Evergreen Secondary School

Mathematics Department
Secondary 2
Name: _______________________( ) Class: 2___________ Date: __________

Chapter 11 Statistical Diagrams

Part 2: Stem and Leaf Diagrams

Self Reflection
Learning Goals
Success Criteria
11.2A Interpret and I am able to interpret the stem and leaf diagram by finding
analyse the • the percentage of a required group.
stem-and-leaf • the range
diagram. Range = _________ value – _________ value
• the corresponding angle of a sector if the data is to be represented on a pie
chart.
• mode
• median
• mean

11.2B Constructing I am able to

stem-and-leaf • extract the stem and leaf from each data value and place it in a stem-and-leaf
diagrams given diagram.
the raw data. • check that the total number of “leaves” tally with the raw data given.
• provide a key for the diagram.

11.2C Split stems stem- I am able to use construct a stem-and-leaf diagram with split stems to bring
and-leaf diagram. out the details of the distribution by revealing the true peak.
11.2D Back-to-back I am able to compare two sets of data by interpreting information from a
stem-and-leaf back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram.
diagram.
The stem and leaf diagram with split stems below shows the lengths of grass in a field.

(a) State the minimum and maximum lengths of grass recorded.

(b) Grass with the length of more than 3 cm needs to be trimmed. Calculate the percentage of grass that needs to be
trimmed.

(c) Write down the mode.

(d) Find the median.

(e) Calculate the mean.

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 ④ find
11.2A | Analyse and interpret the stem-and-leaf diagram

Stem-and-leaf diagram is used to organize a large amount of data. A stem-and-leaf diagram is a graph
value
that shows the shape of the data according to the data __________.
In a stem-and-leaf diagram,
• the more significant digit(s) of each value is extracted to form a _____________
stem
• the next significant digit of the value is displayed as a _____________ leaf
Example 1 https://bit.ly/2XztNUi
The stem-and-leaf diagram below shows the ages of 20 employees of a bank.
A statistical diagram should have a title.
The tens digit of Ages of Employees
the age forms
the stem. Stem Leaf The ones digit of the age forms the leaf.

The stems are arranged
vertically, in ascending
order.
Intermediate stem values
with no data values are also
included.
Key: 5| 3 means 53 years old
>
2 7 8
This row shows the ages 27 and 28.
3 1 3 4 5 5 7 8 9
4 0 2 2 2 3 6 9
The leaf is placed in the row corresponding
5
to its stem in ascending order.
6 0 1 3
The key indicates the place values of the
stem and leaf diagram.

EnIn general, we can interpret the following information from a stem and leaf diagram.
.
• 27
The ages of the employees are between ___________ 63
and ____________ years old.
• 31
The peak is between _________ 39
and _________ years old.
① distributed
•
unevenly
The shape of the data _____________________________________________________________

② The data has a thicker tail towards the

smaller values /
towards
The data has a thinner tail the larger
(a) Calculate the range. values -

63-27
range 36
years old
= =
.

(c) What is the modal age of the employees in the bank?

42 years old
(d) What is the percentage of employees are in their 40’s?

% =
¥ ✗ Into =

33¥
(e) The data is represented on a pie chart.

0
Find the angle representing employees that are in the forties.

¥ 360°
angle
= ✗

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=

12¥ 2
Example 2
The stem-and-leaf diagram shows the masses, in grams, of apples in basket A.

0
0

For these masses, find

(a) the range, 228 191
range
-
=

3T€
=

(b) the mode,

195g , 217g , 208g
(c) the median,
① Middle position 20¥ ② Median =
208-1-210
? ,¥ʰ
=

105th 209€
= =

(d) the mean.

mean =
4%1
=

209.45¥
The masses of apples in basket B has a range of 23 grams and median of 189 grams.
(e) Compare the masses of apples in basket A and B in two ways.

① range =

37g ⑧ range __
23g
Median =

209g
Median =

-189g
than
①
B.
range of
A is
greater
in A is more spread out than B

i. Mass of apples

of A than
② Median
is
greater B.

in A are heavier
i. mass of apples
.

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Practice 1

00

\
outlier

(i) The teacher expected the assignment ot take 30 minutes.

Find the percentage of students who took longer than expected.

% of students =
¥ ✗
look
=

55¥
(ii) Write down the modal time(s).
27 and 32 minutes

(iii) Find the median time.

① Middle position = 20¥ ② Median =
31¥
=
luster ¥3 =

31.51in
(iv) Explain why the mean may not be an appropriate average to use to summarise the times taken by these
students.
which increases
69 minutes is an outlier

the mean .

(v) The range of the times taken by a second group of students to complete the same assignment was 25
minutes. Use this information to comment on one difference between the two distributions.

tange of group 69-24 45 minutes

1 = =

than 2

Range of group 1 is
greater group
.

taken 1 students is
time
by
more
i. group
out
spread
.

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Practice 2
The values below shows the heights of students in class A.
(a) The values are represented in the stem-and-leaf diagram below.
Complete the stem-and-leaf diagram below.
Title:

%
164 128 140 137 140 123
140 131 152 130 146 =
150
Stem
12
Leaf
3 8
13 0 1 7

l 14 0 006

0
15 2
• 02

16 4
Key:
1213 represents 123cm

(b) Write down the modal height.

140cm

(c) Find the median height. ① Middle position __l2 ② Median = 14011¥
6ᵗʰ
=
6.5
7th
=
140yd
(d) 25% of the students are taller than or equal to a height x cm. Find the value of x.

① number of students 25% ✗ 12

② 1=15011
=

&Iµ ✗ 12

=
3 Students
Practice 3
The data below shows the speeds of speeds of some cars as they passed a 60 km/h speed limit junction.

Stem
Leaf
3 4 5 6
4 1 2 2 3 5
5 3 3 4 4 6 9

0
6 0 0 1 3 5 8
7 2 6 7
8 5
Key: 6|0 means 60 km/h

(a) Find the range of the speed of cars at the junction.

range
__
7-7-35
=

42kh
(b) If the cars with speeds exceeding 63 km/h were fined for over-speeding, find the percentage of cars that
were fined.

% -
-

¥ ✗ look
224%
=

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 11.2B Constructing a stem-and-leaf diagram
In a stem-and-leaf diagram,
• the more significant digit(s) of each value is extracted to form a stem.
• the next significant digit of the value is displayed as a leaf.
Example 3
Consider the following data. Construct a stem-and-leaf diagram for the following data.
(a) Mass (in grams) of a bag of potatoes
Title:
Mass of bag of potatoes
Stem Leaf

75 0
What significant digit(s) should be
7- 6 5
the stem?
77 0 3 4 89
What significant digit(s) should be
the leaf? 78 2 7
79 I
What does the values represent?
Key:
75/0
How to write the key?
represents 750min

11.2C Constructing a stem-and-leaf diagram with split stems

Example 4 Consider the following data of lengths of twigs in a garden.
Lengths of twigs in a garden
Stem Leaf
0 2 2 3 5 6 6 8
1 0 0 0 2 6 6 8 8 9
2 0 0 1 2 3 3 5 5 6 7 7 8 8 9 9
3 0 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 6
Key: 0|2 means 2 cm.

long
When a stem-and-leaf diagram has too few stems but fairly ____________ leaves on some stems,
it will be too difficult to read the diagram.
break each stem into two halves.
In such a case, we can ___________
- one stem for the leaves 0 to 4 and
- one stem for the leaves 5 to 9
The resulting diagram is called a stem-and-leaf diagram with split stems.
Lengths of twigs in a garden
Stem Leaf
0 22 3

0 56 6 8
1 00 20

1 6 6 88 9
2 0 0 I 2 3 3
2 5 t 6 8 99
3 0 ? I 71 72 8
2 33 1 4 44
3 56
Key: 0|2 means 2 cm.

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11.2D | Comparing data using a back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram
Example 5 The stem and leaf diagram below shows the number of defective light bulbs found in 12
0
boxes of 100 light bulbs from two different factories.
Leaves for Factory A Stem Leaves for Factory B
read stem 9 7 4 1
followed by leaf 4 3 19 18 03 2
3
9
1 4 6 7 8
1 4 0 0 1 2 3 3

Key: 4 | 9 means 49 light bulbs.

(a) (i) Find the mode for Factory A, 21 bulbs

(i) Find median for Factory B.
① Middle position = ¥ ② Median -

38,1-41
65th ¥-1
-
=

(b) Which factory’s production of light bulbs is better? Give a reason.

Mean|Medi④ Median for A =

21T¥
22¢
=

Factory A is better as it has lesser defective lightbulbs

.

Practice 4
The following back-to-back stem and leaf diagram shows the marks of the students from two different
schools who sat for an inter-school Mathematics competition. 25 students from each school took part
in the competition.

GAIL

(a) 24% of students in School A got a distinction. What is the minimum mark for a distinction?

no -

f- students # =
✗ 2s : minimum
_
mark
=
97
=
6
(b) Which school performed better in the examination? Explain why.
median A- 86
Median D= 77

A 3 B
Median
: .
A is better
performing .

Practice 5 TYS 2018 P1

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 O O

2nd 1st 14 ?☐
Ah 3rd 147

¥!
② Median =
127+1-29
① Middle position =
30¥ ,gµ
128¥
=

=
15-5
16th

=
Max -

min
range
44 = Max -103

Max
=
44 -1103=147 7

Median of banana
125g median of apples greater than
=
is

bananas -
÷ Bananas heavier than
are
apples
.

range of apples 67g range of apples is

larger than bananas
=
.

The mass
of
: .

apples are

more spread art .

Homework: Textbook Exercise 12.2 Qn 7, Exercise 12.3 Qn 4, Review Exercise 12 Qn 11

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