wey MoPvLeé $ ws FaQuiripeiom & STABILITY Plasma confinenumt Ae peanels er) Dequilibortuns & 2) stability P > all fixes ane balanuel heh aad acl en plasroa (“Ais Slate t Called eq uilibriunn . —» unshable equilbrture : & (fi (By ~anewkal afable eqyet [haven Pir ® Q mola stable equilbacun, ATA, @ + E -> stable equiltbaraen « @ 7 => unstable equi ltbavvns 2xplogive alabilt ‘i baturs woth Lneas © ng ee eliotn a ” ifwe apply pares tom it becomes tunglable- -® => non - hinean isishobilit [aquilébaaues \ oith Ceear instauby ley « JUD Equalien —Wasnelon tydevoclynaste eqn, which ase 4 sebol eesme -— £OV = T*8- VP + Sa—+ eqp of rrolion BE - @6r evn = od —> show's fan = as +7-2¥ =o — eqnat continuity - 20497720 —* petssonis eqn- Qtr toh P> density =OCM+m)~ Le maw: Xion N= deloc ty = Mvy +e Wit T- weaentdeuily = 92 Cvt—ve) ——= mans of & ofifa3 Y" tHydoorn nthic Equilibria ! delat tend & state 4 plasma auBee #BGeo ten rst age MHD « i Jxe -—VP =o dx8 eVvP OD ux a oP = 7x8. This oqo & 2 balancecl stak eahere theme p gradient 3 balancet Ey leverta foes tensider a gy ledlrical plesma a 6xV? = Bx(7ep) aT eer @xvP = Fez lla > Wea akgroe & eevent as woe an elaebrow is Te Gy lasema ite : te ‘sethorell ap tet " soStonapt of & gp 2eketvn pe Tamene pated es eee 880 pel cl le Pr drert Bivnteadaa and ojene by plasms apprexineabren pea Matdrcpacnsasse soe know that WP = TKO Aten [T= (gre + KeTi) 8222 a> pub -VXB H Hoy cae eo the ony for cunaent’ predated hers go year pususe gnedicnt wagk . 1 then OP = qe Coneone . 4 (ees, i mebre Cuevie ‘ Sr a this sesult Ald asith mag ¢ 4p depen dude dP ® =\p lodivicual particle coue, the dag neki 8y e coeells wane VON 5 eantses dite. to Laambua Hien: And) te it eins in Bus Wyte nab eguilibncans, the chi nahin tg * g7-ix8 © anises eae ie BR. d "Ba = 10Te + oz = He <1. 8 <1 4 . The aesulling qweent is jus| suffiaent fo bolance ee lee 4% Rote sea eath element of te fluid ancl alop the gece eB S) mole: a the postidle get slable equulebaium - 22 Ue Ce — bee = 2b ® vP-Te “Be ie aes ae ~onarge" Ty B ase roukucdly la fo VP. @© B0vP =o => BOP 6 = BP -0 Os os - 2 > gh (P+ Bat) =o pag Pa B22 = constant oe Pt tonclont along wilh Re Line of He free! he ‘In eqn @ > vr. @ys -1 ve? a(p+ £) = Bo Ga. ame aot =) lio since BIS cmoving along axis (BY)B =o He en v( P+ a) =o ho {P48 ) = tonstant apo =, & BT is the magnehe field frewunr * La @ cons ie — inside the oy dancarer because | the rad ~sypyet use of dianeagnehsn. * ic) Soe pe ha - Zotet sot 8? 2HO Qe “ab p 3 few, Beli, thes coil be a balarceel Fores i ab tome post af eplindn, PestThout fietcl , w VPT at oukide the wore Tolhouk premunt- ic B® ’ if Ti ffusten of Magnehe field Inks Plasma = Applecalen ef Pifuscen comer in A shop Ryans _consides & coms andl plasma “enol thay dae separald: without fiola woithouk OP & akune, aegion of plasma oubdle core te rehe fretet Eres woe know that Wee =0B. [Maxwell § aan] E +(wvas) -S Lohm's laws} Sor sienp city , torsider Plasma is af veat & B Lines axe moving « hen for plouma 5 chr law betemes €-™7 (eves, x6 | Maxwell's eqn beams = -238 xT} = - 28 vxtur) - -28 > goed a8 loe know Hat Je 1 vxB - peThen ahow eqn bes * ee are Core) = “28 jet 'L = ft (gcoey” aa) = 38 i ses pein He _ tetty > BA Cvs) --2g Lo reer me] [e-we"? | z He : ae echere we T is called Ditfuson dime. me ve - 28 arts the chanastencihe Hee for which B frebcl “ " ? ate $0 a tp'|!) be te scale ci Leva [ Epvial Vaniabientf “— pes / 8 EClamification — af toda billy ; -thencv* =| TE few am Unpostuah ed plasma cyttera , Hhagy come - warferd HRuarodlynamic ' ayelern , tezemsuyty maxwell Hap steve. naga bieteraes dechibultoo, velouly ,B density, these qotiles HB ee asx cocstant, ane stable. & Harte pe oe fhakr enhopy 20> and hence the energy woould be very lou ic ther tc no four e availa, => de 8 a eee! BAe te = Incase of penhunbed syslem, RE " ponfect ~ fs = at Pheemedynamie, & Pouce energy aveulable % Fe as Hence Bene exes} an unstable apeibntiens ofeite fob -de Pe M+ foes ase pot balanad anc! hance we! gh o fe. Hel Aiene inetapendent colo 2) ast = ne feafect theamedynanes aitan ended te B- be efter) Perfect theamody namics bey looney the available fase enzaqy - — Were the inthabilely 6 cle fo avasloble Jrrena @ Onivers al ingha bs léhy ae neta andi 4 = aoe four instabilities ep ng pen typed Nahusal @ Lakerwalery plasma i not to themed awelabe freo entay 7 an A 4 / © streaming, Yaskablity @ Roath 1 ager ei pike js dull ty density gravity Duoivenal wetebiltly ® vera nslabilly \Werce a non-Heamal chasatkatshe arises for © shrsaming inutahility > plama conlains 9 qreuts plasma» ile a eS, Tow: fel these ponte _4bhis VP exsake an 4 ‘Sh “esr bcibes:be ene dus to nterathon oh ingebilily eye eae dest @ kinake “helabilily tascuakd wilh dipeoteae | : ‘i adakve Amt =e = . ~ Kira. enangy —eelittha be ioblahilily of velodly olashibutien efron mex wellins Trae energy duis te molten + weet distibubhon: = suth \ndabilily aotes wlun a fight panes Example fox Streaming Inetahitihy : ora wasnt ths in plarma Exorple” gate Te feSlace_shoam _lastabitily @ taylergh Tayler instabilhy “rensidder a uniform plama, uoher< wasises lus to saul confinement Carte want) a leo is at awk, Vp co velecily. of ion =o . % clecken ts #al moken , Vo ston sebosily$é ond neq Busing Bo we make plume appatit: i told pean = net Browmal moter & Kp Ti = Klee r aps ene abinnfase 4 nm magnehe field 8-0 & m ‘ai \ ny postielas i heghen and mon [2v + v-v)s] = aofet vee] ~7P wbSe : below + hanes. easating a. athens penal to pelts for ued ten (Coro) -vohith asl a “gnauilatenal polenhal cnegy . Mogf ave T+ eaoGy — me BE — woh is analogous to hy dapaly namics + tn = 4 ore tM rome (ae + (Yee! Vie) “YO veet Ue) = -enok,SS CWoe+Ve): fiigtie) WY oe + Vo 7 Viet Mee! Wee t Vie? = Nee + we , = Vee Mie - aes Hun 7 5 cong] ONE VoesWVie | ==° oy lve in ee Oe -iwmenVi, = 261 Mo e€1 = tees Mw Wa = > expasion for perhusbed velocaky ef rou in egnt) > iene Ver + ikVeeViem™ = —e ey Tevet [uo - KVeg J = 281 fe, [ 2 -K Veg] -2Et Vey = @6r = —ieE_ 79 [us- bgp] Fm [i -Kvee] [o-KMee]} ver wreck > exp mien for 3 3 am [eee] quhebed veleuity fer” jes; Suppose Vee lef > a s 3 A eqn +, coun Be 4 v (ev) =e" De for ions —iwMy +i k MV =O iwi) =ikooviy Diy = KoeviT = Ene tee a we | [= Kroiee, | —> ten valle aici 2 Mw fer persone eats BD (notte) + ¥ [Cooesrne) Were] io | Be 7 [¢ noe +2) (Yor 4M )| = vy Nevee + pa + MypeVoe +% eve] = "ee? Vee" “tangeiees Nee Vie + Me gree” + Me Wott Voce roe + ewe + ve VME = MEWVe + Vo VIGe than eqn hewmu 2nie +(coe we + Voe 72) = O°— - 7 i ~— Foner + 1k MoeViettkKWerne =O TkWeMe = iwne, —iknevie ¥ "Die = wWne, — Knove FKVoe. “Voe Me = tone, Movie Vee a Vo @ Pres —_ ; 4 a Novas Qe —=Pev/e Me, —WNer = sRovie kvoe “Vye me (2 = nove ¥Voe Vp & : ne ( w= =] = Powe —" Vee ¢ Voe Die Cw -eVee) = ie peVie. nye = ke Hoe. Cu- Kee) ne = Kno _ ics hae KVoe) ay (uo Ved) Oe = —kepee: om (wk Moe)? i <= eemS wy bu > EMBe we have poissonls eqn fpVC\= e@Cny- Me) fo ike, & [Nese e&| -ikeneEy _~ WM ue | Cus “ber” | 2. 4 ike, 2 eiknver [tm 4+! — , ore) Miu ef -evRY | = : a fan 4 7 L Mu? — Cua-KVoe)*_]} anim + 1 ——— | as 42 | @up* Cus-"Veel § ~ 7 anim 4+ _! 52 2 uw” (uw- Kee.) } — | - fone p |. thig Ig a AP over gn aye Steet / By eatub for w & cath Aeots fualuss inducakes | values pooslle ocullatios | 2) = ty, + (COF ] osillahen would be cunstable wohen wor>o 4 the are qroeniny cotth wohlon wWi0, othe Ccuillahon Herne J} osillahon would be dampedhen uxy=0 4 oscillaken ampliols 1s constant wiih, heme . In the above eqn we substi bubs = Ww & Yea Ko wp Wp wt) 2 be a + wp A 1 oO) Cus —K vo) 7]| | —_ 7 are __ pt 7 | © 4 C ye F ¥¥a y. 2 Ke dacwayes, Vo Ey AEF | the 2 inkruethy pk would be aie ‘ seal nools | | \ We =, att ion Plasma une chable fon OS inmagiinas 4 >a for wore ler fh plurca jie undcalte oe eg for ny ‘ai ren y uy leigh Taylor stabi ily example. Grovitahenat Unsla bility tonstdley cold plasma, KeTt = KpTe =o Mamrake field oleng * cliyetion, @=2 OB pootide is maevier In ve yy dive onSS ~~ Plama -eledron daft is just eppraite te jor deft ] - oe oe mom (age oo) Lee Veta S08 wae ee ve ermal, we can neglect “ ve ait In equilibateuns Jer tons, toa i . en, Ge rere veo Hen force 15 due ty qravidat fad at | eos : electric field and ‘dtamagnete curecnt coil nob Btn (ve) Vo = 20,Vox Bot Mg ———P co es auitabtenal fiet#, se, ©-4E=My) foe Tao." [here Fores ts tue to g7M ' My) mee ines lars aceite Ve = constant * nek end consider a plasma O + emo X By +90 MG ere Vo ¥ Bo = P0Mg Bo cohen we apply pertlurbatten sith varying Go% - evox Bo = Go*Mg cternpesabune, then mipples ferred tn benadaay ede) © Mg ¥ Bo) and alo ouule accunsulahon of tons panant’ " 2B * (Vo 1 aie mes vey} = C400 peat buildup) at bourdoay ” rt, ° ei wees Plann 4 a Ae 7 , \ @Vobo* = M(qx Be) ‘ x Vacuura <—G es . ~ f thm wm the selaton for velouly of plasrna poate then © field ts formed ab -va 4 divechon Cdas Wy peakuibalen] go ex® obavyt whl be formed. fe 9x2 emooving in Yr ditedion si Me # eet fa) (tya ae « Cegxt)=-2 3 : Plasma | ia 4 | Wena a4 a aes They ae oppeaite in aledton , a, iF will be stableSXerrowith Rab siete Wy / Wie De Mt? Then 2qn of, arcokton 3 . M (92+) (keno + (YoiM) ¥ vet vd) fot + = @ Crotmn) (E: + (Mot vy) x Bo) + M (not P04 Pitot) ( avs +Me 9% + Vo Ve) = e (rot) at hat (E14 Qoxm) ep) + M (Poth) q Lot eonsider ep & ' Moo (Vo 7) Ve © Pe Ve * Botns Mro (CVerV) Ve (Ret) — pots [erovexts) +N] we ho ML Sova; u J no M (verdvp (0041) = vt) eve x Bot Coote) My Ls@ @-@> M Cnet) [ee £VeRV) EVZ9Ve - (Vo vv | a) Ve XB + Vx Bo +Mq— ] @ (vex Bo) — My | pricnein) (B+ vow} = Goime [eptyrte] “ (2% + vowvs) = @(£\+v x60) ‘ Subst. B= iw & U- ik ‘hi. :M (iw V) + Voile) = e CE, +V,~be) ger tH th . mul ply noughout by ; M (wy - Vols v1) =teCel,4 VY XBo)) MM Cuw-vok) = te Ce,4uxe0)) lo Wave plasma, for extracrdinasy eoaue. we hove, Himw Ve, = -e (EotVe, ¥ 80) —> fore dor ton 3 mam No Vp @e-—-7e ; @ 5 -iMw Vey = 2@C&\+Ve, x Bo) —> for ton - | bby eornpaaing thes usith Gaat eqn ‘es! changes do (9 =Vok) and we Know, Ve =e a - te Ey! ee tt | H Vere ky + We Ex] (tr we x a [yg +e for fons - - -e—-e , yO M anel Eg alivertton 4) => w- EVD e@ £y=e Tho Vi = ce (ex cal (‘4s -y «= M (W-Vp%) (Cervo) C9 -Ve Coenen? UW. —? She |SSS AStumé » a >>> Cuo-k V0) >? (tor kVe) @, (2 ets gy HS (es ¥¥e)* Cw-kvo)? and te = eho M , & 2 Viens -e eo es] M Cw-kVo) M(w-KVo) Museo) LE — et ot M2.(ud- Vp)? \ ee eo 7% teropenent a,” jon ivelodly eand, (My - 2 eae “i¢s) (et M (> Yok) \ Cur-Vpk) N+ Ce-WoRy = & . croultiply Raoughout — by : sf ; Ey ME ot (e—vok) ° Ui tT Mig ng © -Veo Or sot M (o-Vol) eee me w woe, - PokVig in ® a2? At Subs bi hake és aan M%(uo-Vok)* Vey = ibd. Cue eve) ° FoStO f ee / so Vine Ey & Ww =w-KVe 7 ": : “Bo +, work sae | =iwn, FO YF M_ (u9— evo) "he col get e By , =iE4 (eo-tve) | 4 I Bee +e Stevilav . er wrilanly mo mo i. Vox = E Vey = on pee 3 Myre wie qn of tootinuily 5 po av(nu)eo. OE i 54 DO) 4 V(Move) + TON, +INOM,+ 7PM =o Oe a8 constant pevlusbabren ~ 7 ey we 2a 4 mgd MPM et BVM MMII RO ae ae odors tend Yo 6 ‘o Qo + PoVViy +t Vin ane +ve°¥O, =e af era ‘ ow + Vin Nol t Vo TRA = Ooti (to-kve)n, +100 Ey +1 Korky ¢ ee rent @ consider ogo of, continually fe Ftc Pe - Ub assume Vero Veye? ' tore am 4 9 Cnet hi) =o De 201 4 VeVi AVE = ae «, pevtuahako BO, 4 Be, FV, =O OE BA 4 nye) + Vi 790= “2e 20) 400 VWey 4 Vexno! Be Tiwn, + opi KVeyt Vex no!=o w0) + = Vexho! Mew = tony = Ey ne Bo, in eo ® Cs -EVo)M, + 100" iw, & iene (tw -kUg id Alc Ge-evy™" — 0M, ~ Koy Cto-kve) con, = gublute the ° yO ¢ 0) Curb, - 49 — kp tw ~Bctier ) Ce -kve} =o —Evp = Eto Cus-tve) 4 ceicnel =Kve ecstene! 72 Conve ee %e ' wort we, +¥ePeno!l ne subsite Vo = -9 me ‘ ial wi-Kwle - Fa. shene. se “Ac ne ww2-kwv, — Jre! -0 ho w= KVe 2 | kK2Ve? +44 00 2 A ano woe KWo + [ klvet + Gro! 2 i re A KiVe* + Amal elechoo evill te: Vecdl- “thes Ht pacduces aire: J = -epeve acd thoreoal vélouly and Gwowth ral ts Vib 2 a- > Dijusion, ¥ Arobipolar Dibusion, aw dipusien aote af, tons. anc! Es ane ait bewnt > hence. Row precuas a space chazge clerfate field - = lf ue eegiet epage chaage elechw field, and we only consider chil} ussion produced dus to gradient af presuac then , it is called faee cif, uate - 2 exo B =o = mete true Vee (ae +CueDue) = We ay use considey stead efafs 5 2 =a Oo = —VPe -THene Ue de 7 Pe este Me Ue Ve Wigt Ve = -Wete Vee woken fit se WgT Vee = —MeneVeve ahem Ug = —Kpl¥oe oe tHE -FeaTe vine Nee mes” en tne Me B De > Free ee ol’{husion ae Pectgte | eo Face Uff mion “AYA rele reneBul Thin .h,= Pee = —Ne De Voe Re [ee =-De | ste face deffusier welptaent is inversely proper lionel deo meu — & we my can seu het lems have low free, taien when compose te elechon, because dl, Aeay man of fom: aod Renee tons have Spaw change ‘ combined diflusion @ gion -forud by space c | wei elect fret Ets Keown as ambi polay diff eaten i >for amb pelas dihlusien, i! >; =e i thes ms at smote { nO) (24h +Cuj: vuj) = anje- VP =mynj Vey yet ove Sor skody sto, Yt =e E = oP} Haj njvuy 0 4 9} Fuji. AjNiE =F = TE -eP5 om] j uv ay mn Sov Y=! Ppa ket; oj > aif sion, coef fier - Soe , ee reoobilihy3 Uy supe — Dj Vnj ne i whens | > jens —-——»> Ci Boe ket Hi a So fuune b= 9) 4j = IN;HjeE — Bij This ts Known as paalicle Flue —foromin: pola dilution, by = he . Fuse emsidey plasma App ae! malice Oee0! thea —OyeF -Dpye = OnTE -DIVN DVO -PeVN = OWE 4 mHeEe (Pi-Pe vo = EeCa bh, + He) known as E ae CO DI-Dejwo | == Thre is ees et | ambi polan delefoie field eledriftield produce cl fo létbuaten - “tale ie Pk be opie -Di0P = BH (Oi-Ded¥n ~ Diep 7 gs Cute? —_ Pwo (P+ — (tile) Dt — Be) M Bib= Gaipi - prfedee - piCuir Ho? Cyt He) = (edi — nde SHRI pers V9 Carne? i = = Cpedi ei Pe) VP = pet Hedi) yn Cpi + He) Cui tHe) fe - Pa - bite + as ambi polar Dijuaion sereobililiy 6 * fore than @ fRe>pi we-ape coeffilert Hence Hi+pe i ee nie | Man Dg - tite 4+ Di ( ae ion = fle =}e™(* ) io ee cohen ion ternposaluse = electon kemperafurc. , ambi poder lempditiuston 1s double af ion femperafuse