ALFI NUGROHO

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LEARNING ISSUE
LBM 2 MODUL 3.3

1. Sebutkan dari metode pemberdayaan Masyarakat di bidang kesehatan

The following are several commonly used methods of community empowerment in the health
sector:

- Practical health training: Through training, people learn important topics such as healthy eating,
exercise, stress management and good hygiene practices

- Infectious disease education: Providing information about infectious diseases and how to prevent
them, such as influenza, dengue fever, and respiratory tract infections, to help people avoid the
spread of disease and take appropriate preventive measures

- Immunization program: Coordinate the immunization program with local health facilities to provide
information about the benefits of immunization and vaccine administration schedules to the
community

- Free health check-ups: Encourage community empowerment through free health check-ups, such
as blood pressure checks, to identify early illnesses and prevent possible complications

- Formation of health cadres: Through training and improving skills, the community can become
health cadres who play an active role in health empowerment efforts

Source : Restuastuti, T., Zahtamal, Z., Chandra, F., & Restila, R. (2017). Analisis pemberdayaan
masyarakat di bidang kesehatan. Jurnal Kesehatan Melayu, 1(1), 14-19.

2. Sebutkan prinsip dari metode pemberdayaan Masyarakat di bidang Kesehatan

- Growing and developing community potential: Efforts to utilize the potential that exists in society,
both human resources and natural resources, to improve community health.

- Increasing community contribution: Empowering the community to play an active role in health
development, such as utilizing health services, becoming health cadres, and participating in health
education activities.

- Developing a culture of mutual cooperation: Encouraging the spirit of mutual cooperation activities
in the community to support health empowerment efforts.

- Working with the community: Involving the community in decision making related to health and
facilitating the implementation of empowerment activities.

- Community-based education: Developing health education that is based on the needs and culture
of local communities.

- Partnership: Building partnerships with NGOs and community organizations to support community
empowerment efforts in the health sector.
- Decentralization: Empowering communities by providing opportunities for communities to manage
resources and make decisions related to health.

Source : Sulaiman, E. S. (2021). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Bidang Kesehatan: Teori dan

Implementasi. UGM PRESS.

3. Sebutkan hubungan perilaku sehat pencegahan dan promosi dari ukbm

Health promotion can play an important role in improving clean and healthy living behavior
(PHBS) in society. In addition, health promotion can influence changes in clean and healthy living
behavior at the household level. In the UKBM context, health promotion can be carried out through
outreach, training and development of community health cadres to increase community awareness
and ability to manage their own and their families' health. Therefore, UKBM can be a means of
promoting healthy behavior and disease prevention through disseminating information and
increasing public knowledge about health.

Source :

- Sari, I. I. K., & Sulistyowati, M. (2015). Analisis promosi kesehatan di puskesmas Kalijudan terhadap
PHBS rumah tangga ibu hamil. Jurnal Promkes, 3(2), 159-170.

- Lubis, A. H., Efendi, I., & Fitriani, A. D. (2019). Pengaruh Promosi Kesehatan Terhadap Perubahan
Pengetahuan Hidup Bersih Dan Sehat (Phbs) Pada Tatanan Rumah Tangga Di Desa Batu Godang
Kecamatan Angkola Sangkunur Tahun 2019. Jurnal Mutiara Kesehatan Masyarakat, 4(2), 121-131.

4. explain about community empowerment

Community empowerment is a process where people take the initiative to start social
activities to improve their own situation and conditions. This involves enhancing people's abilities,
potential and independence so that they can maximize their identity and dignity. Community
empowerment also includes strategies to enable and make society independent, especially from
poverty and underdevelopment. The aim of community empowerment is to achieve competence
and independence in social, national and state life. In this context, community empowerment can
only occur if the community itself participates, becomes an agent of development, and is not just a
beneficiary. Community empowerment strategies include creating a climate, strengthening power,
and protecting, and involve strengthening individual community members and their institutions

Source : Endang Sutisna Sulaiman (2021) Pemberdayaan Masyarakat DiBidang Kesehatan:Teori

DanImplementasi.

5. What activities are involved in community empowerment?

Some examples of community empowerment activities in the health sector include:

- Practical health training: Through training, people learn important topics such as healthy eating,
exercise, stress management and good hygiene practices.
- Infectious disease education: Conveying information about infectious diseases and how to prevent
them, such as influenza, dengue fever, and respiratory tract infections, to help people avoid the
spread of disease and take appropriate preventive measures.

- Immunization program: Coordinate the immunization program with local health facilities to provide
information about the benefits of immunization and vaccine administration schedules to the
community.

- Free health check-ups: Encourage community empowerment through free health check-ups, such
as blood pressure checks, to identify early illnesses and prevent possible complications.

- Infrastructure and infrastructure development: Increasing the availability of health facilities, such as
irrigation, roads, electricity, social services such as schools, and health service facilities, which can be
reached by the lowest levels of society.

- Development of village community empowerment cadres: Organizing village community

empowerment cadres who will be responsible for developing and managing health activities in the
village.

Source :

- Endang Sutisna Sulaiman (2021) Pemberdayaan Masyarakat DiBidang Kesehatan:Teori

DanImplementasi.

- Permenkes No. 8 Tahun 2019 tentang Pemberdayaan masyarakat bidang kesehatan.

6. Explain about health cadres

Health cadres refer to a group of healthcare workers who have been trained to perform
specific tasks within the healthcare system. These workers often have specialized training and are
deployed to address specific health needs within communities. The World Health Organization
(WHO) defines health cadres as community health workers or community health aides selected to
provide care and promote health within communities. They may include individuals such as
midwives, public health professionals, and substitute health workers who take on some of the
functions and roles normally reserved for internationally recognized health professionals

The roles of health cadres can vary widely depending on the specific training and the needs
of the community they serve. For example, they may be involved in maternal and newborn health
interventions, child growth and development promotion, nutritional education, and other health
promotion activities. In some cases, they may also be involved in data recording and application
development to support their health promotion activities

The use of health cadres has gained renewed interest due to the crisis in human resources
for health in various regions, including Africa, where migration of health professionals, the impact of
HIV/AIDS, and economic difficulties have led to a shortage of healthcare workers. As a result, there
has been a push to rationalize substitute cadres and paramedicals to agree upon common curricula
and scopes of practice.

In summary, health cadres encompass a diverse group of healthcare workers who play a
crucial role in addressing specific health needs within communities, and their roles can range from
maternal and newborn care to public health management
Source : John, Joseph. (2017). Text book of Preventive and Community Dentistry : Public Health
Dentistry.

7. How to attract people's interest in becoming health cadres?

To attract people's interest in becoming health cadres, several strategies can be

implemented, such as counseling, training and increasing motivation. Based on research conducted,
there are several factors that can influence people's interest in becoming health cadres, including the
lack of cadres at posyandu, lack of support from surrounding health facilities, and lack of incentives
and motivation for prospective cadres. Therefore, efforts to increase the motivation of health cadres
through counseling and training are important things to do. Apart from that, the formation of Village
Community Empowerment Cadres can also be an effective strategy in attracting community interest
to play an active role in health empowerment in their environment.

Source : Pipin, A., Rohmah, U. N., Ellynia, E., Juliani, E., Harahap, S. G., & Efkelin, R. (2023).
Peningkatan Motivasi Kader Kesehatan dalam Memberikan Pelayanan Prima Era Pandemi di
Posyandu RW 05 Kecamatan Pademangan Timur Jakarta Utara. Idea Pengabdian Masyarakat, 3(01),
284-288.

8. explain the law that underlies the existence of UKBM

-Permenkes of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 2019 concerning Community Empowerment in

the Health Sector is the main basis/guideline for implementing UKBM which contains everything
from provisions, strategies to instructions for implementing UKBM so that it runs systematically.
Some of the things regulated in this regulation include:

1. This regulation provides a definition of community empowerment in the health sector, namely
efforts to increase the community's ability to manage their own health

2. This regulation also stipulates the duties and responsibilities of the government, community and
health workers in implementing community empowerment in the health sector

-Presidential Regulation Number 72 of 2012 concerning the National Health System (State Gazette of
the Republic of Indonesia of 2012 Number 193)

-Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 74 of 2015 concerning Efforts to Improve Health and
Prevent Disease Some of the things regulated in this regulation include:

1. The strategy stipulated by this regulation is to prevent disease and improve health, such as health
promotion, prevention and control of disease, andimproving the quality of health services.

Source : Roat, C., Barens, W.B. and Kawatu, P.A., 2019. Gambaran Kesehatan Lingkungan Sekolah di
Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tongkaina Tahun 2018. KESMAS,7(5).

9. What is the proper implementation of UKBM?

Community participation in the health sector in the form of Community Resource Health
Efforts (UKBM) to increase the healthy living movement UKBM to increase the healthy living
movement as a forum for community empowerment movements that are formed based on the
needs of the community itself which will later be managed by, from, for and with the community to
be able to empower themselves and be able to improve the health status of individuals, groups and
communities which is expected to become input in determining the direction of health development.
One example of community participation in the form of UKBM is becoming a health cadre. As the
role of cadres is:

- motivating the community to participate in health efforts according to their authority

- motivating the community to utilize UKBM and basic health services

Source : Saraswati, A.S.R.P. and Lubis, D.S., 2020. Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Upaya Kesehatan
Bersumberdaya Masyarakat Untuk Meningkatkan Germas Di Desa Gunaksa. Health.

10. Name the party responsible for the implementation of UKBM

The parties responsible for implementing UKBM (Community Resource Health Efforts) are
the district/city regional government, village government leaders and officials, as well as the
community itself. According to the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia
Number 8 of 2019, district/city regional governments are responsible for establishing and
implementing UKBM. Apart from that, the implementation of the development of Active Alert
Villages and Subdistricts, which is part of UKBM, is also the responsibility of village and subdistrict
leadership and government officials. Apart from that, the community also has a responsibility to take
a role in UKBM, such as taking responsibility for the health of themselves, their families and the
community, as well as developing the ability to keep themselves, their families and the community
healthy. Therefore, the implementation of UKBM involves various parties, including local
government, village government leaders and officials, as well as the community itself

Source :

11. explain the role of health cadres in UKBM

- Educator, namely the active role of cadres in providing various input positive and motivating based
on the experiences of the cadres the. Providing information and sharing experiences and knowledge
has been obtained while serving as a cadre in the community. The role of cadres as educators can be
seen through counseling and outreach

- Planner, namely collecting data regarding problems that occur in society, then analyze and present
alternative courses of action rational way to deal with the problem. Plan development efforts
community empowerment and participatory development programs.

- The role of cadres in advocacy, namely representing community groups who need help or services,
by encouraging makers decisions for example the Village Head/Lurah to consider input from
community so that decision holders are sensitive to needs public.

- Technical implementers (technical roles), namely organizing the community, and also carry out
technical tasks such as collecting data, processing andanalyzing data, managing and controlling
finances. This can be seen from the role of cadres as coordinators during competitions and cadres as
community companion. There are reports carried out by cadres that are good reports activities and
reports on meeting results and finances. Financial management can seen from the collaboration
between cadres and the private sector in providing material support to support the implementation
of UKBM activities in the Village Wonokromo.
- Cadres also have a role in providing motivation to the community participate in UKBM activities.
The role of internal cadres community as a health motivator and providing health education. A cadre
is able to identify needs, obstacles and take action coordinating with various parties in providing
health services to public

Source : Masruroh, Shofi D., dan Hargono, R. 2018. Peran dan Motivasi Kader dalam Pelaksanaan
Kelurahan Siaga Aktif Wono Kromo Surabaya. Jurnal Promkes Vol. 6, No. 2

12. explain the purpose of human relations in UKBM

There are important goals of public relations in health institutions. These goals can be stated
as public openness regarding institutional service policies health and implementation of these
policies by the community, ensuring that the activities carried out by the organization are welcomed
by the community in a way positive, learning what society thinks. About organizing by the
community, and providing cooperation with the community.

Source : Sumber : Restuastuti, T., Zahtamal, Z., Chandra, F., & Restila, R. (2017). Analisis
pemberdayaan masyarakat di bidang kesehatan. Jurnal Kesehatan Melayu, 1(1), 14-19.

13. What is the impact of the lack of UKBM?

The impact of community-based health efforts can be seen in several aspects, such as:

- Increasing public awareness where this effort aims to provide information and increase public
awareness regarding the importance of health and the steps that need to be taken to manage their
own health

- Apart from increasing public awareness, UKBM has another goal, namely improving the quality of
health. Where improving the quality of health aims to provide information and technical support for
health promotion activities, so that the community can improve the quality of health, both individual
and community health.

Source : Susanto, Fino. Claramita, Mora. Handayani, Sri. 2017. Peran Kader posyandu dalam
pemberdayaan masyarakat Bintan. UGM