliewrote .......I did.
2 ls thisthetastestyou canswim?
any Can'1..................................
0 A viewed B witnessed C felt D watched
3 Brian finds English easierthanmaths.
1 A relied B based C fixed D supponed
as lvlaths .........................
English forBrian.
2 A muscle B ability C strenglh D force
4 They had never had such a terrible fight before.
3 A structure B diagram C plan D system
most lt ........
...-......
.............theyhadeverhad.
4 A energy B drive 5 Erik isn't as patient as Fay.
C vigour D power
5 A hardly B strongly C heavity D seriously
than Fay.........................................
6 A movementB passage 6 She gets the sameamountof pocketmoneyas her
C motion D bringing
7 A became B seemed C came D started
sister.
I A gain B breakthroughC dismvery D break much Shegets.............. hersister.
9 A places B portions C bits D areas
7 No other runner in the team is as fast as Tim.
10 A enlarged B advanced C increased D expanded the Tim...................... theteam.
11 A way B manner C aspect D point
8 He likes tish more than red meat.
12 A lesser B smaller C tinier D shorter
to
13 A course B term 9 The dress cost lessthan she had exoected.
C era D season
14 A wanted B spent as The dress she had exoected.
C took D was
15 A done B managed 10 Histrousersand mineare the samecolour.
C happened D made
as His trousers .....mine.

82
 '12
kansport Unit

26 Soio the sentencesin as rnanywaysas possi- Whenthereare morethantwo 'tact'adjectives,

they
ble using words from the list: go in thefollowingorder:
while,futhermore, besides,on the other hand., opinion,size, age, shape,colouL origin, mate al,
houeter,moreoaer, uhat is more,in addition noun
to, dcspite,although e.g.lt is a nice, small,old,oval,brown,Chinese,wood-
en table.
1 Mounlainclimbingis an excitingsport.lt canbe very
oangerous.
2 Freshorangejuicais absolulelydelicious.Oranges 28 Put the adjectivesin the correct order.
containvitaminC, whichis goodfor yourhealth.
3 Flyingis the fastestformof transport.lt is the most 1 Yesterdaywe wenlto a (modern,new,huge) cinema
expensive formoJtransport. complex.
4 Therestauranl hasan excellent reputation. Themeal 2 Wendy's grandmother wasa kindwomanwith(b/ue,
we hadwasextremely disappointing. almond-shaped) eyes.
5 Dogsmakelovelypets.Theyhelpto deterburglars. 3 Jimwasgivenihal (English, fabulous)racingbikefor
6 lt is goodto hav6yourown opinions.You mustbe his birthday.
preparedto listento whatotherpeoplesay. 4 Paulboughta(nl (blue,ltalian,fast sportscar.
7 | lovelivingabroad.Sometimes I reallymissmy own 5 Theyhavea(n)(old,large,brass,French)bed.
counrry. 6 Darrenlives in that (old\ashioned,small,brick)
I Recyclingproductsis often cheaperthan making cottageby the river.
newones.Recycling is goodfor the environment. .KEY'
9 Cyclingto work costsnothing.Cyclingis good for WORD TRANSFORMATION
yourhealth. 29 Completethe sentencesusing the words in
10 Theweatherwasbad.Thepilotmanaged to landthe bold.
prane.
1 lt wouldbe betteril Timcamewithus.
rather 1..................................................w
27 put the adjectivesin bracketsinto the cor- 2 lt wasrainingso heavilythatall the streetsflooded.
rect comparativeor superlativedegree. such 11was............................................
all the streetsflooded.
The gorillais (1) ............... 3 Henrykeepsa sparekey in casehe losesthe origi-
(tarye) ot the anthropoidapes, nal.
and is one ol (2) ................. fear Henrykeepsa sparekey .......................
(crose)relatives to humans.The theoriginal.
gorilla is a powerfulape with 4 "You ruinedmy brandnew iablecloth,Sue!" said
black skin and hair, and is (3) mother.
(rarge)than its clos- ruining Mother...........................................
estrelative,the chimpanzee. The brandnewtablecloth.
male is much (4) ................. 5 Johnregretsnot acceptingJenny'sinvitation.
(heevy) than the female,and wishes John..........................Jenny'sinvitati
mayweighup to 275kg. 6 Thisshirtis so smallthat I can'twearit.
Many peoplebelievegorillas too Thisshirtis......".............................w
to be one of (5) ............ .... 7 lf you studymore,you'llget bettermarks.
(fiefce) animals.However,gorillasare shy and rarely the The..............................marksyou'llg
attack.Gorillas are(6) ...........................
(calm) and (71 8 Somebodyrepairedourvideorecorderyesterday.
(patient)lhanchimpanzees. had We ....................... yesterday.
Unfortunately, gorillas are becoming (8) 9 Couldyouturnon the lights,please?
(rard because
and .-........................ mind Wou1d............................................
theyarehuntedandtheirheadsor handsaresoldassou- lights,please?
venirs.Gorillascan't moveas fast as otheranimals,so 10 Shemadeus waitfor herfor at leasthalfan hour.
theycanbe easilycaught.Wemustdo something to save were We...............................................fo
thisamazingcreaturebeforeit is too late. tor at leasthalfan hour.

83