Chapter.

3 Vector Spaces
3.3 Linear Independence

1. Linearly Independence
2. Linearly Dependence
3. Geometric Interpretation of Linearly Independent and Dependent Vectors
4. Theorems and Examples
5. Vector Spaces of Functions

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 1. Linearly Independence
Definition
The vectors �1 , �2 , …, �� in a vector space V are said to be linearly independent if
c1 �1 + c2 �2 + … + c� �� = �
Implies that all the scalars c1 , c2 , …, c� must be equal 0.
i.e. c1 , c2 , …, c� = 0

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 2. Linearly Dependence
Definition
The vectors �1 , �2 , …, �� in a vector space V are said to be linearly dependent if
c1 �1 + c2 �2 + … + c� �� = �
Implies that all the scalars c1 , c2 , …, c� are not equal 0.
i.e. c1 , c2 , …, c� ≠ 0

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2. Linearly Dependence

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2. Linearly Dependence

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3. Geometric Interpretation of Linearly Independent
and Linearly Dependent Vectors

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 4. Theorems and Examples

Solution (a):
solve the system
ℝ3

∴ the given vectors are linearly independent

For other parts see the book
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4. Theorems and Examples

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4. Theorems and Examples

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4. Theorems and Examples

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4. Theorems and Examples

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4. Theorems and Examples

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4. Theorems and Examples

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 5. Vector Spaces of Functions
I. The Vector Space ��

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 5. Vector Spaces of Functions
I. The Vector Space ��
Example: Test whether the following vectors are linearly independent.
�1 � = �2 − 2� + 3, �2 � = 2�2 + � + 8, �3 � = �2 + 8� + 7
Solution
�1 �1 � + �2 �2 � + �3 �3 � = 0�2 + 0� + 0
⇒ �1 �2 − 2� + 3 + �2 2�2 + � + 8 + �3 �2 + 8� + 7 = 0�2 + 0� + 0
⇒ �1 + 2�2 + �3 �2 + −2�1 + �2 + 8�3 � + 3�1 + 8�2 + 7�3 = 0�2 + 0� + 0
Equating coefficients leads to the system
�1 + 2�2 + �3 = 0
−2�1 + �2 + 8�3 = 0
3�1 + 8�2 + 7�3 = 0
The coefficient matrix for this system is singular and hence there are nontrivial solutions.
Therefore, �1 , �2 , �3 are linearly dependent.
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 5. Vector Spaces of Functions
II. The Vector Space � �−1 [�, �]

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 5. Vector Spaces of Functions
II. The Vector Space � �−1 [�, �]

Note: Also, See example.8 in book

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